UPaul Hudson, umongameli weyona ntlangano inkulu yokuxhasa abathengi kwinqwelo-moya eUnited States, wafaka amagqabaza kwiSebe lezoThutho lase-US (DOT) nakwiSebe lezoBulungisa laseMelika (DOJ) ephendula isicelo sabo soLwazi (RFI) ngemeko ukhuphiswano kushishino lwezophapho. Olu phononongo lubanzi lubalulekile ekuvavanyeni indlela ukhuphiswano kwishishini lenqwelomoya oluqhubekile nokuncipha kunye nendlela amanyathelo okhuphiswano anokuthi athathwe ngayo kwixesha elizayo.
Iwebhusayithi yeeFlyers Rights ikwabonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nalo mfutshane, kuquka isishwankathelo seengxoxo.
intshayelelo
I-FlyersRights yamkela iinzame ezidibeneyo zeSebe lezoThutho lase-US kunye neSebe lezoBulungisa ukuphonononga ukhuphiswano kwishishini leenqwelomoya. Uphononongo olubanzi loshishino lweenqwelomoya aluzange lwenzeke ukusukela oko kuMthetho wokuLawulwa kweNqwelo-moya ka-1978.
I-arhente enye kuphela enegunya lokujonga indlela yokuziphatha engekho mthethweni, engafanelekanga, nenkohliso yeenqwelo-moya.
Ulwabiwo lwalo lwenkongolo kunye nemida yomthetho kwizohlwayo zokunyanzeliswa akwanelanga ukukhusela abathengi kunye nokhuphiswano.
Kumashumi eminyaka ukususela ekuyekisweni kolawulo, iinqwelo-moya ziye zagxininisa ukuba ukhuphiswano lweemarike, kungekhona ummiselo, luya kunceda ngokufanelekileyo iimfuno zoluntu olubhabhayo ngelixa ngaxeshanye lidibanisa, linciphisa ukhuphiswano, libeka imiqobo yokungena, kunye nokunciphisa ukucaca kolwazi olufunekayo ukuze abathengi benze. izigqibo ezinolwazi.
I-Anti-Competitive Behaviour: Ukulungiswa kweXabiso kunye nokuziphatha koMmandla
Iincwadi zezifundo zokungathembeki zizele zizikim zokulungisa amaxabiso eenqwelo-moya. Ukuqala kamsinya nje emva kokurhoxiswa kommiselo, ezi zicwangciso zokubekwa kwamaxabiso zaye zacaca kwaye zingenabugocigoci. Kodwa ngokuhambelana nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, kuye kwaba nzima ukubhaqa.
Okokuqala, ii-CEO zeenqwelomoya ziya kubiza ezinye ii-CEO ukuba zisete amaxabiso kunye neendlela ngokudibeneyo. Yakuba yohlwaywe loo nto, iinqwelo-moya zafudukela ekwabelaneni ngolwazi lwamaxabiso kunye nothethathethwano ngamaxabiso ngenkampani ephethwe liqela leenqwelomoya. Kutshanje, ulungelelwaniso luthathe uhlobo lokubonakaliswa kwexabiso kunye "nokuziphatha kobuchule."
I-American Airlines kunye ne-Southwest Airlines zabandakanyeka kwisimangalo sesenzo sodidi betyhola ukuba benza iyelenqe lokunyusa inqwelomoya. Zombini iinqwelomoya zalilungisa ityala, kodwa zaphika naziphi na izenzo ezigwenxa.
I-Delta Air Lines kunye ne-United Airlines zibonakala zisekulingweni nazo. Kwiifowuni zabanikazi bezabelo zikawonkewonke, iinqwelomoya zaziza kubonisa ukuba zifuna ukugcina “ubuchule bobuchule.” Ngamanye amazwi, bazama ukunciphisa imveliso ukunyusa amaxabiso. Ukwahlula amaxabiso okukhwela kwimenyu yeefizi nako kwenza ulungelelwaniso lwamaxabiso aphezulu.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezininzi zonyuse umrhumo webhegi kwindawo yokutshixa.
Iimanyano kunye namaphulo adibeneyo
Ukongeza kwintshukumo ehlangeneyo, ephunyezwa ngokulula ngakumbi kwishishini eligxile kakhulu, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya zibandakanyeke kwizivumelwano kunye namashishini adibeneyo agxininisa ngakumbi kushishino kuba amalungu omanyano akakhuphisani.
