emva UNjingalwazi uFrancesco Frangialli unike isilumkiso sakhe kukhenketho ngeemfazwe ezimbini ezigqubayo, wabelane ngokujonga nzulu ukuba kutheni ukhenketho lungene kwinqanaba elitsha.
Mamela uFrancesco Frangialli. Uvavanyo lwakhe lobume beshishini lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho lubalulekile kwaye lodwa. UFrangialli uthathwa njengenye yeengcali eziphezulu kwihlabathi kwaye akasoloko ethetha.
Phambi kwengxaki yakwaSirayeli yamva nje-ePalestine ebese China IYunivesithi yaseSun Yat-sen, Zhuhai. Wanika le ntetho kubafundi ngoSeptemba 13. 2023
Manene namanenekazi,
Ndiyavuya kwaye ndinelunda ngokuba nani namhlanje kule yunivesithi ibalaseleyo, endithe ndafumana ithuba lokundwendwela ngokufutshane kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo xa ndandiphethe Umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho weHlabathi – i UNWTO. Mandivakalise umbulelo wam ngokukodwa UProf. Xu Honggang ngenxa yesimemo sakhe sobubele.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Ndiqinisekile ukuba, ngootitshala abagqwesileyo eninabo, ulwazi lwenu lwezemfundo lwecandelo lezokhenketho luphezulu kakhulu kunolwam. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokubandakanyeka kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezokhenketho malunga neminyaka engama-40, okokuqala kwinqanaba lelizwe lam, iFransi, ngoko kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe ngaphakathi kweNkqubo ye-UN, ndikwimeko yokwabelana nawe ngenxalenye yamava asebenzayo. ndizuzile.
Ndiya kusebenzisa obu buchule buqokelelwe kule minyaka ukuqulunqa iingcebiso ezininzi, ezinokukukhokela kubomi bakho bexesha elizayo.
Ukukhula okumangalisayo kokhenketho ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Esona salathisi sokulinganisa ukhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe linani labafika kumazwe ngamazwe - iindwendwe ezifika kwaye zihlala ubuncinane ubusuku obunye kwilizwe elingekho apho bahlala khona, baqondwa ukuba abaninzi abafikayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo banokubhaliswa uhambo olulodwa lwangaphandle.
Abakhenkethi baseTshayina abaze eYurophu baya kuxelela abahlobo nezalamane zabo ukuba baqhelene kakhulu neNgilani, iFransi, iItali, neSwitzerland kuba betyelele la mazwe mane kwisithuba seveki enye.
Enyanisweni, baye babona imizobo emibini kwizigidi ezisixhenxe ezihlanganiswe kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani; baye bakroba kwiTour Eiffel ngaphandle kokunyuka izinyuko ezili-1,665 XNUMX ezikhokelela phezulu (okanye bathabathe iikhetshi) yaye bengakhange bafumane isidlo sasemini kwindawo yayo yokutyela edumileyo; batyhutyha iColiseum, befuna igelati, bengenalo naluphi na ulwazi ngembali yeRoma yamandulo; babona kumgama omde i-Matterhorn, ngaphandle kokunyuka kwencopho, ukutyibilika kumathambeka ayo okanye kwanabo bangamavila, bahlala ubusuku kwenye yeehotele eziphezulu zemveli zelali entle yaseZermatt!
Kwesi sizukulwana sitsha singaqhelekanga sabahambi, i-selfie ibe yinjongo ngokwayo, ibaluleke ngakumbi kunesiza okanye isikhumbuzo esityelelweyo.
Ungayazi njani iLondon ngaphandle kokuchitha iiyure ezimbalwa kwi-pub yendabuko kwaye ungcamle iintlobo ezininzi zeebhiya?
Kuthekani ngeParis ngaphandle kwe ikofu cream kwithafa leQuartier Latin?
IRoma ukuba awuzange ungcamle i-dolce vita kunye nesidlo sakusihlwa (ukuba kunokwenzeka, nomntu olungileyo) ngobusuku obufudumele basehlotyeni eTrastevere?
Kwaye Switzerland ngaphandle ukonwabela a fondue ekhatshwa yinto enencasa I-Fendant iwayini xa kunekhephu phandle?
Sukuqhelisela ukhenketho ngokumfameka nangokungxama.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Inani labafikayo kumazwe ngamazwe likhule ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-25 ngo-1950 ukuya kwi-165 lezigidi ngo-1970, izigidi ezingama-950 ngo-2010, ukuya kufikelela kwi-1,475 yezigidi ngo-2019, unyaka ophambi kwe-Covid.
IYurophu isekhona, phambi kwe-Asiya, indawo yokuqala emhlabeni yokufika kwamanye amazwe, kunye neepesenti ze-53 zabafikayo bebonke kwi-2019. Iindawo ezintlanu eziphezulu kwihlabathi yiFransi, iSpain, i-United States, iTurkey kunye ne-Italy.
Kodwa ukhenketho aluyonto nje yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukufika kwasekhaya kumaxesha angama-5 okanye ama-6 abaluleke ngaphezu kokufika kwamanye amazwe. Siza kuthetha ngalo mba ubalulekileyo xa sifika kwi-COVID.
Ezinye izalathisi ezibini ukulinganisa ubunzima boqoqosho bokhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe yimali echithwa kumazwe angaphandle ngabakhenkethi kunye neengeniso ezifunyanwa ngamashishini okhenketho ngenxa yolu tyelelo.
Kakade ke, izixa zabo ziyalingana kwihlabathi jikelele; kodwa ukuqhekeka phakathi kwamazwe kwahluke kakhulu ukuba uqwalasela iirisithi, kwelinye icala, kunye neenkcitho, kwelinye.
Iirisithi zamazwe ngamazwe (okanye inkcitho) zifikelele kwincopho yazo ngo-2019, nge-1,494 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika-ndiphinda: 1,494 zigidi.
Abahlanu abafumana imivuzo ephezulu yi-United States, iSpain, iUnited Kingdom, ne-Itali.
I-United States ne-China zabelana ngesikhundla sokuqala kwinkcitho yabahlali bamazwe aphesheya. Zilandelwa yiJamani, iFransi kunye neUnited Kingdom.
