I-TWA ibuyele kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iJFK: Lala uzolile

Ngomhla we-15 kaMeyi ngo-2019, i-TWA Hotel yaseNew York yavulwa kwisikhululo senqwelomoya iJohn F. Kennedy. Ngeendleko ezingaphezulu kwe- $ 250 yezigidi, amaphiko amabini amatsha ehotele aqukethe amagumbi eendwendwe angama-512 akhiwa ngasemva kwendawo ephawulekayo yeTrans World Airlines Flight Centre eyilwe ngumzobi owaziwayo, u-Eero Saarinen owaqala ukuvula ngo-1962.

USaarinen wazalwa ngo-1910 eFinland wafudukela e-United States ngo-1923. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokufundela umsebenzi kunye notata wakhe - umakhi omkhulu we-Art Deco u-Eliel Saarinen-kwaye waba ngomnye wabakhi abaluleke kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20. . Ukusebenza ikakhulu e-US, wadala uninzi lwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo:

• IHolo lomculo laseKleinhaus eBuffalo, NY (1940), Esi sakhiwo sasiyintsebenziswano kunyana nonyana.
• Iziko leNkomfa i-Cummins Inc. Irwin, eColumbus, eIndiana (1954)
• IMIT Chapel, eCambridge, eMassachusetts (1955)
• IZiko lobuGcisa, iWarren, eMichigan (1956)
• Indlu yeMiller kunye negadi, eColumbus, eIndiana (1957)
• IZiko leMikhumbuzo leMfazwe yaseMilwaukee County, eMilwaukee, eWisconsin (1957)
• S. Embassy, ​​eLondon, eNgilani (1960)
• Isikhululo senqwelomoya saseWashington Dulles, eDulles, eVirginia (1962)
• Ukwakhiwa kwe-CBS, eNew York, NY (1965)
• I-Archway Arch, eSt. Louis, eMissouri (1965)

Isikhululo seenqwelomoya i-TWA Flight Centre yayiyenye yeeprojekthi ezininzi zaseSaarinen ezigqityiweyo emva kokubhubha kwakhe ngo-1961. Le opus magnum intle kangaka yathatha ukumila kwentaka enkulu equka intelekelelo kunye namabali esayensi.

Ngo-1994, itheminali yantlandlolo yeTWA yabhengezwa njengendawo ephawulwe sisixeko yiKhomishini yoLondolozo lweMpawu zeMihlaba yaseNew York ethintele ukudilizwa kwayo. Ngo-2005, iNational Park Service yabhala kwiRejista kaZwelonke yeNgingqi.

Ukongeza kumagumbi abatyeleli angama-512 ezi zakhiwo zimbini zintsha ziqulathe i-50,000 yeenyawo zendawo yokuhlangana, iivenkile zokutyela ezintandathu, imyuziyam yezembali yenqwelomoya, echibini elingaphezulu kophahla, indawo yokujonga, indawo yokuqina yomgangatho weenyawo ezili-10,000 1649 kunye nenqwelomoya yenqwelomoya eyiLokheed Constellation L-4,000A kwigumbi lokuphumla. Kukho iindawo zokupaka ezingama-XNUMX kunye noQeqesho lomoya kwezinye iiterminal zeJFK.

Abahambi abadlula kwiJFK banokukhetha umbono wenqanawa okanye indawo ephawuleka iSaarinen. Iwebsite yehotele ithembisa ukuba amagumbi "athe cwaka" ngenxa yeendonga zeglasi. Kodwa akubizi mali ukuhamba kwaye wonwabele ingaphakathi elibabazekayo lesiphelo sendawo yokuqala, ngoku yindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe.

Ezinye izinto zibandakanya iivenkile zaseShinola kunye nezeWarby Parker, indawo yekhofi ye-Intelligentsia, kunye nendawo yokutyela yompheki uJean-Georges Vongerichten.

