Kwinqaku lale veki sivavanya ityala likaPellham v. Masihambe Tubing, Inc., No. 34433-9III (Hlamba. Ct. App. (6/27/2017)) apho iNkundla yezibheno yaseWashington iqaphele ukuba "Esi sibheno sicela : ngaba inkampani yangaphakathi yokuqeshisa ityhubhu inoxanduva lokulumkisa umqeshi malunga nelog ewele emlanjeni xa ilog ifihliwe kodwa kufutshane nendawo yokuqalisa, umlambo okhoyo ngoku utsala i-tuber ukuya kwilog, inkampani iyazi malunga nelog ewile , inkampani ilumkisa ezinye izilimo eziyizigaxa zelog, kwaye inkampani ikhetha indawo yokwazisa? Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, umdla, njengokuzonwabisa okungaphandle okungathintelwanga, ukugcina imeko yendalo kunye nenkululeko yokukhuphisana neendlela zeshishini ezilumkileyo, ukubhengeza ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko kunye nembuyekezo yokwenzakala. Ngokusekwe kwimfundiso yobungozi bokucingelwa komngcipheko, siwuphendula umbuzo ngendlela engalunganga. Siqinisekisa isigwebo senkundla yokuchithwa kwesigwebo somqeshi uBrian Pellham ngenxa yokwenzakala kwakhe kwinkampani eqeshisa ngemibhobho, Masihambe Tubing, Inc. ”
Kwiingxoxo zangaphambili zohambo lwe-adventure kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokukhutshwa ubone uDickerson, Umthetho wezohambo: Ukhenketho lweTower Mudder-adventure luthathwe ngokugqithileyo, Iindaba ze-ETN Global Travel Industry News (nge-11 kaJuni ngo-2014) kunye noDickerson, uhambo lokuzonwabisa: oluthambileyo, olunzima nolugqithisileyo- Ukuzihlangula kunye nokukhutshwa, Iindaba ze-ETN zoHambo lweHlabathi loKhenketho (nge-17 kaJulayi, 2014). Kwimeko efanayo jonga i-Glenview Park District v. Melhus, 540 F, 2d 1321 (7th Cir. 1976) (iphenyane elatshona ngexesha lokuhamba emlanjeni lathenjiswa ukuba ukuhamba ngephenyane 'kuya kukhuseleka ngokugqibeleleyo'). Bona kwakho: UDickerson, Umthetho wokuHamba, Icandelo 5.04 [4] [A]: Ukophulwa kweMvume yokuKhusela iwaranti.
Ukuhlaziywa kweethagethi zohlaselo
City New York
E-Feuer, uMrhanelwa kwi-Times Square Ukuqhushumisa amaBala oMzila we-Mystery, ntyimes (12/11/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Kodwa ngentsasa yangoMvulo, uMnu Ullah, 27, ubophe ibhombu emzimbeni wakhe kwaye wazama ukuqhushumba kwisikhululo sikaloliwe iTimes Square, amapolisa athi, ayibanga sisiphithiphithi nje phakathi kwezihlwele zabakhweli, kodwa ikwashiya ngasemva umkhondo wemfihlakalo obothusa abo bamaziyo ”.
Swiden
Kwi-Masked abahlaseli umlilo wesikhungu waseSweden kunye ne-Molotov cocktails, i-travelwirenews, com (12/10/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Iqela lolutsha olufake izigqubuthelo lihlasele indlu yesikhungu eGothenburg, eSweden, kunye ne-Molotov cocktails, phakathi kwe-US. isigqibo sokuqonda iYerusalem njengekomkhulu lakwaSirayeli ”.
Myanmar
Kwi-Beech, ubuncinci i-6,700 Rohingya isweleke eMyanmar Crackdown, iQela loNcedo lathi, ngo-Nytimes (12/14/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Oogqirha Ngaphandle Kwemida baqikelelwa ngolwe-Lwesine ukuba ubuncinci ama-6,700 amalungu eMyanmar amaRohingya amaSulumane amancinci kubandakanya abantwana abangama-730 abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala. Ngomhla wesi-5, babedibana nabantu ababhubhileyo kwinyanga emva kohlaselo lomkhosi kwiilali zabo. Iphulo lokulwa neRohingya, eliqale ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti, libizwa ngokuba 'kukucocwa kohlanga' yi-United States kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo. Abasindileyo abalekele kwilizwe elingummelwane laseBangladesh banika ingxelo efanayo yokubulawa, ukudlwengulwa ngamaqela emigulukudu kunye nokutshiswa kwamakhaya ”.