Ukhenketho, inkalo yoluntu olutsha lwehlabathi
Manene namanenekazi,
ukhenketho lube negalelo kumanyano lwehlabathi nanjengoko yonke ikona yesijikelezi-langa sethu, nkqu neAntarctic, kule mihla ihanjelwa sisisinye kwisihlanu sabemi baso.
Ngowe-1950, amazwe ali-15 ahamba phambili amkela ama-87 ekhulwini abo bafika kumazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2022, iindawo ezikhokelayo ezili-15 ngoku (uninzi lwazo zintsha) zithatha nje iipesenti ezingama-56 zetotali. Amazwe angama-20 afumana iindwendwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kumazwe ngamazwe.
Ukhenketho, ngenxa yobungakanani obuthathiweyo kutshintshiselwano lwehlabathi lomntu kunye nezezimali, luqalise ukusebenzisana ngokusisigxina kunye nezinye izinto eziye zajika ngokufanayo kwihlabathi jikelele, zixhokonxa ukudibana okungaqhelekanga ngamanye amaxesha.
Mandithathe umzekelo wobusika buka-2015-2016 obubonisa ngokugqibeleleyo intsebenziswano phakathi kokhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiba eyahlukeneyo yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi.
Abahambi babengazi apho bafanele baye khona, bedimazekile ngenxa yokungabikho kwekhephu elibangelwa yimozulu eshushu kwiiAlps, besoyika ukuhlaselwa ngabanqolobi kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeMeditera, yaye bengafuni nokuya kwiziqithi zeCaribbean, apho kwaqhambuka isifo esitsha. intsholongwane kaZika, yenzekile.
Kungcono ukuhlala ekhaya kwiimeko ezinjalo!
Eminye imifanekiso yonxibelelwano olunjalo olungaqhelekanga inokubonwa mva nje kwiziqithi zaseGrisi, eLampedusa, okanye eMalta, kunye nabakhenkethi abadibana kumanxweme abafuduki abavela eTurkey, eTunisia, okanye eLibya. F
Irhuluneli yaseFlorida yatyhola abafuduki abavela eMexico beza kuzisa i-COVID-19 kurhulumente xa iingcali zicinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba utyando luvela kubakhenkethi. Kwangaxeshanye, le rhuluneli yayigayela iphulo lokuba ngumongameli olandelayo waseUnited States.
Ngexesha lamaxesha amabini onyaka ehlotyeni adlulileyo, iindawo ezininzi zokusingwa kwiMeditera, ezifana neGrisi, iTurkey, iSpain, iFransi, nePortugal, zachatshazelwa yimililo yasendle emandla eqhutywa kukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo avelisiweyo. Abakhenkethi kwafuneka babaleke iihotele kunye neenkampu.
Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwisiqithi saseGrisi iRhodes kweli hlobo.
Kwala mazwe alwa ngaxeshanye ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwabantu abafudukela e-sub-Saharan abazama ukuya eYurophu.
Namhlanje, i-2,5 pesenti yabemi behlabathi yenziwe ngabaphambukeli. Kwaye imfuduko eya kubangela ngendlela engenakuphepheka ukusuka ukufudumala kwehlabathi akukaqalisi ngokwenene!
Njengoko izolo bengavimbanga ilifu le-radioactive laseChornobyl, imida yelizwe ayikwazanga ukunqanda iintsholongwane, njengokuba ingabanqandi abafuduki.
Ungaze ukholelwe ukuba ukuvala imida kuya kusombulula ingxaki yakho.
Ezinye iingozi zisenokwenzeka, zithintele ukukhula kokhenketho.
Manene namanenekazi,
ukhenketho yinto entsonkothileyo. Awuyi kuqonda ubume bayo bokwenyani ukuba indlela yakho yezoqoqosho ngokungqongqo okanye isekwe kuphela kwintengiso. Lo ngowona myalezo wam uphambili kuwe namhlanje.
Ukhenketho, ngaphambi kwako konke, ngumsebenzi onamacala amaninzi kwaye onqamlezileyo.
Okokuqala, kuba inamakhonkco namanye amacandelo amakhulu ezoqoqosho, njengokutya kunye nezolimo, amandla, ezothutho, ulwakhiwo, amalaphu, kunye namashishini obugcisa bezandla, ngokusetyenziswa okuphakathi asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imveliso yawo.
Njengoko kubonisiwe yi-UNCTAD, kumsebenzi omnye owenziwe kushishino lwezokhenketho, eminye emibini inokuveliswa kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho.
Okwesibini, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukhenketho lunxibelelana nezinye iziganeko zehlabathi:
Imo engqongileyo kunye nongcoliseko olukhulu, imozulu, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, i-demography kunye nokufuduka, impilo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nobunqolobi.
Yiyo loo nto xa sithetha ngokhenketho, sithetha nge-geopolitics. Lo mba usisiseko ucacisa iingozi ezinemvelaphi yangaphandle ezinokucutha okanye ziphazamise ukukhula kokhenketho.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingozi ezimbini ezinkulu zenzeke:
ukudodobala koqoqosho kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2008 nakwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2009, ngenxa subprime Ingxaki yezemali, kunye nokwehla okumangalisayo konyaka ka-2020 no-2021 ngenxa yobhubhani we-Covid, evele eTshayina kwikota yesine ka-2019.
Ngo-2020, inani labafika kumazwe ngamazwe lehla laya kutsho kwi-407 yezigidi; 2021 yayisenzima; kodwa i-rebound yomelele ngo-2022 ngokufika kwezigidi ezingama-963 kumazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa ukuchacha akukagqibi. Asikabuyi ngokupheleleyo kumkhondo wokukhula kwembali yokhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokukwanjalo, iirisithi zokhenketho zamazwe ngamazwe zahlulwe zimbini ngo-2020 xa kuthelekiswa no-2019 ngenxa ye-COVID-19, kwaye zisengo-2022, kunye ne-1,031 yezigidigidi, kwisibini kwisithathu senqanaba labo langaphambi kwentlekele.
Ukuchacha kade kokhenketho lwaseTshayina yinxalenye yengcaciso.
