Ulawulo lweQatar Air Blockade: Uloyiso kwi-UAE, Bahrain, Egypt naseSaudi Arabia

Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi hayi kuphela Indlela yomoya yaseQatars, kodwa ngenxa yeKatar njengesizwe.

Inyathelo nenyathelo iimpikiswano ezenziwa yiSaudi Arabia, iBahrain, i-Egypt kunye ne-United Arab Emirates zokuthethelela ukuvalwa komoya kwabo ngokuchasene neQatar ziyachithwa, kwaye isikhundla seQatar siyangqinwa. La ngamagama omphathiswa wezothutho eQatar uJassim Saif Ahmed Al-Sulaiti ukuphendula isigwebo esikhutshwe yiNkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe eNetherlands namhlanje.

NgoJuni ka-2018, i-Qatar yayisongelwa Ngabamelwane bayo iBahrain, i-Egypt, i-UAE, kunye ne-Saudi Arabia ukuba ziguqulwe zibe sisiqithi.

Namhlanje, kwimpumelelo enkulu eQatar, iNkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe e-The Hague igwebe nge-14 kaJulayi ukuba umlindi wezokuloba we-UN unelungelo lokuva isikhalazo malunga nokuvalwa "okungekho mthethweni" okwenziwe e-Qatar ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3 yi-Saudi Arabia , Bahrain, Egypt, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates.

NgoJuni 2017, i-bloc ekhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia yaqhawula ubudlelwane bayo ne-Qatar, etyhola ilizwe elinobutyebi obungummangaliso kodwa ilizwe elincinci ngokuxhasa ubugrogrisi bamanye amazwe kunye nokuxhasa i-Iran-utshaba olukhulu lwengingqi yase-Saudi Arabia. Imida yavalwa kwangoko kwaye abemi baseQatari bagxothwa kumazwe athintelayo kwimbambano engekasonjululwa.

Inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya kuphela eQatar yinkampani ephethwe ngurhulumente iQatar Airways ekhawuleze yaqala ukuphambukisa inqwelomoya ngeenxa zonke zomoya wezizwe ezivalelayo. I-airline nayo ine-4 ngaphandle kweemarike eziqolileyo ngokukhawuleza zatshatyalaliswa.

Umbuso waseQatar ufake isimangalo kwi-UN ye-Civil Civil Aviation Organisation (i-ICAO) ukuzama ukuphumelela isigqibo esisemthethweni sokuba ukuvalwa ngokusemthethweni bekungekho semthethweni nto leyo eza kuvumela iQatar Airways ukuba iqale ukubhabha ngokukhululekileyo ngaphezulu kweSaudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, kunye iUnited Arab Emirates.

I-ICAO igwebe ukuba inelungelo lokuva isikhalazo kodwa ibloc ekhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia yabhenela kwisigqibo esathi ekugqibeleni saya kwiNkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe. I-ICJ yazikhaba ngawo omane izizathu ezi-3 zesibheno eziphakanyiswe yi-bloc ekhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia, ifumanisa ukuba i-ICAO inegunya lokumamela amabango e-Qatar.

Amazwe avaliweyo azamile ukuphikisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe aphesheya yokusetyenziswa kwesithuba somoya-esaziwa njengeNgqungquthela yaseChicago- khange sisebenze kuba imeko ibinkulu kakhulu, kwaye ibhlokhi ibisisiphumo ngqo seQatar exhasa kwaye ixhasa abanqolobi.

Umphathiswa Wezothutho waseQatar uJassim Saif Ahmed Al-Sulaiti usamkele esi sigwebo esithi le bloc ikhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia ngoku "ingagqibela ngokujongana nomthetho ngenxa yokwaphula imithetho yezamazwe."

"Inyathelo nenyathelo iingxoxo zabo ziyapheliswa, kwaye isikhundla seQatar siyangqinwa," uqhubeke watsho.

Isibheno esimalunga nolawulo lweBhunga le-ICAO phantsi kweNqaku lama-84 lesivumelwano kwi-International Civil Aviation (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia kunye ne-United Arab Emirates v. Qatar)

Inkundla iyasikhaba isibheno esiziswe yi-Bahrain, i-Egypt, i-Saudi Arabi, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates kwisigqibo se-ICAO Council

I-HAGUE, nge-14 kaJulayi 2020. INkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICJ), icandelo eliyintloko lezomthetho kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo, namhlanje lenze isigwebo sayo kwiSibheno esimalunga nolawulo lweBhunga le-ICAO phantsi kweNqaku lama-84 lesivumelwano se-International Civil. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia kunye ne-United Arab Emirates v. Qatar).

Kwisigwebo sayo, esigqibeleleyo, ngaphandle kokubhena kunye nokuzibophelela kumaQela, kwiNkundla

(1) uyala, ngamxhelo-mnye, isibheno esiziswe buBukumkani baseBahrain, iRiphabhlikhi yase-Arab yase-Egypt, i-Kingdom yase-Saudi Arabia kunye ne-United Arab Emirates nge-4 kaJulayi 2018 kwisigqibo seBhunga le-International Civil Aviation Organisation, yomhla 29 kweyeSilimela 2018;

(2) ubambe, ngevoti ezilishumi elinesihlanu kwenye, ukuba iBhunga loMbutho wezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe linamagunya okonwabisa isicelo esithunyelwe nguRhulumente kaRhulumente waseQatar nge-30 ka-Okthobha ka-2017 kwaye isicelo eso samkelekile.

