Izithuthi ezizimeleyo azikhuselekanga ukuba zingasetyenziswa kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke I-Consumer Watchdog ixelele iNdlu yeeNgwevu yase-US namhlanje, isisiseko sesilumkiso sayo kuhlalutyo lweengxelo ezifunekayo ezivela kwiinkampani ezivavanya iimoto zerobhothi eCalifornia kwaye ibize iisenethi ukuba zimise umthetho oyilwayo oya kuvumela iimoto zerobhothi eluntwini. iindlela.
I-Senate ithathela ingqalelo umthetho-mali weerobhothi, i-AV Start Act, S. 1885, eyavunywa yiKomiti yezoRhwebo, iNzululwazi, kunye nezoThutho kulo nyaka uphelileyo. USenan Dianne Feinstein, D-CA, ubeke uxwebhu kumthetho oyilwayo kuba ukhathazekile kukhuseleko lweemoto zerobhothi nokuba itekhnoloji ilungele iindlela zikawonke-wonke.
Kwileta evulekileyo eya kwiiSenethi, uJohn M. Simpson, uMlawuli weProjekthi yabucala kunye neTekhnoloji kunye noSahiba Sindhu, Ummeli wabaThengi, ulumkise iisenetha ukuba itekhnoloji ayikakulungeli ukuthunyelwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
"Ingayinto enkulu eyoyikisayo kuluntu ukuba iNdlu yeeNgwevu igunyazise ukuthunyelwa kweemoto zerobhothi ngaphandle kokukhuselwa okufuna ukuqinisekiswa kwezithuthi xa kuvavanywa kubonisa imeko yetekhnoloji isongela uluntu ukuba umqhubi ongumntu akanakho ukuthatha imoto," ubhale.
Iingxelo zaseKhalifoniya zatyhila ukuba iimoto zerobhothi ezavavanywayo azikwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi wokwenza izigqibo ezenziwa ngabantu yonke imihla xa beqhuba. Phakathi kweentsilelo ezazifuna ukuba umqhubi wovavanyo lomntu athathe ulawulo:
• Ukungaphumeleli komqondiso weGPS,
• izibane ezimthubi ezimfutshane kune-avareji,
• ukuhla okukhawulezileyo kwezithuthi zasesitalatweni,
• ukuvalwa kwendlela ngokukhawuleza,
• iimoto ezimiswe ngendlela engeyiyo kufutshane
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesoftware
“Kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba iimoto ezizisebenzelayo ziyakwazi ukuziqhuba phambi kokuba sizibeke ezindleleni zikawonkewonke. Yintoni eyenza imoto iziqhubele ngaphandle koluvo lomenzi wemoto onomdla ekuthengiseni imveliso yabo? Umthetho kufuneka ukhusele uluntu ngokuchonga imigangatho eqinisekisa ukuba iimoto ezintsha ezindleleni zingafezekisa amandla azo, ”utshilo uSimpson noSindhu kwileta yabo eya kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu.
Iinkampani ezingamashumi amabini zikhuphe ekuphela kwedatha ekhoyo esidlangalaleni malunga nemeko yetekhnoloji yeemoto zerobhothi kwiSebe leZithuthi laseCalifornia. Iingxelo ezifunekayo "zokukhutshwa kweengxelo" ezikhutshwe kwiveki ephelileyo zibonisa iimoto eziqhuba ngokwakho azikwazi ukuhamba ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-5,596 kwimeko entle ngaphandle komqhubi wovavanyo lomntu othatha ivili. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izithuthi azinakho ukuhamba ngaphezulu kwamakhulu ambalwa eekhilomitha ngaphandle kokufuna ungenelelo lomntu, utshilo uMthengi oQaphela abaSebenzi.
Ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lwayo lweengxelo zokuyekiswa ukusebenza, iqela elingenzi nzuzo, elingenamdla kwiqela loluntu elicele iSeneti ukuba imise umthetho we-AV START:
“Umthengi ujonge ukuba ubambe iqhaza ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko kuhola wendlela kwaye umise umthetho i-AV START Act, S. 1885, ngaphandle kokuba ulungisiwe ukuze ufune ukunyanzeliswa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko esebenza ngokukodwa kubuchwephesha bokuzimela. Okwangoku, xa kujongwa imeko yetekhnoloji njengoko kubonisiwe ngabaphuhlisi ngokwabo, nawuphina umthetho we-AV kufuneka ufune umqhubi ongumntu emva kwevili lokuqhuba elinakho ukulawula. ”
I-Consumer Watchdog ifuna "imigaqo eyenziwe ngocoselelo, imilinganiselo yokusebenza echongiweyo, kunye nenkqubo yesatifikethi eqinisekisa itekhnoloji ayizukubeka engozini uluntu ukuba umqhubi ongumntu akakwazi ukuthatha into ebizwa ngokuba 'kukuziqhuba'."
Iinkampani ezingamashumi amabini ezinemvume yokuvavanya iimoto zerobhothi eCalifornia zacelwa ukuba zifayil "iingxelo zokuyekiswa", ezibandakanya uluhlu lweemayile zango-2017 eziqhutywa kwimowudi ezimeleyo kunye nenani lamaxesha obuchwephesha betekhnoloji yeerobhothi. Iingxelo zikhutshwe kwiveki ephelileyo. Zisithoba zezo nkampani, kubandakanya iWaymo (inkampani encinci yomzali kaGoogle) kunye ne-GM Cruise, banikezela ngedatha ethile ebonisa izizathu zethekhnoloji yeerobhothi ukuba isilele.
UWaymo uthe itekhnoloji yemoto yeerobhothi iye yalahla amaxesha angama-63, okanye kube kanye qho kwiikhilomitha ezingama-5,596 ngenxa yokusilela kubuchwepheshe hayi "iimeko ezingaphandle" ezinje ngemozulu, ukwakhiwa kwendlela, okanye izinto ezingalindelekanga, njengoko kuhlala kucingwa njalo. Ezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokuba kutheni abaqhubi bovavanyo lomntu kufuneka belawule imoto yeerobhothi kukusilela kwihardware, isoftware kunye nokuqonda, yatsho ingxelo kaWaymo.
Icandelo le-GM's Cruise, elibanga ukuba liya kubeka iimoto zerobhothi endleleni ukuze zisetyenziswe nguwonke-wonke ngo-2019, zifake iimayile zesibini kwiinkampani ebekufuneka zinike ingxelo ngovavanyo lwabo. Iimoto zayo zahamba, zizonke iimayile ezili-131,675 kwaye zine-105 zokungabandakanywa okanye enye kwiikhilomitha ezili-1,254.
Ingxelo ye-GM Cruise ityhile ukuba iimoto zayo zeerobhothi azinakuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo indlela abaqhubi babantu abaziphatha ngayo, njengoko i-44 kwi-105 yokuyekiswa (malunga ne-40%) apho umqhubi ethathe ulawulo yayizimo apho ubuchwepheshe be-GM Cruise busilele xa bezama ukuphendula abanye abaqhubi indlela.
Zonke ezinye iinkampani ezikhuphe idatha ethile echaza izizathu zokungabikho emsebenzini, kubandakanya iNissan kunye neDrive.ai, itekhnoloji yokuqalisa edibene neLyft, iqinisekisile amava kaWaymo kunye neGM Cruise. AbakwaNissan bathi bavavanya iimoto ezintlanu, bafaka i-5007 yeemayile kwaye banamalungu angama-24. Okwangoku, iDrive.ai ine-151 yokuyekiswa ukusebenza kwi-6,572 yeekhilomitha inkampani ingene.
Ileta yabathengi yabathengi yathi:
“Injongo ye-S. 1885 kukuphucula ukhuseleko kuhola wendlela ngokuhambisa ubuchwepheshe beHighly Automated Vehicle (HAV). USihlalo weKomiti yezoRhwebo uSenator uJohn Thune ubanga ukuba 'ukhuseleko… izibonelelo zokuziqhuba zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba zingalibazisa.' Nangona kunjalo, inyani ibonisa ukuba ezi moto zinokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kuluntu kunokuba abenzi bobuchwephesha babucala be-AV beqinisekise ngokulahlekisa eluntwini. ”
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- “It would be a great threat to the public for the Senate to authorize the deployment of robot cars without protections requiring certification of the vehicles when testing shows the state of the technology imperils the public if a human driver cannot take over the car,”.
- Senate today, basing its warning on an analysis of required reports from companies testing robot cars in California and called on senators to halt a bill that would allow robot cars on public roads.
- GM’s Cruise division, which claims it will put robot cars on the road for public use in 2019, logged the second-most miles of the companies that were required to report on their testing.
