Nangona kungekho nkcazelo inye yokhenketho kwaye iirekhodi zeshishini zinokuxhomekeka kwiindlela zengingqi, sinako “ukuqikelela” ukuba umkhenkethi ophakathi uchitha ubuncinci i-US$700 ngohambo. Uqikelelo olulondolozayo lwempembelelo yohambo lunokuba malunga ne-US$700 yebhiliyoni ngonyaka. Ukucinga ukuba la manani achanekile, ngoko ke uqikelelo olufanelekileyo kukuba ukhenketho luvelisa malunga ne-10% yayo yonke imisebenzi yehlabathi.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo elinye lamabinzana athandwayo okhenketho ibilulo “ukhenketho oluzinzileyo.” Nangona eli gama lithandwa, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutolikwa kwentsingiselo yeli binzana. Rhoqo kubonakala ngathi kukho ukudibana phakathi koko kubizwa ngokuba lukhenketho oluzinzileyo kunye nokhenketho olulungele indalo. Ukongeza kobu bunzima, kanye njengokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokhenketho, kukwakho neentlobo ezininzi zokhenketho oluzinzileyo. Umzekelo, ukhenketho oluzinzileyo lwasezidolophini lwahlukile kukhenketho lwasemaphandleni oluzinzileyo, ukhenketho lwasemanzini okanye ukhenketho lwaselwandle. Ubukhulu becala sinokuchaza ukhenketho oluzinzileyo njengendlela yohambo kunye nokhenketho oluvumela abantu bangaphandle ukuba batyelele indawo ngaphandle kokudala impembelelo eyingozi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba abatyeleli batshabalalise oko beze kubona. Ukhenketho oluzinzileyo lufuna ukukhusela inkcubeko, imekobume, uqoqosho kunye nendlela yokuphila yaloo ndawo. Ngaphandle kweenzame eziqhubekayo zabaninzi kushishino lwezokhenketho akukaqinisekwa ukuba le njongo iyafikeleleka. Uninzi lweengcali zentlalo kunye neengcali ze-anthropologists zinokuthi xa umzimba "wangaphandle" okanye into ingene kwi-eco-bio system, loo nkqubo iguqulwa ngonaphakade.
Ukhenketho olulungele indalo lunokuba lula ukuluchaza. Ukhenketho olunobuhlobo nendalo (oludla ngokubhalwa njengegama elinye) lugxininisa kwizinto ezifana neenkcubeko zasekuhlaleni, amava asentlango, okanye ukufunda iindlela ezintsha zokuphila kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Abanye abantu bachaza ukhenketho olulungele i-eco-friendly njengohambo oluya kwiindawo apho umtsalane ophambili ziintyatyambo, izilwanyana, okanye inkcubeko yelifa. Zombini ukhenketho oluzinzileyo kunye ne-eco-tourism izama ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi zento ezikholelwa ukuba ezi ngcali zokhenketho ziziphumo eziyingozi zokhenketho olugqithisileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi abasebenza kukhenketho oluzinzileyo okanye ukhenketho lwendalo baya kuxoxa ngelithi abazami ukuluyeka ukhenketho kodwa endaweni yoko balupakishe ngendlela yokuba impembelelo yokhenketho kwimekobume yendalo yasekhaya neyenkcubeko iya kuba yeyona incinci kakhulu kunokwenzeka. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iindawo eziphambili zokhenketho ezifana neVenice, i-Italiya, iBarcelona, iSpain, kunye neziqithi zase-Ecuador zeGalapagos zibhengeze imithetho emitsha enciphisa inani labakhenkethi kwiindawo zabo nangaliphi na ixesha. Kukwangenxa yesi sizathu ezinzileyo kunye neengcali zokhenketho lwendalo zifuna ukufumana iindlela zokusebenzisa kwakhona inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo kangangoko, ukusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi ngononophelo, ukulawula iindawo zenkunkuma nokuthintela ingxolo, ukukhanya nongcoliseko lwamanzi. Kuba ukhenketho alunakuphila ukuba ukhenketho olugqithisileyo lutshabalalisa ngokuchanekileyo isizathu sokuba abantu batyelele loo ndawo,
Nazi iimbono ezininzi malunga neendlela zokuhamba kunye nokhenketho zombini zizinzileyo kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.
