Isihloko esisembindini walo mbhaleli yiyo yonke imiba ejikeleze imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi aseUganda, icandelo eliphambili lendalo kunye nokhenketho olusekelwe kwizilwanyana zasendle, kunye nomthombo wengqesho kunye nokuhamba kwemali kuluntu oluhlala kufuphi neendawo "ezikhuselweyo" ukuba zinikwe inkxaso echanekileyo kunye noqeqesho lokwenza ingeniso ezinzileyo kubatyeleli abakhenkethi abaze kubona iintaka, izityalo, kunye nezilwanyana.
Kutshanje izikhukhula ezimandla nezimbi kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemazantsi esixeko zibangelwe kukutshatyalaliswa kwemigxobhozo kunye neendawo zokuhambisa amanzi endalo ezikhokelela kwiLake Victoria, imeko etyholwa ngabacwangcisi besixeko abangenamabhongo - abezopolitiko ababenebhongo ngaphambili bathembisa umhlaba kubavoti babo kunye namahlwempu. ukubeka esweni nokunyanzeliswa kwamaqumrhu karhulumente, iiarhente, kunye namagunya anikwe umsebenzi wokukhusela imigxobhozo, imigxobhozo kunye nemimandla enamahlathi ekungeneni kuyo nasekutshatyalalisweni.
Urhulumente akazange enze nceba kulo mba ngoguquko lwabo lokuphinda-phinda kwakhona xa kwaziwa ukuba ikota yehlathi iMabira – yona ngokwayo eyinqaba enkulu yesizwe yamanzi kunye nommandla ofumana imvula – yayiza kunikwa inkampani yeswekile. “simahla,” ngoxa kwaloo nkampani inye ngenkani yawakhaba ngawo omane amacebiso okuqeshisa umhlaba ngezivumelwano zorhwebo kubanini-mhlaba nakumafama njengoko yayingafanelanga iqhinga labo “lokuwaphatha” amasimi abo emoba, kwanangeendleko zokutshabalalisa amahlathi ashinyeneyo akweleenjiko. UMabira usindisiwe ekugqibeleni, ngeendleko zobomi ngexesha loqhanqalazo lukaMabira eKampala beluqhushululu, basindiswe okwangoku njengoko urhulumente kusafuneka aphume ngokusesikweni kwaye abhengeze ukuba uMabira uza kushiyeka yedwa ngokusisigxina yeyantlukwano yezinto eziphilayo; iinqobo zayo zokhenketho; ukubaluleka kwawo “njengomphunga oluhlaza” kumgama nje omfutshane ukusuka eKampala enemizi-mveliso nengcolisekileyo; njengenqaba yamanzi kunye nommandla ogcina amanzi ondla imilambo esisigxina kunye nokukhupha amanzi kwiLake Victoria; kananjalo njengomthombo wezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kunye nokuba likhaya lentaphane yeentaka kunye nezilwanyana zasendle, eziquka iiprimates, izityalo zamayeza, kunye nezilwanyana ezibonwa njengengaqhelekanga.
Umkhondo wendalo, iziko lolwazi lwabatyeleli, umzila webhayisekile, kwaye ingakumbi iRain Forest Lodge ephumelele ibhaso ngoku itsalela amanani akhulayo abakhenkethi, izityholo zabaceli bangaphambili “zokunikela” zokuba ukhenketho alunakuze luncede. iinzuzo, ezinokuveliswa ngokukhula kommoba kweli candelo lehlathi. Ewe kunjalo, abazange bavumele ixabiso lokusingqongileyo le-Mabira engaguqukiyo kunye neenzuzo zayo zexesha elide kubantu abahlala kufuphi nakude.
Noko ke, amanye amahlathi eli lizwe, aye alahlekelwa yimimandla emikhulu ngenxa yokugawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo evula indlela kubahlali abangakumbi ngokungekho mthethweni abazama isandla sabo ekulimeni, ngephulo lokutshabalalisa umhlaba ongakumbi wamahlathi xa emva koko begawula imithi engakumbi ukuze bakhulise izityalo zabo, emva kokugawula imithi eyongezelelekileyo. iifama ebezifudula zingenamveliso kwaye zivelisa kancinane emva kwezivuno ezibini okanye ezithathu kuphela.