I-American Airlines kunye ne-JetBlue Airways zithathe inxaxheba kwi-Northeast Alliance malunga neminyaka emithathu, ibenza bakwazi ukulungelelanisa iinqwelomoya kunye nengeniso ye-pool. I-Delta, i-American, kunye ne-United ngamalungu amathathu adibeneyo ohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenqwelomoya ezinkulu zangaphandle kunye neenqwelomoya zase-US ezifana ne-Alaska Airlines kunye ne-Hawaiian Airlines. I-JetBlue ingene kwisivumelwano somfelandawonye kunye neenkampani zeenqwelomoya ezisuka kumashishini amathathu adibeneyo ngaphandle kokuba lilungu lomanyano olusemthethweni.
ISebe lezoBulungisa lichaza ukuba ezi manyano zintathu zeenqwelomoya zilawula i-82% ye-United States-European Union ye-European Union kwimarike yokuhamba ngomoya.
Isebe lezoThutho linikezela ngokhuseleko lokungathembeki kwezi nqwelomoya ngaphandle kwenkcaso yokuba ishishini leenqwelomoya liyaqhubeka nokugxila kakhulu. Ngomkhuphisani ngamnye ozimeleyo othathwe kwindlela ye-Atlantiki kunye nabakhuphisana abane, amaxabiso anyuka nge-7%.
ISebe lezoBulungisa likwafumanise ukuba izibonelelo zokukhuphisana kolu manyano lweenqwelomoya azixhomekekanga kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezinokhuselo lokungathembeki.
Ubunini obuqhelekileyo
Uninzi lwabanini zabelo abalishumi abaphezulu kuyo nayiphi na inqwelo moya yase-US bangabona banezabelo eziphezulu kwezinye iinqwelomoya zase-US. Ukuba ngabanini beenqwelo-moya eziqhelekileyo kunciphisa inkuthazo yokuba inkampani enye yeenqwelo-moya ikhuphisane ngokuqatha, ithobe amaxabiso ayo, okanye ingene kwimarike entsha. Inyusa amaxabiso kwaye inciphisa imveliso kwishishini leenqwelomoya.
I-Antitrust Immunity kunye ne-International Airline Alliances, iQela loHlalutyo loQoqosho, iSebe lezoBulungisa.
IPHEPHA LENXOXO
Uphononongo lophando olwenziwa nguAzar luqikelela ukuba ubunini obuqhelekileyo benqwelomoya "bonyusa ugxininiso malunga nokusuka kubathwali abanobungakanani obulinganayo ukuya kwabathwali abanobungakanani obulinganayo."
I-Azar iqikelela ukuba ubunini obuqhelekileyo bomndilili wendlela yenqwelomoya “bungaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10 ubukhulu kunomphakamo ‘kunokwandisa amandla entengiso’ kwimeko yokudityaniswa kwemveli, ngokweziKhokelo zokuDityaniswa kwee-Horizontal ze-US Antitrust Agencies.”
UAzar uqukumbela ngelithi "ilizwi, inkuthazo, kunye nokuvota-kunye nokungenzi nto" ziindlela zobunini obuqhelekileyo bonakalisa ukhuphiswano.
Ukuchaswa koMgaqo wokuNgafihli
Imarike ekhuphisanayo ifuna umthengi onolwazi oxhotyisiweyo ukuba enze isigqibo esinengqiqo. Ukuze ukhuphiswano luphumelele, abakhweli kufuneka babe nolwazi ngemenyu ehlala ikhula yeefizi ezincedisayo ezahluka-hlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiindlela, imihla, umkhweli ngamnye, kunye nomhla okanye indawo ehlawulwe intlawulo yokuncedisa.
Ngomhla we-17 ku-Epreli, i-2024, iSebe lezoThutho lapapasha umgaqo wokugqibela ofuna ukuba iinqwelo-moya zichaze imirhumo eyongezelelweyo ebalulekileyo xa ulwazi lokukhwela kunye neshedyuli lunikezelwa kumthengi. Le mirhumo yokuncedisa ibandakanya intlawulo yebhegi ejongwa kuqala, intlawulo yebhegi etshekishwa okwesibini, imali oyithwalayo, intlawulo yokutshintsha, kunye nentlawulo yokurhoxisa.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-Airlines zaseMelika, i-American Airlines, i-Delta Air Lines, i-United Airlines, i-JetBlue Airways, i-Alaska Airlines, i-Hawaiian Airlines, i-International Air Transport Association, kunye ne-National Air Carrier Association zimangalele ukuba zingasebenzi lo mgaqo.
