I-Hippie Trail yayidibanisa iMpuma neNtshona. Lwalunyusa njani ukhenketho eNepal? Ukunyuka nokuwa kwexesha le-hippie eNepal kunye nokumila kwayo kwezokhenketho…
Ulutsha oluninzi lwatshayela kwihlabathi lonke ngeminyaka yoo-'60s - lujonge ukubaleka ubomi obuphithizelayo basemva kwemfazwe. Ibekwe kwintliziyo yaseMzantsi Asia, ikomkhulu elincinci, Kathmandu kungekudala yajika yaba lolona khetho lubalaseleyo phakathi kweqela.
Njengoko uKathmandu wayebasebenzela ngolonwabo olubonakalayo, nangona kunjalo, intsangu kunye nehashishi zazithengiswa ngokusemthethweni ngexabiso eliphantsi. – ngokufikelelekayo.
Kungekudala, iKathmandu yathontelana kunye nabakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ilizwi lasasazeka ngokukhawuleza malunga nelizwe elincinci lasezulwini elineencopho eziphakamileyo kunye nolonwabo 'oluphezulu'. Amashumi amawaka abakhenkethi baseNtshona bangena eNepal ngeSilk Road.
The I-Silk Road yayiyindlela yorhwebo yamandulo eyayidibanisa ihlabathi laseNtshona neAsia. Njengoko intshukumo yeeHippie yaqala, indlela nayo yanikwa igama elithi 'Hippie Trail.'
Ukudibanisa iMpuma ukuya eNtshona: I-Hippie Trail
I-Hippie Trail yayiyindlela eyatsala abahambi abaninzi abanomoya okhululekileyo, ababizwa ngokuba ziihippies, ababehamba ngeNepal nakwezinye iindawo zaseAsia. Oku kwakhokelela ekwandeni kwabantu basemzini abaneenwele ezinde neendevu ababehlola iKathmandu, nto leyo efak’ isandla kwimeko-bume edlamkileyo neyahlukahlukeneyo yesi sixeko ngelo xesha.
Abantu abakwi-Hippie Trail babephakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-30 yeminyaka ubudala kwaye bamkela ingqondo ekhululekile, ekhululekile eyayichasa imfazwe. Baye babonakala ngokukhululeka kwabo, indalo yokuhlola, befuna amava amatsha kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphila.
I-Kathmandu Durbar Square (Basantapur) yayiyeyona nto iphambili kwiihippies eziye eNepal ngeIstanbul. IJhonchhe – isitalato esimxinwa esisemazantsi eDurbar Square – sathiywa ngokuba yiFreak Street – njengoko ivumba leziyobisi zendalo lenyuka ngaphezu kwesibhakabhaka.
IFreak Street yaziguqula yaba luphawu olwaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Intsangu kunye neziyobisi ezinjalo zazithengiswa ngokusemthethweni kwiivenkile ezincinci kwiFreak Street - kwaye zazinokutyiwa ngokuphandle kwizakhiwo zaseDurbar, zonwabele isihlwele esifanayo.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, iKathmandu yaphithizela yaye izele bubomi, ineehippie ezinxibe iimpahla ezimibalabala nobuso obudlamkileyo.
Isitalato iFreak sidale saza saphucula amandla okhenketho lwaseNepal – nto leyo eyayingaziwa ngaphambili.
Ixesha le-1965-1973 - i-Hippie Era - lenze iNepal ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuya kubabhali abadumileyo, amagcisa kunye neefilosofi. Kwala maHippies afanayo abe negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso lobugcisa bale mihla baseNepalese, umculo, kunye noncwadi - singasathethi ke ngokhenketho olukhulayo.
UKumkani ongasekhoyo waseNepal u-Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah ukhuthaze ukuthengiswa nokuhanjiswa kwaloo mayeza okuzonwabisa endaweni yokuvalwa umlomo.
Ngokuthontelana kweendwendwe zamazwe angaphandle, iNepal yachuma kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo. Kodwa umkhwa awukwazanga ukuhlala ixesha elide njenge-American Prez. URichard Nixon wayengenako ukonwabisa ulutsha lwaseNtshona olusebenzisa iziyobisi. Amanyathelo kaNixon okumisa ngokupheleleyo oku abekiwe.
Ngokwembono kaNixon, intsangu, ihashish namafanasini yayiziintshaba zebutho labantu elomeleleyo. Ngokwembono yezopolitiko, le yayiyinzame zakhe ezisileleyo zokunqanda ubukomanisi obukhulayo. Ngo-1972, uNixon wabhengeza ukuba iUnited States ayizukubonelela ngomkhosi, ngemali okanye naluphi na olunye uncedo kulo naliphi na ilizwe elikhulula ukuthengiswa, ukuhanjiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsangu.