Esinye isoyikiso esandayo kumahlathi kunye nemimandla exhaphake kakhulu imithi kukukhula kwemfuno yamalahle neenkuni. Abahlali abaninzi basezidolophini abangakwaziyo ukudityaniswa nombane kufuneka basebenzise iinkuni okanye amalahle ekuphekeni imihla ngemihla, kodwa ukwanda kokufuduka kwabantu besuka emaphandleni besiya ezidolophini kuye kwanyusa imfuno kunye namaxabiso eenkuni namalahle kule minyaka idlulileyo, athe aphindaphindeka ngokulula kabini ukuba akaphindanga kathathu. – kodwa le iseyeyona ndlela ingabiziyo xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso lombane weemitha, nto leyo uninzi lwabantu baseUganda abangakwaziyo ukuyifikelela. Ngelixa ii-NGOs kunye nemibutho enxulumeneyo ngaphambili iye yasasaza ukusetyenziswa kwezipheki zelanga kunye nee-"jikos" eziphuculwe ngokobuchwepheshe okanye izitshisi zamalahle, oku kube nefuthe elilinganiselweyo kwimfuno yabantu abakhula ngokukhawuleza.
I-Uganda ngoku ingene kwixesha kwimbali yayo apho ukusetyenziswa kweenkuni zokubasa kunye/okanye amaplanga kukugqithise kakhulu ukukhula kwamahlathi amatsha okanye ukuphinda kutshatyalaliswe amahlathi e-acreage esetyenziselwe urhwebo, kwaye imeko elusizi nentshabalalo ngoku iza ngaphaya komda. , apho kwisithuba seminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuba akuyekwa ngoku kuze kuthotywe ngemigaqo-nkqubo, kunokushiya iUganda igalele amahlathi ashinyeneyo yaye ityekele ekuhambeleni phambili kummandla oyintlango, isiya emazantsi isuka eSahara sele isiya ngamandla.
Idatha epapashwe kumajelo eendaba asekhaya ithetha ngelahleko enkulu yamahlathi kwindawo ezikufutshane neKampala kunye ne-Entebbe-Kampala-Mukono-Jinja axis, apho umzekelo isithili sase-Wakiso, esiphakathi kwe-Kampala ne-Entebbe, siphulukene neepesenti ezingama-90. amahlathi asabonwa kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Nditsho nesithili saseKibaale, ikhaya lePaki yeSizwe yaseKibaale, edume kwihlabathi liphela ngokuba nezilwanyana eziziinkwethu, iphulukene nesiqingatha sehlathi layo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, ibangela inkxalabo kubalondolozi bendalo kunye nabaphathi bezilwanyana zasendle kunye nabachaphazelekayo kwezokhenketho malunga nendlela yokumisa. umkhwa kwaye ujike ukuze kulungelwe wonke umntu. Enyanisweni, kwakuse-Kibaale apho uGunyaziwe wezamaHlathi weSizwe wagxotha amakhulukhulu abahlali bamahlathi ngokungekho mthethweni kumahlathi aphantsi kolawulo lwabo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kodwa baxelelwa ngoosopolitiki ukuba banyathele kancinci, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kuphinde kuhlaziywe amacandelo ala mahlathi kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba umbutho wezopolitiko unyathele. Iingxelo zaphindwa kwizikhululo zikanomathotholo ezisasaza kwindawo leyo.
Izithili ezisecaleni kwendlela esuka eKampala isiya eKibaale, oko kukuthi, iMityana kunye neMubende, nazo zinika ingxelo yelahleko yehlathi eliphakathi kwama-60 ukuya kuma-80 eepesenti, imiqondiso eyothusayo kurhulumente nemibutho echaphazelekayo yokuba ixesha lokuthatha amanyathelo ngoku kungenjalo konke kungalahleka. .
Ukujikela kwimigxobhozo kunye neendlela ezinkulu zokuhambisa amanzi eziya eLake Victoria
Izikhukula zamva nje kwikomkhulu, ezibangelwe kukuvaleka kwemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle kwebhunga lesixeko njengokwakhiwa kwindawo eyayifudula iyimigxobhozo, ziqhubele phambili umyalezo obukhali kwabo bachaphazelekileyo, ootata besixeko, kunye norhulumente ngokubanzi, ukuba ngaphandle kokuba kwangoko Amanyathelo okuchasa athathiweyo, le meko izakwenzeka kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibe mandundu, njengoko iipatheni eziguqukayo zemozulu zisonakalisa ngakumbi okufanayo nakuthi.