Lo mthetho ubunokuthi uphucule ukhuphiswano.
Ukuba iinkampani zeenqwelomoya zinendlela yazo, ziya kuwisa uMthetho wokuThengisa imali epheleleyo. Nje ukuba kwenziwe umthetho ocetywayo, baphembelela ngamandla ukubhloka kunye
Emva koko, yacelwa umngeni enkundleni, yaye ngoku ilukhuselo olusisiseko kubakhweli.
Ububodwa beSango, i-Slot Squatting, kunye ne-Airport Dominance.
Abathwali bomsebenzi bathintele ukhuphiswano ngokubeka imiqobo yokungena kwabo banokuba ngabakhuphisani. Ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezinqatyisiweyo kunye namasango akhethekileyo, abathwali abafanelekileyo bakwenza kube nzima ngokwezimali nangokwenyama ukukhuphisana kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.
Uninzi lwezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinkulu, kubandakanya iCharlotte, Dallas, Philadelphia, Houston International, Washington Dulles, Atlanta, Detroit, Salt Lake City, kunye neMinneapolis, zilawulwa yinqwelomoya enye yase-US. Iinqwelomoya eziya okanye ezisuka kwindawo enqatyisiweyo ziza namaxabiso anyuswe ngokungeyomfuneko.
Ngokulawula indlela yokungena kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngezivumelwano zexesha elide, iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ezisebenzayo zinokukuthintela ukungena kweenqwelo-moya ezintsha emarikeni. Uninzi lwala masango ahlala engasetyenziswanga, enzakalise abakhweli kunye nokhuphiswano.
Iziphumo ezichasene nokhuphiswano lobunini obuqhelekileyo
Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezintathu zase-US zinomthamo-zinyanzelwe kwaye zinenkqubo yokubeka eyonganyelwe yi-FAA.
Inkqubo yokungcakaza yenzelwe ukunciphisa ingxinano ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuba izikhululo zeenqwelo moya zinokusebenza abakhweli abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ngokuchaseneyo nenjongo yenkqubo kunye nobungozi bayo kukhuphiswano, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya zibandakanyeka "kwi-slot squatting," apho ziqhuba iinqwelomoya ezinomthwalo ophantsi kuphela ukuthintela inkampani ekhuphisana nayo ekufumaneni eso sithuba.
IiNkqubo zoNyaniseko lweenqwelomoya
Iinkqubo zokuvuza ngokunyaniseka zenza imiqobo ekungeneni. Ayizi kuphela ezi zinto zisiza neenkxalabo zabucala zedatha, imirhumo yokuhlawulela izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo, kunye nemihla yokuphelelwa kwexesha rhoqo ngaphandle kwesaziso, kodwa ezi nkqubo zibangela ukuba abathengi babone amaxabiso aphezulu.
izisombululo
Buyela kwiiSango eziqhelekileyo
EUnited States, iinqwelo-moya eziphambili zinokulawula ipesenti enkulu yamasango esikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngokuqeshisa okunengeniso kwexesha elide nesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Olu lawulo lutyhalela ngaphandle abo bakhuphisana nabo kwaye lubatyhafise abo banokubakho ukuba bangene emarikeni. Uqeshiso lwamasango akhethekileyo luyimveliso yaseMelika yakutsha nje. Iingqeshiso zamasango akhethekileyo kufuneka zichazwe ngokwaneleyo njengezenzo ezichasene nokhuphiswano xa zisusa abo bakhuphisana nabo kwaye zibathintele abo banokubakho.
IMbuyekezo yokuLibazisa ngeFlight kunye nokuBuyiselana/iMithetho ye-Interline
ISebe lezoThutho kufuneka libhengeze umthetho wembuyekezo wokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya kunye nomgaqo wokubuyisela ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwangexesha kwimiba ephantsi kolawulo lomthwali.
Abakhweli baseMelika bafumana umonakalo xa inqwelomoya ibangela ukulibaziseka, ukurhoxiswa, okanye ukuphazamiseka. Abathwali base-US baqhelene nembuyekezo yokulibaziseka, njengoko imimiselo ye-EU kunye neNgqungquthela yaseMontreal ifuna imbuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwiinqwelomoya zamazwe ngamazwe.