Ke, ukuphela kweXesha leHippie
Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lukaNixon kunye nokusekwa kwe-Arhente yoNyanzeliso lweDrugs (DEA) kwi-1973, i-Hippie Paradise yaseNepal yadibana nokuphela kwayo.
Abasemagunyeni batshabalalisa izityalo.
Abantu baseNepal neehippie abazange bavuyiswe kukubona oku kufuduka kurhulumente. Omabini la maqela acatshukiswa linyathelo lezopolitiko.
Urhulumente waseNepal waqala amanyathelo okumisa ukungena kweehippies eNepal. Njengomgaqo-nkqubo, isizwe sayeka ukunika ii-visa kubantu abaneenwele ezinde kunye neendevu. IiHippies zazicheba iintloko zazo kwaye kamva zikhulise iinwele zazo eNepal. Phezu kwayo nje le migudu, umsebenzi weehippie waqhubeka iminyaka embalwa.
Nantsi isicatshulwa sodliwano-ndlebe oludala:
Ngokuka-Swamiji oneminyaka engama-56 ubudala, urhulumente akanakunqanda ukulinywa kwe-cannabis njengoko iyindlela yokuphila kwabaninzi.
IiHippies kunye nabahlali babenexhala ngakumbi malunga nokuza kulandela kwikomkhulu leehippie. Ngokuka-Swamiji oneminyaka engama-56 ubudala, urhulumente akanakunqanda ukulinywa kwe-cannabis njengoko iyindlela yokuphila kwabaninzi. Ehleli phakathi kweehippies zaseJamani naseFransi, enxibe umnqwazi waseNepalese (Dhaka Topi), uSwamiji wacaphuka, “Bangayivala njani i-cannabis? I-Cannabis sisiseko sokuphila kwamafama aseNepal. Balima irayisi nentsangu ngokulinganayo.”
Ecaleni kwazo kukho udonga olunesaziso esibhaliweyo esithi, “AWUKWALELWE UKUTSHA ICHILILAM APHA.”
Kodwa uChillum wayephoswa ngapha nangapha kwiqela likaSwamiji. “Abantu baseNtshona beza kuthi ukuze bafumane umthunzi opholileyo wolwazi lokomoya nolwentanda-bulumko; singanqanda njani? wongeza ezolile.
Utshintsho lwezentlalo nezopolitiko eNepal Emva koko
Ukuvalwa kowona mthombo wengeniso wamafama aseNepal kuye kwayingcangcazelisa iNepal. Amashumi amawaka amafama afikelele esiphelweni sendlala emva kokuba urhulumente etshise iifama zabo zentsangu. Abanye babanjwa nabo. Inani labatyeleli abavela kumazwe ngamazwe lehla, kwanoqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ithuba lalilelona lihle, kumakomanisi aseNepal athethe ngokuthanda amafama kwaye azikhulisele wona.
IQela lamaKomanisi, lasebenzisa ithuba lezikhalazo zasekuhlaleni, leyisela abantu ukuba iingxaki zabo zaziya kuconjululwa kuphela ngokubhukuqa urhulumente ngogonyamelo.
Imfazwe kaNixon kwiziyobisi kunye nobukomanisi bambuyisela umva. Imfazwe yabantu bakaMaoist – iMvukelo kaMaoist – eyaqala eRukum-Rolpa, eyayibizwa ngokuba lithemba elitsha lenguqu, yaba lilizwe lonke ngexeshana elifutshane.
AmaMaoist, awaba ngumkhosi welizwe lonke, aphantse amisa yonke into ngokuqhankqalaza kulo lonke ilizwe. Xa imfazwe exhobileyo echasene nobukhosi yaphela ngo-2006 emva kweminyaka elishumi, ilizwe lalingama-80 ekhulwini kulawulo lweMaoist.
AmaMaoist anyukele phezulu kwezopolitiko zeli lizwe ngokuphelisa ubukhosi bukaShah Dynasty ngembali yeminyaka engama-240. Kwanasemva kokufika kwedemokhrasi eNepal, kwafuneka ukuba idlule kumahla ndinyuka amaninzi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamandla okuthe gqolo.
Isitalato iFreak, ecaleni kwamatyotyombe athe akubona konke oku, sikhangeleka sinesithukuthezi namhlanje.
Utshintsho olutsha lubonakala ngokucacileyo kungekuphela nje kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezopolitiko zelizwe kodwa nakwiFreak Street.
Ukuhla ngeFreak Street yangoku, ivumba elidala alinakwenza nabani na ukuba abe 'phezulu' namhlanje. Kodwa nabani na osuka kwiHippie Era ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuziva enxilile.
Ezinye iivenkile kunye neeresityu zeHippie Era zisekhona. Nangona kunjalo, i-'Hashish Hot Chocolate' itshintshile yaba 'yi-Hot Chocolate', kwaye 'i-Ganja Milk Coffee' itshintshele kwi-'Cafe Latte'. Kwaye iihippie ziye zatshintsha zaba zii-'hipsters'.