Imbali yenkqubo

Ngesicelo esidibeneyo esifakwe kwiRegistry yeNkundla nge-4 kaJulayi 2018, oorhulumente baseBahrain, i-Egypt, iSaudi Arabia, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates bafaka isibheno ngokuchasene nesigqibo esenziwe liBhunga le-ICAO ngomhla wama-29 kuJuni ngo-2018 kwinkqubo eziswe ngaphambili. iBhunga
I-Qatar nge-30 ka-Okthobha ka-2017, ngokuhambelana neCandelo lama-84 leNgqungquthela yezoMkhosi wezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ("Ingqungquthela yaseChicago"). Ezo nkqubo zaqaliswa emva kokuqhawulwa nguRhulumente wase-Bahrain, e-Egypt, e-Saudi Arabia kunye ne-United Arab Emirates yobudlelwane bezopolitiko ne-Qatar kunye nokwamkelwa, nge-5 kaJuni 2017, yamanyathelo othintelo anxulumene nomhlaba, ulwandle kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana looRhulumente, obandakanya izithintelo ezithile zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ngokuka-Bahrain, i-Egypt, i-Saudi Arabia, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates, ezi
kuthathwe amanyathelo othintelo ukuphendula ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe yi-Qatar ngezibophelelo zayo phantsi kwezivumelwano ezithile zelizwe apho amazwe aseMelika abandakanyeka khona, kubandakanya, ngakumbi, isiVumelwano saseRiyadh somhla wama-23 nowama-24 kuNovemba ka-2013, kunye nezinye izibophelelo phantsi komthetho wamazwe aphesheya.

I-Bahrain, i-Egypt, i-Saudi Arabia, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates baphakamise izichaso phambi kweBhunga le-ICAO, besithi iBhunga alinamagunya "okusombulula amabango aphakanyiswe" yi-Qatar kwisicelo sayo kwaye la mabango ayamkelekanga. Ngesigqibo sayo
Nge-29 kaJuni 2018, iBhunga lazikhaba ezi nkcaso. I-Bahrain, i-Egypt, i-Saudi Arabia, kunye ne-United Arab Emirates bagqibe kwelokuba babhenele kwisigqibo phambi kweNkundla, njengoko kubonelelwe yi-Article 84 yeNgqungquthela yaseChicago, kwaye bafaka isicelo ngokudibeneyo.

Kwisicelo sabo esihlanganyelweyo kwiNkundla, abhena bafaka izizathu ezintathu zokubhena kwisigqibo esenziwe liBhunga le-ICAO ngomhla wama-29 kuJuni 2018. Okokuqala, bangenisa ukuba iSigqibo seBhunga “kufuneka sibekelwe bucala ngenxa yokuba inkqubo eyamkelwe ngu [ le yokugqibela] yabonakala inesiphene kwaye yaphula imigaqo esisiseko yenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nelungelo lokumanyelwa ”. Kwisibheno sabo sesibini, baqinisekisa ukuba iBhunga "lenze impazamo kwaye ngokwasemthethweni ngokwala inkcaso yokuqala. . . ngokubhekiselele kubuchule beBhunga le-ICAO ”.

Ngokutsho kwabo baBhenayo, ukubhengeza kwimpikiswano bekuya kufuna iBhunga ukuba ligwebe kwimibuzo engaphandle kwegunya lalo, ngakumbi malunga nokuchasene nomthetho, kubandakanya "izithintelo ezithile zomoya", ezamkelwe ngaBabhena. Ngenye indlela, kwaye ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, bathi amabango eQatar awamkelekanga. Phantsi kwesizathu sesithathu sesibheno, bayaphikisa ukuba iBhunga lenze impazamo xa lasala isichaso sabo sokuqala sokuqala.

Isichaso eso sasisekwe kwibango lokuba iQatar iye yasilela ukwanelisa umqathango wothethathethwano oluqulathwe kwiNqaku 84 leNgqungquthela yaseChicago, kwaye ngenxa yoko iBhunga laliswele igunya. Njengenxalenye yesichaso eso, baphinde bathi amabango eQatar awamkelekanga
kuba iQatar khange ihambisane neemfuno zenkqubo ezichazwe kwiNqaku 2, umhlathana (g), weMithetho ye-ICAO yokuCwangciswa koNyaka

Ukwakhiwa kweNkundla

Inkundla yenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: UMongameli Yusuf; Usekela-Mongameli Xue; Abagwebi Tomka, Abraham, Cançado Trindade, Donoghue, Gaja, Sebutinde, Bhandari, Robinson, Crawford, Gevorgian, Salam, Iwasawa; Abagwebi ngokukhawuleza Berman, Daudet; Umbhalisi uGautier.

Ijaji uCANÇADO TRINDADE ufakela uluvo olwahlukileyo kwiSigwebo seNkundla; Ujaji GEVORGIAN ufaka isimemezelo kuMgwebo weNkundla; Ujaji okwexeshana uBERMAN ufaka uluvo olwahlukileyo kwiSigwebo seNkundla.

Inkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICJ) lelona candelo ligwebileyo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo.

Yasekwa nguMgaqo-siseko weZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoJuni 1945 kwaye yaqala imisebenzi yayo ngo-Epreli 1946. Inkundla inamalungu ali-15 anyulwe isithuba seminyaka esithoba yi-General Assembly kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Isihlalo seNkundla sikwiNdlu yoXolo eHague (eNetherlands). Inkundla inendima ezimbini: okokuqala, ukuzinzisa, ngokuhambelana nomthetho wamazwe aphesheya, ngezigqibo ezinamandla okubophelela kwaye ngaphandle kwesibheno kumaqela achaphazelekayo, iimpikiswano zomthetho ezingeniswe kuwo ngamaZwe; kwaye, okwesibini, ukunika uluvo kwiingcebiso zomthetho ezithunyelwe kuwo ngamaziko agunyazisiweyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neearhente zale nkqubo