Oku kunokujongwa ukuba uthelekisa inkcitho phesheya yabahambi baseMelika nabaseTshayina. Ngo-2019, abakhenkethi baseTshayina abandwendwela amanye amazwe babedla ngokuchitha kabini inani elichithwe ngabantu baseMelika.
Ngo-2022, njengoko bekutshiwo, iimali bezingaphezulu okanye zingaphantsi ezifanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba amazwe aseMelika naseYurophu aphinde avula imida yawo ngaphambi kweAsia.
Masiqikelele ukuba kuya kwahluka ngo-2023, ngoku ukuba amaTshayina angaphinda afumane ngokukhululekileyo ilizwe liphela.
Ngokoqikelelo lwe-WHO, bamalunga nezigidi ezisixhenxe abantu ababulawa yi-Covid, kodwa ukhenketho lusaphila!
Imvelaphi kunye nenkqubela phambili yeentlekele ezahlukeneyo eziye ukhenketho oluchaphazelekayo alufani.
Iintlekele ezintathu ezinkulu zeminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo I-tsunami ka-2004, ingxaki yezemali ka-2008-2009, kunye nobhubhane we-Covid 2020-2022- bohluke kakhulu ngokwendalo. Ulandelelwano lwezinto aluzange lufane.
2004 tsunami kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya yayiqale ngokusingqongileyo, phambi kokuba ibe yezoqoqosho nezentlalo, ngakumbi e-Indonesia naseThailand.
Ukuqala ngokuwa kwebhanki iLehman Brothers, i ingxaki encinci ekuqaleni yayiyimali, emva koko yezoqoqosho, emva koko yaba yintlalontle kunye nokukhula kwentswela-ngqesho.
Njenge-SARS ngo-2002-2003 okanye i-Avian flu ka-2006 ngaphambi kwayo, ingxaki ye-COVID-19 ibiyeyenkqubo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo, phantse ngokuchaseneyo:
Okokuqala, ucoceko, emva koko lwentlalo (kwaye kwinqanaba elithile lenkcubeko) ngokoqoqosho, kwaye ekugqibeleni-ingakumbi ngenxa yeendleko zeephakheji zokubuyisela eziqaliswe ngoorhulumente - kunye nemali. Ngenxa yoko, kuzo zombini ezi meko, ityala likarhulumente liye landa.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ngaphambili, i-SARS yayiluqheliselo lwe-COVID-19.
Kodwa okwesibini sijongene nobhubhane - into entsonkothileyo yehlabathi. Yayingeyompilo nokhuseleko kuphela, kodwa yayimalunga neendawo ekuya kuzo ukuvala imida yazo, ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko ezichasayo amazwe, amashishini ayeka imisebenzi yawo, ukukhula kwentswela-ngqesho, kunye neziphumo zezopolitiko ezivelayo.
Makhe sigxininise kwizinto ezothusayo ezimbini ezinkulu: subprime kunye ne-Covid.
Ngo-2009, abantu abaninzi baye bayeka ukuhamba ngenxa yokuba bexakeke ngumsebenzi wabo okanye umvuzo wabo.
Ngo-2020, phantse wonke umntu wayeka ukuhamba ngezizathu ezifanayo,
..kodwa ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba imiqobo yayiphezulu kakhulu, iingcebiso zokuhamba kunye nezithintelo zazikhutshwe ngoorhulumente abaninzi, iinkqubo zezothutho zazimi ngxi, ukuwela imida kwakungenakwenzeka, kwaye abantu babeziva besengozini ngenxa yobomi babo okanye ubomi babo. impilo ngelixa uhamba ngoololiwe abaxineneyo, iibhasi okanye iinqwelomoya.
Ngexesha lokuvalwa, abantu abaninzi khange babenakho ukubanakho okanye nomnqweno wokuchitha imivuzo yabo ngelixa behamba.
Iindawo zokutyela, iibhari, iiklabhu zasebusuku, iikaraoke kunye neevenkile ezininzi zavalwa, imidlalo nenkcubeko ngokunjalo, kwaye iiholide zazingenakwenzeka..
Ngenxa yoko, ukudandatheka kuye kwanda.
Mhlawumbi ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye indawo, ukuphoxeka okugqithisileyo kwavakala e-China ukusukela oko umgaqo-nkqubo wokutshixwa kunye nemida ebekiweyo kuhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nasekhaya belunzima kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe.
Ngenxa yoko, izixa ezikhulu zokonga zenziwe ngamakhaya. Kwi-EU, imali eyayigcinwe imela isi-4 ekhulwini seGDP yonyaka omnye.
Kodwa ngethemba, oku kube kokwexeshana. Isibhakabhaka savuleka. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno enganelisiyo yokuhamba isekho.
Umona wokuthatha ikhefu kunye ukuba neeholide zikhona kunanini na ngaphambili. Iibhalansi ezinkulu zemali eziqokelelweyo ziyafumaneka kwaye zinokuchithwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba amathuba ohambo anomtsalane acetywa kubathengi. Ayizondaba zimbi ezi kushishino lwethu.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
emva kwentlekele nganye enkulu kwimbali yokhenketho lwehlabathi, into yembuyekezo iye yenzeka. Ngesi sizathu sisisiseko, ukuphinda kwenzeke emva kweCovid.
Sele iqalile ngo-2022. Imibuzo kuphela - kodwa ayincinci! - zimalunga namandla ayo kunye namandla enkqubo ukuguqula isigaba sokuqala sokubuyisela sibe kukwandiswa okungapheliyo.
Iingxaki ezintlanu: subprime, i-SARS e-Asia, i-Covid, ungcoliseko olukhulu lolwandle eFransi kunye tsunami
Mandibonise kwaye ndithethelele ukucinga kwam malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlekele kunye nee-anecdotes ezimbalwa.
Iiprimes:
Ekwindla ka-2008, sasibambe kwikomkhulu le-UN eNew York enye yeentlanganiso ezimbini zonyaka zeBhodi yabaLawuli abaLawulayo be-UN, iqumrhu eliqokelela iintloko zee-arhente kunye neenkqubo zeNkqubo kunye neentloko ze-UN. IBhanki yehlabathi kunye ne-IMF.