I-Kampala, kwimihla yakudala, yayakhiwe njengeRoma kwiinduli ezinkulu ze-7, kwaye iindawo ezisezantsi zazithintelwa njengoko zikhukula ngokulula ngexesha lemvula, ngokuqhelekileyo zazinomgxobhozo, kwaye zikhupha amanzi ukuya echibini. Noko ke, kuyaqondakala ukuba ebudeni bolawulo lobuzwilakhe ongasekhoyo u-Idi Amin, isilumkiso nobulumko babadala baphoswa emoyeni, xa kwatyhilwa amacebo amakhulu okuguqula imigxobhozo ibe yimimandla yemizi-mveliso kuze kuvulwe ezo ndawo ukuze kwakhiwe iindlela. kunye nezindlu. Emva kokuba loo mzekelo ubekiwe, kwakubonakala ngathi akukho kumisa "uphuhliso" emva koko, ngakumbi njengomthetho kunye nocwangco, okokuqala ngexesha lolawulo lwesiphithiphithi kwaye emva koko ukubhukuqwa kuka-Amin kwaye emva koko ngexesha lemfazwe yenkululeko yaqhutywa kulawulo lobuzwilakhe olwathi lwalushiya. Unyanzeliso-mthetho lwebhunga lungenamazinyo – ngaphandle kokuba lubaxabanisa abo bangayihlawuliyo intlawulo yerhafu. Isebe lokucwangcisa lesixeko nalo lalingananzwa, njengoko uninzi lwezindlu ezakhiwayo ngoko zazityeshela iimfuneko zomthetho zokufumana imvume yokucwangcisa kunye neendawo zazo kunye neeplani zokwakha zamkelwe.
Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, eneneni, ibhunga lesixeko liyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngetayitile kunye nokuqeshisa kwiindawo ezithathelwa ingqalelo njengemigxobhozo, ibeka abaqeshisi kunye nabanini kwikhondo lokungqubana nemibutho efana ne-NEMA, yona ehlala ibonwa njengenja engenamazinyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo indlela encinci abayenzileyo. kwiminyaka edlulileyo ukuthintela ukunyanzeliswa okunzulu kwendawo emanzi yaseKonge phakathi kwendawo yaseKansanga kunye neBunga / Gaba, nangona ii-imeyile ezininzi ezidlulileyo kunye neefowuni zabahlali abachaphazelekayo kunye nabadlulayo. Igunya endaweni yoko lithathe iiprojekthi ezimbalwa ezikwanti nezibonakala kakhulu ecaleni kweKawuku inxalenye yeBunga, lizishiya livuleleke kwizigxeko zokuba likhetha kwaye lisebenza ngokwezikhokelo ezingacacanga, likhetha ezinye ngelixa lishiya ezinye ezikufutshane zingaphathwa.
Ukuvela kweefama zeentyatyambo kuye kwaba nefuthe kunxweme lweLake Victoria phakathi kweKampala kunye ne-Entebbe, apho imigxobhozo iye yangenelwa ukuba ayitshatyalaliswanga, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba iintaka ezifudukayo zibe ziindawo zazo ezihlala ziphumla kunye nokunciphisa inani leentaka ezibonayo - ngokutsho kweNature Uganda kunye neminye imibutho efanayo. , kubandakanywa nezikhokelo zeentaka ezinobuchule - malunga neepesenti ezingama-80. Iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide kunye neehotele zazakhiwe zaba yimigxobhozo ecaleni kwaloo manxweme, zidalwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma. Ukubuyisela loo wotshi umva ngoku akunakwenzeka, kokubini emthethweni nanjengenyani yezopolitiko, njengoko kungekho nanye kwezi zigidigidi zeerandi ze-Uganda zotyalo-mali ezinokuyalelwa ukuba zisuswe kwiindawo zabo.
Eminye imimandla yeli chibi ngoku ibonisa amanqanaba awonyukayo ongcoliseko lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuhamba kwezichumiso. Imimandla emikhulu igutyungelwe bubulembu obubhityileyo, kwaye iindawo zokuzala kweentlanzi ngokwesithethe azifanelekanga ukuba zingazala, nto leyo eshiya umbuzo phezu kweentlanzi ezisechibini, esele ziqwalaselwe elunxwemeni emva kweminyaka phantse yokuloba okungalawulekiyo.
Iziko eliphambili lenkampani yamanzi kuzwelonke eGaba libone imicelimngeni evela kolu phuhliso, nalo. Ukuguquguquka kumanqanaba amanzi echibi kwenze ukuba kube yimfuneko ukubeka iindawo zabo zokutsala amanzi ngakumbi nangaphaya ukuya echibini, kwaye ungcoliseko olufunyenwe emanzini lunyuse igalelo lekhemikhali elifunekayo kunye neendleko ezilandelayo ngokuphinda-phinda, ukuze kubonelelwe ngesixeko amanzi okusela akhuselekileyo, ngaphandle kokungakwazi ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo kwasekuqaleni ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo lwabemi.
Abahlali abaninzi, ke ngoko, babhenela kumaqula namaqula, akhuselekile kude kube phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90s kodwa ngoku abonakalisa iimpawu zokunyuka kongcoliseko, nto leyo ebeka abantu abasebenzisa loo manzi emngciphekweni wezifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi kwaye ibashiya bengenandlela yokuzikhethela, njengoko amanzi aphuma kwimibhobho esoloko engekho. ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo esixekweni nakwiindawo ezisingqongileyo.
Umothuko wezikhukula zakutsha nje zishiye urhulumente egxalathelana kwimisebenzi, kodwa lixesha kuphela eliya kuxela ngoku ukuba, kwaye nini, ukubuyiselwa kwemigxobhozo kunye nokususwa kweendawo ezihlala kuzo ngokungekho semthethweni ukuze indalo iphinde ithathe indlela yayo yokuqala. .
Ingxelo yamva nje enxulumene nalo mbhaleli, apho abahlali belali ezikumantla welizwe bebehlanganisene ukubuyisela imigxobhozo yabo ekufutshane ukuthomalalisa iingxaki ezibangelwa kukulinywa ngokugqithisileyo nokulinywa kwezityalo, ibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukurhoxisa lo mkhwa, kodwa kuyafuneka. kungekuphela nje iimfuno zetekhnoloji, kodwa nentando yezopolitiko kunye nokuzimisela kwinqanaba lelizwe liphela, ukusindisa ikamva lesizwe.
Ngaphaya komda, iingxoxo ezifanayo ziyagquba phezu kwehlathi laseMau nakwamanye amahlathi nawo ayexhatshaziwe. Apho, njengalapha, kukunqongophala kwentando yezopolitiko kunye nokuzimisela okuye kwaba ngumqobo omkhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Izizukulwana ezizayo aziyi kusibulela, kwaye abagcini bangoku bezinto zethu zendalo baya kuvumela indawo yethu ukuba iye kwizinja zemizekeliso, ngoko ke kuxhomekeke kuthi kunye neenkokheli zethu zezopolitiko zanamhlanje ukujonga ngaphaya kwemijikelo yonyulo olulandelayo kwaye senze oko kuyimfuneko. ukukhusela nokubuyisela amahlathi nemigxobhozo yethu.
Umzi-mveliso wezokhenketho wengingqi uxhomekeke kuwo namhlanje nangomso, kodwa ilizwe kunye nabazukulwana bethu kunye nezizukulwana zixhomekeke kwisenzo namhlanje, ngomso, nangeentsuku ezizayo, kwaye ukuba siyasilela namhlanje, siyasilela ngonaphakade, njengoko oku kunokuba njalo. Ithuba lethu lokugqibela lokudlala indima yethu kwisikimu sehlabathi sokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemozulu yasendle, njengoko siyibona isenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Akwanelanga ukuba senze ingxolo efanelekileyo kakhulu eCopenhagen kwaye silungiselele ingxolo enjalo eMexico kumjikelo olandelayo weentetho zemozulu, ukuba asikwazi ukubeka izindlu zethu apha eMpuma Afrika ngokulandelelana kuqala.
Ndivuyisana nabantu baseRwanda ngemigudu yabo yokuzimisela ekubuyiseleni amahlathi kulo lonke “ilizwe leenduli eziliwaka.” yaye ndikhuthaza iUganda, iKenya, iTanzania, iBurundi, iSudan esemazantsi, ne-Ethiopia ukuba zenze okufanayo nokumisela umzekelo kubazalwana bethu abakumazantsi eAfrika nakwezinye iindawo zelizwekazi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngoku kufuneka kube limfuno zethu kwiinkokeli zezopolitiko phambi kwamaxesha onyulo lwethu olulandelayo. Ukubuyisela imigxobhozo, ukuzibophelela kwezona zenzo zilungileyo zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukhusela ikamva lethu kunye nekamva lezizukulwana ezizayo kufanele kube lilifa naliphi na ithemba lezopolitiko elifanele ukulibhala phantsi.