I-HIV Spike eBrazil
E-Darlington, eBrazil Ulwa i-HIV Spike kulutsha kunye
Iziyobisi ezaziwa ngokuba yiFree Preventive Drug, nytimes (12/12/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Ifuna ukuthintela ukunyuka okuqatha kwamatyala e-HIV kulutsha, iBrazil yaqala ukunikezela ichiza kulenyanga elinokuthintela usulelo kwabo babonwa besemngciphekweni omkhulu. IBrazil lilizwe lokuqala kwiLatin America, naphakathi kwelokuqala kumazwe asaphuhlayo, ukwamkela ipilisi iTruvada, phantsi kwenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yiPrEP, emfutshane ngeprosesa yangaphambi kokuvezwa, njengenxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo wokhathalelo lwempilo ”.
Zika Babies
E-Belluck, Njengokuba iintsana ze-Zika ziba ziintsana, ezinye azikwazi ukubona, ukuhamba okanye ukuthetha, amaxesha (12/14/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Njengokuba abantwana bokuqala abazalwa benomonakalo wengqondo kubhubhane waseZika baba neminyaka emibini ubudala. , abona bantu bachaphazeleke kakhulu bayasilela ngasemva kuphuhliso lwabo kwaye baya kufuna ukhathalelo lobomi bonke, ngokophando olupapashwe ngoLwesine ngamaZiko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo ”.
Yiba mnandi kwii-Queen's Swans, nceda
Kwingxowa-mali ye-Swans yahlatywa yanqunyulwa eLondon, i-travelwirenews (12/13/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “kuqaliswe uphando kwaye kwasekwa nokujikeleza koluntu, emva kokuba kufumaneke ii-swans ezintandathu zinqunyulwe iintloko kumzantsi mpuma weLondon. Ukubulawa kwamadada angathethiyo, athathwa njengepropathi kaKumkanikazi wase-Bhritane, akukho semthethweni ”.
Isekisi yaseRoma eParis
E-Rougerie, i-Roma Circus Yakha Ikhaya kwaye Yakha Iibhlorho, eParis, nytmes (12/11/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Usapho lwamaRomania luchitha ixesha elininzi lonyaka kwi-Arrondissement ye-16 eParis- kwipaki encinci apho Iikharavani zabo zeesekisi zinendawo esisigxina nalapho baqhuba khona umboniso wabo. Ixesha eliseleyo, bathatha umboniso endleleni, bahamba ngeenxa zonke eFrance… Ehlotyeni, iSebe lezeNkcubeko eligama linguNkosk. Romanes ligorha le-Order yezoBugcisa neeleta, ukwamkelwa okuphezulu okunikwe amagcisa anempembelelo. Ungumfazi wokuqala waseRoma ukufumana isihloko eFrance… Yonke intsebenzo iyalungiswa kwasekuqaleni, ngaphandle kwebali elichaziweyo. Ilungu ngalinye lesamente lisebenza lodwa, lize emva koko lizise izithintelo kulo mboniso, oguquka ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphezu kweyure enye busuku ngabunye ”.
Inkqubo eNtsha yokuCebisa ngezohambo eMelika
E-US ukumilisela inqanaba lesine inkqubo yeengcebiso ngezohambo, ii -wirewirenes (12/9/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “iSebe laseMelika laseMelika lithe ngolwe-Sihlanu ngolusuku ukuba inxenye yoxanduva lwalo kwezokhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabemi balo phesheya kolwandle 'kukubonelela ngolwazi. sincede abemi baseMelika bathathe izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokuhambela phesheya '… ngoJanuwari' siza kuphehlelela iimveliso zethu ezintsha ezinikezelwa ngeengcebiso ngohambo kwilizwe ngalinye kwihlabathi ukubonelela abemi baseMelika ngolwazi olufanelekileyo ngokhuseleko nokhuseleko. Iingcebiso zokuhamba ziya kunika iingcebiso kubemi base-US ngokulandela inkqubo yokuhlelwa kwamanqanaba amane kunye nokubonelela ngamanyathelo acacileyo ekufuneka ethathiwe. Ke, inqanaba lokuqala 'kukusebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko aqhelekileyo', inqanaba lesibini iya kuba 'kukuzilolonga ngakumbi', inqanaba lesithathu kuya kuba 'kukujonga kwakhona ukuhamba', kwaye inqanaba lesine kukuba 'ungahambi' ”.