Ingxaki yezemali yayisele iqalile, kwaye kwacaca kwasekuqaleni ukuba ayizukuba yinto elula yokuguquguquka komjikelo.
UMkomishinala oPhezulu weeMbacu, uAntonio Guterres, ngoku onguNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo, weza kum.
Uvakalise uluvo lokuba ukhenketho, ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni sothuso lwangaphandle, luya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kunamanye amasebe orhwebo lwehlabathi. Njengowayesakuba yiNkulumbuso yasePortugal, wayenomdla okhethekileyo kwicandelo endandiliphethe.
Ndambulela uGuterres ngokucela kwakhe kodwa ndathi kuye andabelani ngembono yakhe.
Ngelo xesha sasijongene nengxaki yemali noqoqosho kuphela.
Ayikabikho kwezorhwebo, kwezentlalo, okanye kwezopolitiko njengeyona nto iphambili ehlabathini kwiminyaka yamashumi amathathu.
Ndatsho kumlingane wam ukuba ndinethemba eliphakathi kwaye, ngokokubona kwam, impembelelo kumsebenzi wokhenketho iya kulinganiselwa.
Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezibini.
Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba le ngxaki yayinokuthi ichaphazele ngakumbi uMntla Melika kunye neNtshona Yurophu, kwaye kancinci kuphela eAsia; kwaye ngelo xesha, iimarike ezivelisayo zaseAsia zazisele ziphembelela injini yokukhula kokhenketho.
Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba umnqweno wokuzonwabisa kunye nokuhamba wawugxininiswe kakhulu ezingqondweni zabantu izindlu eziphezulu kunye neziphakathi - abo bahambayo-baya kukhawulela inkcitho yabo kwizinto ezinkulu ezifana nezindlu okanye ukuthenga iimoto ezintsha, kodwa abayi kuncama iiholide zabo.
Okulandelayo kubonisa ukuba olu hlalutyo lwaluchanekile.
I-SARS kunye ne-Covid.
Ngo-2002-2003, ngengxaki ye-SARS, umxholo wawuhluke kakhulu.
Ndiyaxolisa ukukhankanya apha, eGuangzhou, ukuba usulelo lokuqala lwentsholongwane entsha ukusuka kwisilwanyana ukuya emntwini lwenzeka kwifama ethile kwiphondo laseGuangdong, kwaye iinkukhu ezaziveliswa apho zathengiswa kwesi sixeko, kwimarike yokutya yakudala. .
Ngokuphathelele i-COVID-19, imvelaphi, indlela yosulelo, kunye nendalo yokwenyani yentsholongwane ekuqaleni yayiyimfihlakalo iyonke, ukungaqiniseki okuba negalelo kuloyiko.
Ngokuchaseneyo nendlalifa yayo, i-Covid, i-SARS ayizange iye kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngaphandle kweemeko ezimbalwa eToronto, eKhanada, yahlala iyisiqendu saseAsia. Nangona inyani iye yachaphazela inani elincinci lamazwe, impembelelo yayo ekuhambeni kokhenketho yayinkulu kakhulu kummandla we-Asia-Pacific.
Kanye njengokuba kunjalo I-COVID-19, ukhenketho yayisisisithuthi sesi sifo, kuba sasisanda ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye kunye nabahambi kunye nexhoba laso..
Amazwe amaninzi ase-Asiya, ngaphandle kwamatyala ambalwa angenisiweyo, awazange abandezeleke kukugqithiswa kwe-SARS yasekhaya.
Nangona kunjalo, usasazo olukhulu lwaqala, lungenzi mahluko phakathi kwamazwe achaphazelekayo.
Kumajelo eendaba, yonke iAsia yayingcolisekile. Iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokusingwa zichaphazeleke njengabanye ngenxa yokwehla okumangalisayo kwenani labakhenkethi abafikayo.
Kwezinye iinkalo, i-SARS yayingeyondyikityha kuphela kodwa nayo infodemic.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Ikwimeko yengxaki, unxibelelwano lubalulekile,
... kwaye umthetho omawulandelwe ngowokuba kufuneka udlale ngokuphandle kwaye ungaze uyifihle inyani. Ngokukodwa ngoku xa singenile kwixesha leintanethi zentlalo, into obuya kuyifanisa nayo inalo lonke ithuba lokuvela, kunye nemiphumo ebulalayo.
Ukuthetha inyani asiyondlela yokuziphatha kuphela, lolona khetho lulungileyo olunomvuzo.
Imizekelo emininzi ethethelela le ngcinga inokufunyanwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezichaseneyo zendlela amazwe afana ne-Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, okanye Turkey asabela ngayo emva kohlaselo lwabanqolobi olujoliswe kwiindwendwe kunye neziza zabakhenkethi.
Kwi 2002, nini la Ghriba, indlu yesikhungu yamandulo yaseDjerba, yahlaselwa ngabalandeli bobufundamentali abangamaSilamsi, kwafa abantu abali-19;
Urhulumente waseTunisia wazama ukwenza ngathi ugqabhuko-dubulo lwenzeke ngengozi.
Inyaniso yatyhilwa ngokukhawuleza, yaye kwaba yintlekele kukhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuza kweli lizwe.
NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, uhlaselo olufanayo lwenzeka kwindawo enye, abantu abahlanu babulawa, kodwa ngeli xesha abasemagunyeni badlala ikhadi lokubonisa izinto elubala, kwaye phantse akukho siphumo.
Ungcoliseko lolwandle.
Njengomcebisi oselula kumphathiswa wezokhenketho waseFransi, ngo-1978 kwafuneka ndijamelane nongcoliseko olukhulu olwaluvela kwinqanawa enkulu i-Amoco Cadiz, eyavuza iitoni ezingama-230,000 zamafutha kunxweme olusemantla eBritani – indawo ebalulekileyo yabakhenkethi kwilizwe lethu.
Iikhilomitha ezingama-375 zonxweme zingcoliseke kakhulu kwindawo ebiyeyona ntlekele inkulu kwimbali yehlabathi. Senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuba singafihli. Simeme iintatheli zamazwe angaphandle kunye nabaqhubi abakhenkethi abavela kwiimarike ezinkulu ezivelisa imveliso ukuba batyelele indawo yentlekele.