Thatha unonophelo oluthe chatha kwimithombo yakho yamanzi
Ukhenketho luqala ukwenza imitsi ebekade ifuneka kule ndawo, kodwa imililo yakutsha nje eLos Angeles ibonisa ukuba kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe. Ukususela ekuceleni iindwendwe kwiihotele ukuba zisebenzise iitawuli zazo ngaphezu kosuku olunye ukuguqula iibhedi zokulala rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezintathu (ngexesha lokuhlala ixesha elide), ishishini liye laphumelela ekunciphiseni izixa zokucoca kunye nezinye iityhefu ezingena kwiinkqubo zamanzi zendawo. Noko ke, kuninzi okunokwenziwa yaye kusafanele kwenziwe. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nemodeli yakwaSirayeli yokunkcenkceshela idriphu zinokusetyenziswa kumabala egalufa kunye namabala emidlalo angaphandle. Iindlela ezintsha zokucoca kufuneka zenziwe. Iishawara kunye nezindlu zangasese kwihlabathi liphela kufuneka zibe nezixhobo zokonga amanzi; abatyeleli kufuneka bawongwe ngokwenza izigqibo ezizizo ngokwendalo.
Ukukhuthaza iimveliso zasekhaya
Ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zasekhaya akulunganga kuphela kwi-ecology, kodwa sisiseko sokhenketho. Iimveliso zasekhaya zintsha kwaye zibonelela ngencasa yendawo. Ezinye i-ecologists zikholelwa ukuba zikwanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-atmosfera ubuncinane nge-4%. Iimveliso zasekuhlaleni azibizi kakhulu ukuthutha kwaye uthutho lwazo zisebenzisa amandla amancinci. Iimveliso zasekuhlaleni ke azilunganga kuphela kokusingqongileyo kodwa zikwayilungele imveliso yakho yokhenketho.
Khusela kwaye ukhuthaze izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya
Kanye njengakwimeko yokutya, izityalo zasekuhlaleni kunye nezilwanyana zinceda ukwahlula indawo okuyo kwezinye iindawo. Nkqu neendawo zasedolophini zinezityalo kunye neentyatyambo ezi (okanye zazi) zivela kumhlaba wazo. Izityalo azigcini nje ukongeza imvakalelo yokuhombisa kokusingqongileyo, kodwa zandisa ukunikezelwa kweoksijini, kwaye ukuhombisa yenye yeendlela ezingabizi kakhulu zokunciphisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Tyala kwaye uzalise inani lemithi yendawo yakho
Imithi ayigcini nje ukongeza umthunzi kunye nobuhle kwindawo kodwa ikwangumthombo ophambili wokufunxa izingcolisi zekhabhoni. Qinisekisa ukuba utyala imithi ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye ihambelana nobutyebi bakho bamanzi. Iindawo zokhenketho kufuneka zisebenzise imithi yemveli ukongeza kungekuphela nje ubuhle kodwa kunye nokuchukumisa oko kwenza uluntu lwakho lube lodwa. Imfuneko yokutyalwa kwemithi ezidolophini ibaluleke kakhulu xa ucinga ukuba isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sihlala ezidolophini. Kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, njengaseLatin America, amanani asenokuba phezulu ukuya kutsho kuma-70% kwaye uninzi lwezi zixeko zaseLatin America azikhathazwa kuphela kukuxinana kweemoto kodwa zikwaswele iipaki neendawo eziluhlaza.
Ukuba indawo yakho yokhenketho ikuwo nawaphi na amanzi aphakathi okanye amakhulu, khathalela iindawo zasemanzini ukongeza kumhlaba.
Uninzi lweelwandlekazi zehlabathi sele luyindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, luchaphazela iilwandle kunye nokuloba. Ngokomzekelo, iingqaqa ezininzi zeCaribbean zisongelwa okanye azikhuselwanga kakuhle. Emva kokuba ezi zixhobo zilahlekile, zinokulahleka ngonaphakade. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yomphezulu womhlaba ugutyungelwe ngamanzi kwaye okwenzeka emanzini kuya kuba nefuthe kumhlaba osehlabathini.
Umbhali, uGqr. Peter E. Tarlow, unguMongameli kunye noMseki we World Tourism Network kwaye ikhokelela Ukhenketho olukhuselekileyo program.