Ihotele igcwele ifanitshala yexesha eyilelwe nguWarren Platner, Isamu Noguchi, kunye noRaymond Loewy kunye noSaarinen. Iqela lokulungisa lijolise kwiinkcukacha zoyilo ngokusondeleyo kangangokuba laqesha i-Pentagram yoyilo lwegraphic ukwenza i-typeface entsha yehotele, ngokusekwe kweleta ebisetyenziswa nguSaarinen kwasekuqaleni kwisiphelo. Uninzi lweenkcukacha zentsusa zeTWA Flight Centre, ezinje ngeethayile zomgangatho weceramic kunye neepaneli zeefestile ezimile ngokwahlukeneyo ezingama-486 ziye zathatyathelwa indawo yimibhalo yokuqala. Ezi nkcukacha zenzelwe ukunika ihotele i-1960s- vibe era kunye nesibane sobhedu, iifenitshala ene-walnut kunye neefowuni ezijikelezayo. Ibhodi enkulu yokuhamba, umboniso owahluliweyo owenziwe e-Itali yiNkampani yeSolari ebiyinxalenye yesakhiwo ukusukela oko kuvulwa iZiko lokubhabha ngo-1962, yabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo njengenxalenye yeprojekthi yehotele.

Iprojekthi yangoku yintsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala phakathi kwe-MCR kunye noPhuhliso lweMorse, iJet Blue kunye neGunya leZibuko laseNew York naseNew Jersey. Yayixhaswa ngasese ngaphandle kwenkxaso karhulumente. Ukuyilwa ngokutsha, okonganyelwa nguBeyer Blinder Belle Architects kunye naBacwangcisi, ayiphendulanga kuphela indawo yokugcina eyimbali kwigumbi lokungenela ihotele kodwa yongeza amaphiko amabini (ayilwe yiBrooklyn eseLubrano Ciavarra Architects) kwigumbi lokundwendwela lepropathi nakwiziko lemisitho yeenyawo ezingama-50,000. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuyilo lweeprojekthi, utshilo uCiavarra, wayehlonipha uyilo olulinganayo lwesakhiwo saseSaarinen njengoko kongezwa izinto zenkulungwane yama-21. "Iindwendwe kunye neendwendwe ehotele ziya kuba nakho ukonwabela amava esakhiwo saseSaarinen njengoko sasiyilwe kwasekuqaleni ze bahambe ngeetyhubhu zokubhabha baye kwizakhiwo zethu ezintsha zehotele."

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, ligunya elaziwayo kunye nomcebisi kwishishini lehotele. Uqhuba ihotele yakhe, ukubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubonisana ngokukodwa kulawulo lweeasethi, uphicotho-zincwadi olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokuthengisa ngokuthengisa kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkxaso yesimangalo. Abathengi ngabanini behotele, abatyali mali, kunye namaziko abolekisa ngemali.

“Abayili Bezakhiwo Ezinkulu BaseMelika”

Incwadi yam yesibhozo yehotele ineembali ezilishumi elinambini eziyile iihotele ezingama-94 ukusuka ngo-1878 ukuya kowe-1948: iWarren & Wetmore, iSchultze & Weaver, uJulia Morgan, uEmery Roth, uMcKim, uMead noMhlophe, uHenry J. Hardenbergh, uCarrere kunye noHastings, uMulliken noMoeller, UMary Elizabeth Jane Colter, iTrowbridge kunye no-Livingston, uGeorge B. Post kunye noonyana.

Ezinye iincwadi ezipapashiweyo:

• Ihotele eNkulu yaseMelika: Oovulindlela boShishino lweehotele (2009)
  • Yakhelwe Ukugqibela: Iihotele ezili-100 + zeNdala eNew York (2011)
  • Eyakhelwe ukuGcina: i-100 + zeMinyaka eNdala yeehotele eMpuma ye-Mississippi (2013)
  • Ihotele iMavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar waseWaldorf (2014)
  • I-Great American Hoteliers Umqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini leehotele (2016)
  • Eyakhelwe ukuGcina: i-100 nangaphezulu iihotele ezindala eNtshona eMississippi (2017)
• Ihotele Mavens Umqulu 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

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