Babona iziphumo zongcoliseko oloyikekayo, kodwa kwanemigudu emikhulu eyenziwayo yokucoca ngokukhawuleza iilwandle kunye namatye nokusindisa iintaka zolwandle. Siphinde sababonisa, ngenyanga emnandi enelanga likaJuni, unxweme olungachaphazelekanga, kunye nobuhle bendawo engaphakathi kulo mmandla. Ekupheleni kosuku, impembelelo kushishino lwezokhenketho lwasekhaya yayincinci.
Yiba neenkqubo zokusabela kwiingxaki. Hlala uselubala ukuba kufuneka unxibelelane kwimeko yonxunguphalo.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
qaphela ukuba kwiimeko ezinxunguphalisayo, ukuxakeka kweendaba akuyikuxela ngokunyanisekileyo inyaniso kunye nokunyaniseka okuyinyani phantsi; kukwandisa abaphulaphuli babo. Xa oku kudityaniswe nokungazi kunye nokungakwazi kwabasebenzi bezokhenketho, kunokukhokelela kwiintlekele.
Tsunami – Intsomi yaseIndonesia
Xa nge26th kaDisemba 2004 enogonyamelo tsunami yabetha iphondo lase-Aceh kumantla eSumatra, apho kwabhaliswa khona abantu abangama-200 000 ababhubhileyo, ukhenketho kulo lonke elase-Indonesia lwema kwangoko. S
I-Sumatra yayingeyona indawo ethandwayo, amaxhoba ayephakathi kwabemi abangekho phakathi kweendwendwe, kodwa i-media yamazwe ngamazwe ibhekisela e-Indonesia iyonke, kungekhona kwesinye seziqithi zayo ze-18,000.
Ngaphandle kwesizathu, iBali, indawo yokuqala yokhenketho yelizwe, yayishiywe. Abakhenkethi, kuquka namaTshayina, barhoxisa ngoko nangoko ukhenketho lwabo kwisiqithi separadisiac.
Manene namanenekazi,
I-Sumatra kunye ne-Bali zifumaneka kwiilwandle ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye umgama womoya phakathi kwe-Banda Aceh ne-Denpasar yi-2,700 yeekhilomitha.
Ungaze uthembele kumajelo eendaba. Ungaze uzithembe iinethiwekhi zentlalo. Thembela esakho isigwebo (okanye eso somphathi wakho).
Ukufaka isandla ekubuyiseleni ukhenketho kwingingqi, UNWTO ibambe iseshoni engxamisekileyo yeBhunga layo eliLawulayo ePhuket, kunxweme lwaseAndamans eThailand, kwinyanga nje enye emva ko tsunami.
Safika ebusuku kwindawo apho abakhenkethi abangama-2,000 XNUMX babephulukene nobomi babo.
Amakhandlela angama-2,000 2,000 akhanyiswe entlabathini ayesikhumbuza ukuba imiphefumlo engama-XNUMX yayimkile kolo lwandle.
Ngesi sihlandlo, ndiye ndafunda kwinkulumbuso yelizwe ngelo xesha, uThaksin Shinawatra, ukuba ingxaki idla ngokuphindwe kabini:
Igama lesiTshayina onalo elithi "ingxaki" -weiji- kuthetha ngexesha elifanayo "intlekele" kunye "nethuba".
Intlekele ye-tsunami ka-2004 yayinokuba lithuba lokwakha ukhenketho olomelele ngakumbi noluzinzileyo.
Oku akuzange kwenzeke. Oorhulumente kunye neenkampani azisihoyanga esi sifundo, kwaye ngaphandle kweengcebiso zethu, zakha ngokutsha amaziko isondele kakhulu kumda wolwandle.
Ukuba kukho intlekele, khangela ukuba kukho into entle enokuzuzwa kuyo.
SARS:
Kodwa masibuyele kwaSARS.
Injongo yoMbutho weHlabathi wezoKhenketho ibikukunciphisa ifuthe lentlekele kwishishini lezokhenketho lase-Asia ngokuzisa umyalezo olungeleleneyo ngakumbi kunomyalezo we-apocalyptic osasazwe ngamajelo eendaba.
Sasinesigqibo esinovakalelo phambi kwethu: ukugcina okanye ukungayigcini iseshoni yeNdibano yethu yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, eyayiza kuqhubeka eBeijing ngoNovemba ka-2003.
Ndiye ndaseka ubudlelwane bobuhlobo nommeli woMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi eTshayina.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, weza kum, esithi wayenoluvo lokuba incopho yobhubhane ifikelelwe; kodwa ulwazi bekusafuneka luqinisekiswe.
Ndabiza u-He Guangwei, umphathiswa wezokhenketho wase-China, kwaye ndambongoza ukuba eze eMadrid ukuze anike ingxelo ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye angathethi ulwimi esidleleni, imeko yelizwe lakhe kwiBhunga lethu eliLawulayo.
Sagqiba ekubeni sigcine iNdibano yethu njengoko kucwangcisiwe, ngokuhambisa kwishishini umyalezo wokuzithemba.
INdibano yaba yimpumelelo. Intsholongwane ebulalayo yayiphelile. Ngesi sihlandlo, i-WTO yagqiba ukuguqulwa kwayo ibe yi-arhente ekhethekileyo yeNkqubo ye-UN.
Musa ukuba neentloni. Ungalibazisi ukuthatha imingcipheko ethile.
Into esiyifundileyo kwi-Covid: Ukwahluka kunye nokuGuquleka.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
Mandivakalise uluvo lokuba, ngoku, nge-Covid esemva kwethu, ithuba eliyimbali linikezelwa. Isiphumo sale ngxaki ingazange ibonwe ngaphambili yezococeko inokuguqulwa ibe lithuba elingalindelekanga lokuya kuzinzo olwandisiweyo kushishino lwezokhenketho.
Ukwahluka yenye yezitshixo.
Ngaphezulu kwentsholongwane ngokwayo, iindawo ekuya kuzo ziye zachatshazelwa zizithintelo zolawulo kunye nezococeko ababezibeke endaweni yokukhusela abemi babo kwesi sifo, kodwa nangezithintelo zokuhamba ezibekelwe ilizwe elivelisa abemi bawo.