Iziganeko zemozulu eziGqithisileyo
KwiPlumer kunye nePopovich, Indlela Ubushushu beHlabathi obuzise ngayo iziganeko ezintlanu ezibi kakhulu zemozulu, amaxesha (12/14/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Imozulu egqithileyo ishiye uphawu lwayo kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2016, owona nyaka ushushu kwimbali ebhaliweyo. Rekhoda ubushushu obhakwe eAsia naseArctic. Iimbalela zahlasela iBrazil kunye noMazantsi eAfrika. IGreat Barrier Reef yehlelwa sisiganeko esibi kakhulu kwimemori, yabulala iindawo ezininzi zekorale. Ngoku oosonzululwazi bemozulu baqala ukukroba ukuba zeziphi iintlekele zonyaka ophelileyo ezinokuthi, kwaye zingenako, ukunxulunyaniswa nokufudumala komhlaba. Kwingqokelela entsha yamaphepha apapashwe ngolwe-Lwesithathu kwi-Bulletin ye-American Meteorological Society, abaphandi kwihlabathi liphela bahlalutye imicimbi yemozulu eyoyikisayo engama-27 ukusuka ngo-2016 kwaye bafumanisa ukuba utshintsho olwenziwe ngabantu lubangelwe 'ngumqhubi obalulekileyo' kwabangama-21 kubo ”.
Uber Spy Masters
Ku-Isaac, u-Uber ebandakanyeka ekuhloleni abo bangekho mthethweni 'ngokungekho mthethweni', u-Ex-Employee uthi, nytimes (12/15/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "iminyaka, u-Uber wayehlola ngokufihlakeleyo abaphathi abaphambili, abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi kwiinkampani ezikhuphisanayo. njengenxalenye yomsebenzi omkhulu wokuqokelela ubukrelekrele owawugubungela amazwe amaninzi, ngokweleta eyenziwe esidlangalaleni kwinkundla yomanyano ngolwe-Sihlanu. Le leta inamaphepha angama-37, ibhalwe egameni likaRichard Jacobs, owayesakuba ngumqeshwa kwezokhuseleko e-Uber, echaza into ayichaze njengokusekwa kwamaqela angaphakathi ahlukeneyo ayilelwe 'ngokucacileyo ngenjongo yokufumana iimfihlo zorhwebo' kwabo bakhuphisana nabo babelana ngeenqwelomoya kwihlabathi liphela. . 'U-Uber uzibandakanye, kwaye uyaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya, ekuhlanganiseni ubukrelekrele ngokungekho mthethweni kwizinga lehlabathi', uMnu Jacobs ubhale… u-Uber ujongene nophando oluhlukeneyo lwemanyano, kubandakanya nelinye ngaphezulu kwesoftware ebizwa ngokuba yi 'Greyball'. Inkampani yenzelwe ukuphepha ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwizixeko kwihlabathi liphela. Ikwajamelene nophando lokuba ingaba le nkampani yawaphula na umthetho wezenzo zorhwaphilizo zangaphandle ngokunyoba kumazwe aphesheya, ibango uMnu Jacobs alileta kwileta yakhe ”.
Umkhosi wokukhwela uMkhosi kwi-Mpuma mpuma yeAsia
E-Zhong, kwi-Asia-mpuma ye-Ride-Hailing War is being Waged on Motorcyikes, nytimes (12/8/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Ngentsasa yakutshanje eqhuba isithuthuthu sakhe ngenye yeendlela zokuqala ukukhula kwezobuchwephese e-Asia, uNasrun wachola Washiya abantwana besikolo abane, owayesebenza eofisini, amayeza ekhemesti, amadombolo enesosi yamandongomane, amaxwebhu ambalwa kunye neodolo yokutya kwaseJapan, eyokugqibela wayisa kumfazi eIndonesian Stock Exchange… (yena) uyasebenza yeGo-Jek, i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola yaseIndonesia eqala ishishini lokukhwela abakhweli ibeke abachasi abanjengo-Uber kwisaziso, kwaye yafumana ingqwalaselo kubatyali zimali baseMelika nakwizihloko zeintanethi zaseTshayina ngokufanayo ”.