Phakathi kwezona zazichaphazeleke kakhulu ziindawo zokufikela ezixhomekeke kakhulu kwimveliso yokhenketho eyodwa nesesichengeni.
Ezinye iziqithi zeCaribbean, kunye neendawo ezinemifuziselo ezinje ngeVenice, baye baqonda ukuba abanakuqhubeka bephila ngezixhobo eziveliswe kukumisa kweenqanawa ezinkulu zokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Iindlela ezingagcinekiyo zokhenketho ezifana nokuhamba ngenqanawa, uhambo olude ngenqwelomoya, ukhenketho lweshishini, iipaki zokonwabisa, kunye neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide zokutyibiliza kwindawo ephezulu, zihlupheke ngakumbi kunamanye amacandelo entengiso kubhubhani.
Kwiimeko ezinzima, kubalulekile ukuba ungaxhomekeki kakhulu kumntu omnye okanye kwinani elincinci leemarike ezivelisayo.
Amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, anjengeThailand, iVietnam, kunye neKhambodiya, ukongeza kwizithintelo abazibekela zona kutyelelo, baye babethwa kukungabikho kwabakhenkethi baseTshayina kuba abemi baseTshayina bayekile ukugunyaziswa ukuba bandwendwele phesheya nokubuyela ekhaya emva koko. .
I-Indonesia yayingenabo abantu baseOstreliya;
ICanada, iMexico, kunye neBahamas leyo yabantu baseMelika.
Iindawo zokufikela ezifana neMalta kunye neSipro, ngokuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimarike ephumayo yaseBritane, zachatshazelwa ngamandla sisithintelo sokuhamba kumazwe angaphandle esibekwe kubemi baso ngurhulumente wase-UK.
Kwenzeka into efanayo nakwimimandla yaseFransi ekwiCaribbean noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
Ngokuchaseneyo, ukhenketho lwasemaphandleni lubonakalise ukomelela kwalo olomeleleyo ngenxa yozinzo lwalo oluphezulu
KwiiAlps, iilali eziphakamileyo, njengale ndihlala kuyo, ezibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemidlalo yesizini emine, imisebenzi yenkcubeko kunye nolonwabo, zixhathise kakuhle ukothuka, xa iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide eziphakamileyo ziziva zingenamsebenzi. zinikelwe ngokukodwa kuqheliselo lokutyibilika kwe-alpine, ngexesha apho iilifti kwakufuneka zivaliwe ngenxa yezizathu zococeko.
Ukunikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo zokhenketho ezohlukeneyo kunye nokuphindaphinda inkcubeko kunye nemisitho yezemidlalo unyaka wonke yindlela yeendawo zokusingwa ezisezintabeni zokunciphisa ixesha elininzi lonyaka lomsebenzi.
Kumsebenzi wakho wexesha elizayo, musa ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimarike enye, kwimveliso enye, okanye kwiqabane elinye
Ukuba bhetyebhetye kubalulekile ngokufanayo.
Kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, iindawo eziya kuzo, kwaye ngokukodwa imboni yokwamkela iindwendwe, kufuneka ilungelelanise ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwi-panorama yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokutshintshela kwenye imarike, ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo uvala ngokukhawuleza.
Iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi zibalulekile ukuphendula loo mngeni. Ukunyuka kwedijithali yemisebenzi emininzi kunye neenkqubo nazo ziyinxalenye yesisombululo.
Uphuhliso lwe-e-tourism kunye nohlobo olutsha lweendawo zokuhlala ezibhukishwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-intanethi ngabathengi nako kunokuzisa ukuguquguquka okungakumbi emfanekisweni.
Ukuguquguquka ekuziqhelaniseni nobukho babathengi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kumandla abo okuthenga ahlukeneyo, iilwimi, izinto ezithandayo, kunye nemikhwa, sisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko.
Iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide ezidumileyo zaseSpain eCosta Brava kunye neCosta del Sol, nokuba njengam uzifumana zimbi, zixinene, zinengxolo, kwaye azithandeki, ziyimodeli kulo mba. Bayakwazi ukuhlalisa unyaka wonke kwiindwendwe ezininzi ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, amaqela, okanye iinkcubeko.
Vuleleka kutshintsho kwindawo osebenza kuyo. Yiba bhetyebhetye kangangoko. Thetha isiNgesi kuphela kodwa nolunye ulwimi lwasemzini.
Manene namanenekazi,
kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ndiya kuba kwiphondo lasemaphandleni laseTshayina endiliqhelileyo, eli laseGuizhou.
Bazama ukukhuthaza lo mmandla njengendawo engumzekelo yokusingwa, ukubonelela ngeziza zendalo ezingakhange zichukunyiswe, imbonakalo-mhlaba egciniweyo, namanzi acocekileyo.
Kwangaxeshanye, basandul’ ukuguqula ezinye zeendawo zabo ezizezona zibalaseleyo njengeengxangxasi zeHuangguoshu kunye nomqolomba weDragon Palace, zaba ziintlobo ezithile zeepaki zokonwabisa, ezikhanyiswe ngemibala ekhazimlayo efana nepinki, iorenji, kunye noorenji.
Iindwendwe zaseTshayina zingayithanda; abahambi bamanye amazwe ekufuneni kwabo ubunyani, baya kudana.
Emantla ephondo, kufuphi noMlambo iChishui, unento engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yiDanxia enikezela ngamatye abomvu kunye ne-orenji kunye namawa, apho unokufumana khona iiferns zemithi ezivela kumaxesha eJurassic kunye neprints zeedinosaurs.
Bakufutshane ukuba bagqithe uSteven Spielberg ngeJurassic Park entsha!
Ungaze ulibale ukuba abakhenkethi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo benza abanakho ukungcamla okufanayo kunye nolindelo.
Ujoliso lwemisebenzi yokwazisa eyenziwa ngoorhulumente kunye noogunyaziwe bengingqi ngentsebenziswano necandelo labucala kufuneka nalo lulungiswe ngokulula ukuba iimeko zitshintsha ngesiquphe.
Ndikhumbula ndibona iipowusta zephulo lentengiso elibiza imali eninzi elivela kwiphondo laseGuizhou kwiindonga zemetro yaseParis ngoMatshi ka-2020, ngexesha apho ukuhlalwa phantsi komhlaba kwakungu-zero ngenxa yokuvalwa kwendawo, kwaye xa nangayiphi na imeko kwakungenakwenzeka. Abahlali baseFransi ukuba babhabhe baye eChina!
Ukurhoxisa ngoko nangoko eli phulo ngenxa yenkcitho yemali ebimele ukuyimela akuzange kuthi qatha ezingqondweni zabaphathi.
Zilungiselele ukwenza izigqibo ezinzima xa kuyimfuneko.
Isifundo sesi siqendu esithile kwimbali yokhenketho lwehlabathi sicacile:
IKwi-panorama entsha yokhenketho, iindawo ekusingwa kuzo kuya kufuneka zijonge ukwahluka okwandisiweyo kweemarike ezixhomekeke kuzo. Kuya kufuneka balungelelanise iimveliso abazinikezelayo kunye nenkuthazo abayenzayo ukuze babe kwindawo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho kwimo engqongileyo.
Ukwahluka kunye nokuguquguquka kuhlanganiswe kuthetha ukomelela.
Ukufuna ukomelela okwandisiweyo kubandakanya kwiimeko ezininzi ukunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwimarike yasekhaya. Ngexesha le-Covid, amashishini amaninzi okhenketho e-China asinda kuba akwazi ukuguqukela kwintengiso yasekhaya. Ngexesha lehlobo lika-2020 kunye no-2021, iilwandle zase-Italiya zazizele ngamaTaliyane, kwaye iilwandle zaseSpain zazizele ngabantu baseSpain. Abakhenkethi basekhaya bathatha indawo yabahambi bamanye amazwe. Le yindlela eyaphetshwa ngayo intlekele yokwenene.
Nokuba leliphi na uhlobo lweshishini lakho, ungaze uyilibale imarike yasekhaya.
Ukufudumala kwehlabathi, isoyikiso esisondeleyo ukhenketho
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yinto engenakuphikiswa echaphazela onke amacandelo oshishino lokhenketho, kodwa hayi ngendlela efanayo nangendlela efanayo.
Manene nani manenekazi, ukhenketho alulotyala ekuqhubekekeni kwenkqubo: ukuba ubandakanya izithuthi zomoya, igalela phakathi kweepesenti ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ekukhutshweni kweegesi nge ifuthe lamaqondo obushushu abanjwe lungcoliseko.
KwiGrand Barrier yaseOstreliya, ukwenziwa mhlophe kweekorale sele kuhambele phambili kakhulu.
Xa iikorale zisifa, inxalenye enkulu yezilwanyana zasemanzini ziyanyamalala, kwaye iindawo ezininzi ezinomtsalane kubakhenkethi zikunye nazo. Ukuphakama komphakamo wolwandle kunye nezitshingitshane ezinamandla zisisongelo kubukho bolunye ulwandle oludumileyo, njengoko ndibonile kwindawo yaseMexico yaseCancun.
Ukhenketho olukwiintaba eziphakamileyo lixhoba lokuqala lolo tshintsho kuba, njengoko kubonisiwe yi-UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi kuphezulu kakhulu kumphakamo.
Njengoko kuchaziwe yi-UNESCO: "iintaba zezona zinovakalelo lwendalo kutshintsho lwemozulu kwaye zichaphazeleka ngesantya esikhawulezayo kunezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezisemhlabeni". Makhe ndigxininise indlela esi sigqibo esibaluleke ngayo eTshayina, ilizwe apho ama-40 ekhulwini ommandla walo ungaphezu kwama-2,000 eemitha zokuphakama.
Kuyacaca ukuba ishishini le-ski elinamandla lisengozini ngakumbi kunalo naliphi na elinye icandelo kwizehlo zokufudumala kwehlabathi.
Phakathi kwe-1880 kunye ne-2012, i-avareji yobushushu kwiiAlps iye yanda ngaphezu kwe-XNUMX degrees Celsius, kwaye le ndlela igxininisa.
Ikhephu kunye nomkhenkce, izinto ezisisiseko zokhenketho lwasebusika, ziya zinqaba. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ixesha elibandayo liyancipha, i-glaciers kunye ne-permafrost iyanyibilika, imigca yekhephu iyahlehla, ikhephu eligqumayo liyaphela, kunye nobutyebi bamanzi ahlaziyekileyo buyancipha.
Kwilali yam yeentaba kuMntla weeAlps zaseFransi, ukugquma kwekhephu kufumaneka kwiimitha ezingama-200 okanye ezingama-300 ngaphezulu kunangexesha lobuntwana bam (ndibhekisa apha kwixesha elide kakhulu!). Ukusukela ngo-1980, indawo yokutyibiliza ekhephini efana ne-Aspen eColorado ilahlekelwe yinyanga enye ebusika.
Uphando lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kuphononongo Uhlobo lweTshintsho lwemozulu iye yafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba, kwingqikelelo yokunyuka kwe-2 degrees Celsius, ama-53 ekhulwini eendawo zokuchithela iiholide ze-ski ezingama-2234 eziseYurophu, ummandla ophambili wemidlalo yasebusika, ziya kuthwaxwa kukunqongophala okukhulu kwekhephu. Kwimeko yokunyuka kwama-4 degrees, i-98 ipesenti yabo iya kuchaphazeleka. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwekhephu elenziweyo kunokunciphisa ezi pesenti, ngokulandelelanayo, ukuya kuma-27 kunye nama-71 ekhulwini.
Kodwa ikhephu elenziweyo aliyiyo i-panacea: ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kufuna ukushisa okubandayo; imithamo ebalulekileyo yamanzi iyafuneka; kwaye amandla asetyenziswa yinkqubo anegalelo ngakumbi ekufudumeni.
Idrama kukuba imeko engakholelekiyo yokunyuka kwe-3 ukuya kwi-4-degree ayisekho i-hypothesis.