IJerusalem capital yasePalestine?
E-Gall, iiNkokheli zaseMuslin zivakalisa iMpuma yeJerusalem njengeKomkhulu lasePalestine, amaxesha (12/13/2017) amaxesha aphawulwe ukuba “iinkokheli namagosa ezizwe zamaSilamsi babhengeza iMpuma Yerusalem njengekomkhulu lasePalestine ngolwesiThathu kwindibano ebibanjelwe eIstanbul. Ukuphendula okwangoku kwisigqibo sikaMongameli uTrump sokusamkela isixeko njengekomkhulu lakwa-Israyeli. Ukuqokelelwa kwamalungu angama-57 oMbutho weNtsebenziswano yamaSilamsi kubanjelwe ukwenza impendulo emanyeneyo evela kwilizwe lamaSilamsi kwisigqibo sikaMnu Trump kwiveki ephelileyo ”.
Isikhokelo sabahambi Solo
E-Rosenbloom, izixhobo ezitsha kunye nezakho zabahambi ngeeSolo, ii-nytimes (12/15/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Ukusuka kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali ukuya kwii-brand zodidi, iinkampani eziqeshisayo ukuya kwiihotele, amaqela aliqela eshishini anike ingxelo yokuphinda-phinda amanani amabini kuhambo lokuhamba wedwa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo… Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu abathatha iihambo ngokuHamba ngokungenadyudyu, malunga nabantu abangama-75,000 ngonyaka, ngoku bahamba bodwa… Ngapha koko, akukho lula ukufumana iinkampani ezijonga iimfuno neemfuno zabantu abahamba bodwa. Umzekelo, abahambi bodwa kudala bekufuneka bahlawule isongezelelo esinye ukuba bafuna igumbi labo… Kukho, nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkampani ezihlala zinika izithuba zodwa ezinesongezo esisezantsi okanye esingenazo kuhambo oluthile ”.
Ukuphanga Amazwe Akwethu
KwiBhodi yoHlelo, ukuphangwa kwamazwe oluntu aseMelika, amaxesha (12/9/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “ukhuselo lubekwe kwesiqingatha senkulungwane sokugqibela ngawo omabini amaqela ezopolitiko ukuqinisekisa abantu baseMelika umoya ococekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo kunye nentabalala evulekileyo Isithuba besisoloko sivela ngokwahlukeneyo okoko uMongameli uTrump ethathe isikhundla. Iiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo bezikhohlakele ngokukodwa kulondolozo lwendalo, kwaye, ewe, nawuphina umntu okholelwa ukuba iziqwenga zamazwe oluntu aseMelika, nokuba zityebile kangakanani na kwezorhwebo, zezona zilungileyo zikwimeko yazo. NgoMvulo, uMnu.Trump urhoxe kumhlaba wesikhumbuzo eUtah malunga nezigidi ezibini zeehektare zomhlaba omangalisayo… Oku kulandele isigqibo seNdlu yeeNgwevu kule veki iphelileyo sokugunyazisa ukubhola ioyile kumathafa aselunxwemeni eArctic National Wildlife Refuge, indawo egcwele izilwanyana zasendle, ukubaluleka kobuqhetseba koososayensi bezendalo kunye nokubaluleka okukhulu kwezoqoqosho kumaNative American ”.
AmaMerika Omthonyama Amangalela Ngeendlebe
Kwizizwe zamakhaya zimangalela uTrump malunga ne-Bears Ears Monument, i-travelwirenews (12/9/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Ilungu leBhunga leSizwe laseNavajo, u-Filfred woyika ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni malunga neehektare ezingama-547,000 (i-1.35 yezigidi zeehektare) I-Utah izaliswe ziindawo zemibhiyozo, iindawo zokuhlala, ubugcisa bamatye kunye nemithombo yenkcubeko eyaqala kumawakawaka eminyaka eminyaka. '.
Imbali yehotele yasePierre
Kwihotele yasePierre: Uluhlu oluphezulu lwamaxabiso endawo yokuhlala yase-NY kwizigidi ezili-125 zeedola, ii -wirewirenews (12/9/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Ngaba ufunde kunyaka ophelileyo ukuba indlu yokuhlala kathathu ePierre Hotel eNew York City yayithengiswa ngeedola ezili-125 yezigidi, elona xabiso liphezulu lakha ladweliswa kwindawo yokuhlala eNew York? Kwi-13,660 yeenyawo zenyawo, oko kusebenza ukuya kuma- $ 9,150 ngonyawo wesikwere… Ngexesha loDandatheko, ihotele iPierre yaya kungena njengongenamali ngo-1932 yaza yathengwa kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva ngu-oyile uJ. Paul Getty ngezigidi ezi- $ 2.5. Ngo-1958, uGetty waguqula uPierre waba ngumdibaniselwano kwaye emva koko wathengisa ezinye zeesuti zehotele kubantu abafana noGary Grant no-Elizabeth Taylor ”.
Ityala lomthetho wokuhamba ngeveki
Kwityala lasePellham iNkundla iqaphele ukuba “uMelanie Wells wamema uBrian Pellham kunye neqabane lakhe lasekhaya ukuba bazimanye naye kunye nabanye abathathu kuhambo lokuzonwabisa olungahlawulelwanga oludada uMlambo iYakima. I-Wells yalungiselela uhambo kunye nezixhobo ezigciniweyo kunye nezothutho ezisuka kwi-Let Go Tubing, Inc. NgoJulayi 30, 2011, uBrian Pellham wadibana nepati ye-Wells kwindawo yokuhlanganisana ye-Let Go Tubing's Umtanum, apho ulinde khona ezinye izigaxa. Phambi kokukhwela ibhasi, umntu ngamnye othathe inxaxheba utyikitye ukukhutshwa koxanduva kunye nefomathi yomngcipheko. UPellham waziva engxamile, kodwa wayifunda wayityikitya le fomu ”.
Ifom yokuKhupha
"Ifomu ebonelelweyo (ngokuyinxenye): Mna, umqeshi wezixhobo zokurenta, ndicinga kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba ukuthambisa imilambo kunganobungozi, kwaye amatye, iinkuni, iibhlorho, izityalo, abanye abantu, abanye ubugcisa bamanzi, ukubonakaliswa zizinto, iiyantlukwano kubunzulu bamanzi kunye nesantya samanje, kunye nezinye izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nezinye iingozi okanye imiqobo ikhona kwimimandla engasemlanjeni… Ndiyaqonda ukuba ukutyibilika, ukuwa, ukuphaphazela nezinye iingozi ziyenzeka kwaye ukwenzakala okukhulu okanye ukufa kunokubangela…
Ngokuthathela ingqalelo oku kuqeshisa… ndikhupha oku… Masihambe Tubing, Inc…. Kuwo nawaphi na amabango kunye namatyala avela okanye ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sokurenta ”.
Umthi owileyo ezantsi
“{B] ngenxa yomphantsi womlambo (ummangalelwa) wathutha uBrian Pellham, amalungu eqela lakhe kunye nabanye abathengi iikhilomitha ezisibhozo ukunyuka ukuya eRinger Loop… Ngexesha lothutho, uSteff Thomas, umqhubi webhasi yeTubing, uxelele uMelanie Wells abanye bahleli ngaphambili ebhasini ukutyhalela embindini womlambo, nje ukuba aqalise, kuba umthi owileyo wawuthintela umlambo kwangoko ezantsi kodwa ungabonakali kwindawo yokumilisela… UThomas akazange amlumkise uPellham ngalo mthi uthintelayo. ”.
Ingozi
"Kwindawo yokwazisa, Masihambe iTubing inike umntu ngamnye iFrisbee ayisebenzise njengephedi. UBrian Pellham ucele ibhatyi yobomi, kodwa uSteff Thomas akamhoyanga. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilishumi elinesihlanu zangena kuqala emlanjeni. UPellham nabanye abane balandela kwiqela lesibini kunye neetyhubhu zabo ziboshwe kunye. Badibana nomsinga okhawulezayo. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba i-flotilla yabahlanu ijikeleze ukugoba kokuqala emlanjeni, babona umthi owileyo uwela phakathi emlanjeni. Amasebe amaninzi avela kwisiqu somthi. Ngamnye wabhexa ngomsindo ngeFrisbee yakhe, kodwa iinqanawa ezintlanu zeetyhubhu zabetha umthi. UBrian Pellham wawubamba umthi ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo kwaye wazama ukujikeleza umthi. Okwangoku kutsala iityhubhu zangaphakathi kwaye uPellham wawela ngasemva emlanjeni. Ukuwa kwaphula indlebe kaPellham. I-Pellham yangoku inyanzelisiweyo phantsi komthi kunye nenqanaba lamanzi. Xa uPellham evuka kwakhona, intloko yakhe yabetha isebe elikhulu. Womeleza isabhokhwe. Isifuba sakhe naso sabetha kwisebe. UBrian Pellham wadada waya elunxwemeni kwaye wagqiba uhambo lwakhe lomlambo. U-Pellham uxelele uSteff Thomas ngokudibana kwakhe okuyingozi kwaye umqhubi uvumile ukuba uyazi ngomthi owileyo kodwa imithetho ithintele i-Let Go Tubing isuse umqobo. UBrian Pellham kamva wenziwa utyando lwentamo. Ingozi ikwabangela umonakalo kwidiski esemqolo osezantsi kwaye umonakalo udala iintlungu eziphuma kunyawo lwasekhohlo ”.
Ityala kunye nezoKhuselo
“UBrian Pellham wamangalela MasiyokuTyhubela ngokusilela ngokungakhathali ukulumkisa kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko lwaBathengi… ukophula umthetho. Masihambe iTubing iphendule isikhalazo kwaye yonyusa ukuzikhusela kubandakanya nokukhutshwa koxanduva kunye nokucinga komngcipheko. Inkampani yafaka isindululo sokugxothwa kwesigwebo ngokusekwe ekukhululweni nasekucingeni komngcipheko.
Ukucinga Ngomngcipheko
“Ibango lokungakhathali lifuna ukuba ummangali aqinisekise (1) ubukho bemfanelo ayityalwayo, (2) ukwaphula loo msebenzi, (3) ukwenzakala okukhokelelekileyo kunye (4) nesizathu esisondeleyo phakathi kolwandle kunye nomonzakalo… ingaba umsebenzi ukhona ngumbuzo womthetho… Sibambe oko, ngenxa yokucinga kukaBrian Pellham komngcipheko wemithi ewileyo emanzini, Masihambe iTubing, njengomthetho, yayingenamsebenzi wokulumkisa uPellham ngengozi, okanye Ubuncinci, inkampani erentisayo ibinomsebenzi othintelweyo kuphela ukuba ungonzakalisi ngabom uPellham okanye ungaziphathi kakubi ".
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuQikelela umngcipheko
“Veza ingqikelelo yomngcipheko ovela xa ummangali evuma ngokucacileyo ukukhulula ummangalelwa kwityala lakhe elityalwa ngummangalelwa kummangali ngokubhekisele kwimingcipheko ethile eyaziwayo… Ingcinga ephambili yomngcipheko ilandela kummangali ozibandakanya nokuziphatha okuyingozi, apho umthetho uchaza imvume . … Kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubungozi obungenangqiqo, ngokuchaseneyo, akugxili kakhulu kuxanduva kunye nokungakhathali kommangalelwa njengakwimeko eqhubekayo yokungaqiqeki kokuziphatha kommangali ekuthatheni umngcipheko ... ugxa wakhe kummangali uthatha umngcipheko, kodwa wenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokwenza njalo ”.
Ukuqikelelwa komngcipheko wobungozi
“Ngoku sigxile kumngcipheko wokucingelwa komngcipheko (othi uthintele ibango elibangelwe yimingcipheko ethile eyaziwayo nexabisekileyo ecingelwa ukuba ithathwa rhoqo phambi kwako nakuphi na ukungakhathali kommangalelwa… Imvume yommangali yokukhulula ummangalelwa kuwo nawuphina umsebenzi ichaziwe ngokusekwe kummangali Isigqibo sokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ebandakanya umngcipheko owaziwayo… Umntu othabatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo uthatha umngcipheko okhoyo kwezemidlalo… .Ukuba ngaba ingozi yomngcipheko iyenzeka kuxhomekeke ekubeni ummangali walimala ngumngcipheko womsebenzi… umzekelo weklasikhi wokucinga ngomngcipheko ubandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezemidlalo xa umntu othabatha inxaxheba esazi ukuba umngcipheko wokwenzakala yinxalenye yendalo yenxaxheba… Ingcinga eyingozi inwenwela nakwezemidlalo yamanzi… Olu qikelelo lomngcipheko lubandakanya iityhubhu zangaphakathi kunye nephenyane (icaphula) Rekhoda v. Isizathu, 73 Cal. App. 4, 472 (1999); Ferrari v. Bob's Canoe Rentals, Inc., 143 AD 3d 937 (2016); DeWick v. Village of Penn Ya n, 275 AD 2d 1011 (2000)). Imijelo yamanzi isoloko itshintsha, kwaye iimeko ezitshintshayo emanzini azikuguquli ukuqikelela komngcipheko… Akukho xanduva lokulumkisa ngobukho beemeko zendalo ezidlulayo ”.
Ukusilela Ukulumkisa
"UBrian Pellham utyhola ukuba Masihambe sihambe ngokungakhathali ngenxa yokumthumela kunye nabanye kumbhobho wamanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza enomthi ophantsi embindini wamanzi ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Masihambe Ukutyibilika akubanga mngcipheko kwaye akunakususa umngcipheko… Masihambe iTubing ayenziwanga senzo sidale umjelo okhawulezayo okanye wagawula ilog emanzini. Amatyala awala isicelo sokucinga okusemngciphekweni abandakanya isenzo esifanelekileyo sommangalelwa njengokufakwa kweposti okanye ityotyombe elikufutshane nokubaleka ski… Umntu angatsho ukuba ukusilela kukaTubing ukulumkisa kwandise umngcipheko kwilog eweleyo kuMlambo iYakima… .uBrian Pellham akabonisi bungqina bokuba abaqeshi bezinto zamanzi ngokwesiko bayalumkisa ngezinto eziwileyo zendalo emanzini ”.
isiphelo
Uxwebhu olutyikitywe nguBrian Pellham luqulathe imigaqo ukongeza ekukhululweni kwe-Lets Go Tubing kwityala. Kwisixhobo, uPellham ukwaqaphele ukuba iingozi zokuntywila kwemilambo kubandakanya ukubakho kwamatye, iinkuni, izityalo kunye nokwahluka kubunzulu bamanzi kunye nesantya sangoku. U-Pellham uvumile ukuthatha uxanduva olupheleleyo kuwo wonke umngcipheko obandakanyeka kwimibhobho yomlambo… Nangona singasekeli ekubambeni kwethu ngokucacileyo ekucingeni komngcipheko, siyaqaphela ukuba ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kweengozi kulumkise uPellham ngobungozi obuzelwe kukuthwala kwaye ezo ngozi zikhokelele kwi-Pellham's ukwenzakala… (ngokubhekisele kummangali wokungakhathali okukhulu) Asifumani zigqibo zangaphandle apho inkundla ibambelela khona ukuba unobangela wokungakhathali uyasinda kwisicelo sobungozi obunobungozi kwimeko yezemidlalo okanye ulonwabo lwangaphandle… thina j0in eminye imithetho ngokunyanzela umgangatho wangabom nongakhathaliyo, endaweni yomgangatho wokungakhathali, ummangali uthatha umngcipheko weengozi zemidlalo okanye imisebenzi yangaphandle ”.
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, liLungu leZibheno elidla umhlala-phantsi kwiCandelo leZibheno, kwiSebe lesiBini leNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York kwaye ebhala malunga noMthetho wokuHamba kangangeminyaka engama-41 kubandakanya neencwadi zakhe zomthetho ezihlaziyiweyo minyaka le, uMthetho woKhenketho, iLaw Journal Journal. (2016), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2016) nangaphezulu kwamanqaku angama-400 asemthethweni uninzi lwawo afumaneka nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Ukufumana iindaba ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho wokuhamba kunye nophuhliso, ngakumbi, kumazwe angamalungu e-EU jonga IFTTA.org
Eli nqaku alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.
Funda ezininzi ze Amanqaku kaJustice Dickerson apha.