Ibe yimeko elusizi kodwa ekholelekayo embindini wenkulungwane. INgxelo yoVavanyo yesithandathu ye-IPCC ekhutshwe ngo-Agasti ka-2021 ibonisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunoloyiko.
Ujoliso lwesiVumelwano saseParis sokuncitshiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kunyuso lwe-1.5 degree Celsius kumaqondo obushushu lubonakala ngoku lungafikelelekiyo.
Kodwa ishishini lokutyibiliza ayisililo lodwa ixhoba.
Amanye amacandelo okhenketho lweentaba nawo atsala nzima, njengalawo asekelwe kubukho bezinto eziphilayo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukunyamalala kwe-permafrost kubangela umonakalo kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kunye nokuwa kwamatye ayingozi okusongela i-alpinists.
Iimitha zomkhenkce ezingama-200,000 XNUMX, eziye zezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi, ziyanyibilika yaye zincipha kwiindawo ngeendawo zehlabathi, ngokukodwa kwiiAlps, kwiiAndes nakwiiHimalaya.
Abantu abalishumi elinesibini babulawa ngoJulayi ka-2022 ekuweni komkhenkce wase-Italiya eLa Marmolada.
Ngamafutshane, imiqobo kunye notshintsho olubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi luya kunyanzela abaqhubi bokhenketho lweentaba kunye nemibutho yolawulo lweendawo zokusingwa ukuba bayeke imisebenzi ethile okanye baphumeze imilinganiselo yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokulungelelanisa.
Ukuziqhelanisa nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yako kubonisa imingeni emikhulu ejongene nokhenketho lweentaba - kunye nokhenketho lulonke- kwikamva elibonakalayo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na ishishini lakho elizayo, hlala ukhumbula ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luya kuvelisa isivumelwano esitsha somsebenzi wakho
Indlela eya phambili
Ngokwenyani, imfuno yozinzo oluthe kratya olusisiphumo sobhubhani woyikekayo ihlangabezana nomceli mngeni obekwe yimfuneko yokuphendula. utshintsho lwemozulu -imfuneko eyayikho ngaphambi kweli xesha lingaqhelekanga kodwa iqiniswa nje ngamandla ziziphumo zayo.
Izolo intlekele, i-COVID ngoku inokuguqulwa namhlanje ibe lithuba.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo we-UN ka-2020, “ingxaki ye-Covid-19 lithuba lamanzi lokuqinisekisa ukomelela ngakumbi, okubandakanyayo, ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo. kwixesha elizayo”.
Kwangolo hlobo, i-OECD yaqinisekisa ukuba ngoDisemba 2020
“Ingxaki lithuba lokucinga ngokutsha ngokhenketho ngekamva”.
Kulo mongo, kwaye njengesifundo sobunzima, ukubheja kukhenketho olukufutshane lwasemaphandleni nakwinkcubeko kuya kubonakala kubantu abaninzi njengeyona ndlela ingcono kunokubhabha usiya kwiindawo zolwandle ezithatha uhambo olude.
Okwangoku, amagunya oluntu kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo kwezokhenketho banokufikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo: ukufumana imveliso elinganayo yokugqibela yezoqoqosho, ukukhanya kunye “bulumko” Ukhenketho lokuhlaza lufuna utyalo-mali oluncinci kunokhenketho lwedolophu olubanzi okanye ukhenketho lwaselwandle.
Bafundi abathandekayo,
makhe sithethe ngoqoqosho okomzuzwana. Njengoko nonke nisazi, inkcitho yokuqala eyenziwa lundwendwe kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo akufuneki ithotywe ibe sisenzo esinye sokusetyenziswa.
Imali echithwa kwishishini lezokhenketho – indawo yokutyela, ihotele, ivenkile… – ingenisa ingeniso kwamanye amashishini okhenketho okanye kumashishini akwicandelo eliyeleleneyo, ngokusetyenziswa kwawo okuphakathi, okanye, kumakhaya, ngemivuzo nangemivuzo. iingeniso abazifumanayo. Ngokulandelelana kwamaza agxininisekileyo, inkcitho yokuqala inefuthe esiphelweni soqoqosho lwengingqi luphela.
Oku kubizwa ngokuba, kusetyenziswa intetho ye-Keynesian, i isiphumo sokuphindaphinda yezokhenketho.
Yintoni ebalulekileyo kukuba iifom ze ukhenketho oluthambileyo olumele ukhenketho lwasentabeni (iindawo zokuchithela iiholide eziphakamileyo ezikhutshelwe ngaphandle) kunye nokhenketho lwasemaphandleni olumele, luvumela ubukho bomgangatho ophezulu isiphumo sokuphindaphinda, kwaye ke ngoko inegalelo elimandla ekudaleni imisebenzi nasekupheliseni intlupheko.
Ukuba uhlala kwihotele yeenkwenkwezi ezintlanu, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuchitha yonke imihla ngaphezulu kwendawo yokuhlala yebhajethi enje nge ibhdi nesidlo sakusasa, indlu yokulala, okanye indlu yokulala; kodwa i ukuvuza, njengemivuzo yabasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe okanye ukubuyiswa kwezibonelelo, iya kuba nkulu; ekugqibeleni, imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni ingaba phezulu kwimeko yesibini.
Ukhenketho lwasemaphandleni kunye neentaba kwindawo ephakathi isiphumo somnqweno ofanayo wokuzama ngendlela elungeleleneyo nenenkathalo yokuzonwabisa kunye nenkcubeko, ukuziqhelanisa nemidlalo, kunye thatha iiholide.
Ziindlela ezimbini zokufuna uluntu oluzinzileyo, olunoxolo noluquka wonke umntu.
Ukwenza imali ekuqiniseni imarike yasekhaya, baya kuba ngabaqhubi abaphambili bokubuyisela. Bamele indlela emxinwa eya kuthatha ukhenketho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuya kwixesha lasemva kwe-Covid.
Emva komothuko wobhubhane, ukhenketho lungena kwindawo entsha.
Manene namanenekazi,
masinike ilizwi lokugqibela kuAntonio Guterres, uNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo:
“Kubalulekile ukuba sakhe ngokutsha ukhenketho kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, enobulungisa, nelungele imozulu indlela".
Antonio Guterres, uNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo
