Yintoni iBhayi Wine
Umhlaba kunye neediliya zidityaniswe ne-skillsset ye-Oporto vintners ekuxubeni, imveliso iwayini enophawu olulodwa oluneencasa ezahlukileyo. Lo mmandla ulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngumthetho wasePortugal.
Izibuko eliBomvu
Tawny. I-tawny port yingxube kwaye ivuthwa kwi-cask (imiphanda yomthi), iguqula umbala wayo ukuvelisa umxube we-nuts kunye neencasa zeziqhamo ezilungiselelwe kwiibhetshi ezincinci. Amazibuko amaninzi amnyama ahlelwa njengeprimiyamu kwaye anokuguga iminyaka emininzi ekhokelela kwimvakalelo yokungcamla.
Kumthombo. Iwayini ebomvu yenza isiseko samazibuko amaninzi. Iwayini ebomvu iqulethe i-resveratrol ekhusela intliziyo. Uphando lucebisa ukuba umhlaza, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer sinokuthintelwa kusetyenziswa i-resveratrol's antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory properties kwaye ilungile kwi-arthritis, ukudumba kolusu kwaye yongeza amajoni omzimba. Kwakhona kunconywa kwimpilo yomzimba kunye nengqondo, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuphucula izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, inceda ekunciphiseni ukuvutha kwesisu, ukulawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yengqondo eqinile. Iimpawu zonyango ziye zasusa abathengi kwimimoya enzima ukuya ekukhanyeni kotywala. Izibonelelo zempilo kulindeleke ukuba zandise ukwanda kobungakanani bemarike njengoko kukho ukhetho phakathi kwezizukulwana ezitsha kwiiwayini zeprimiyamu zokusetyenziswa komntu kunye nezipho ezongeza ukukhula kwemarike.
Ubhubhani we-coronavirus eSpain nakwiYurophu iphela kukhokelele ekonyukeni kokusetyenziswa kwewayini yasePort ngenxa yencasa yayo, izibonelelo zempilo, kunye neasidi esezantsi xa kuthelekiswa newhisky okanye ibhiya. Iwayini zasePort ziyahlukahlukana kwaye ziyafumaneka njenge-blackberry kunye ne-raspberry, i-sinamoni, i-caramel kunye netshokolethi.
Izibuko elimhlophe
Izibuko elimhlophe likholisa ukwenziwa ngomxube wediliya ezimhlophe eziquka i Esgana Cao (Sercial) kunye ne Malvasia Fina. Umxube ulawulwa yi-Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ifana nePort ebomvu; nangona kunjalo, ixesha le-maceration lifutshane. Ukubiliswa kotywala kubanjwa ngokuzisa umoya weediliya ongathathi hlangothi malunga nama-77 ekhulwini otywala ngomthamo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fortification, iphumela kwiwayini eqinisiweyo eneswekile eninzi kunye notywala.
Izibuko elimhlophe libonakala libonisa umbala ogolide kwaye likhupha amavumba obusi kunye namandongomane aneasidi ephantsi kunye namanqanaba obumnandi asuka kowomileyo ukuya kwiswiti ngokupheleleyo. Amazibuko aSweet (lagrima= iinyembezi) abiliswa kumatanki (ngamanye amaxesha ngamaplanga ukunika umbala kunye nobunzima).
Izibuko eliMhlophe kufuneka lihanjiswe lipholile kwiglasi yewayini emhlophe okanye lixutywe neendawo ezilinganayo zePort emhlophe kunye ne-tonic okanye amanzi esoda kwiglasi ye-cocktail ene-lime wedge. Ifanelekile kwi-sangria xa isiqhamo sifakwe kwi-macerated kwi-Port emhlophe ngaphambi kokuxutywa nebhotile yewayini emhlophe. Ayivulwanga, iZibuko elimhlophe liya kuhlala iminyaka; xa ivuliwe, yifake efrijini ukuya kutsho kwinyanga enye.
Kuvelisiwe
AmaRoma kucingelwa ukuba avelise iwayini Photshugo emva kokuwela uMlambo iDouro (137 BC) ukuya koyisa amaCelt kwindawo eyayibizwa ngokuba yiLusitania. Ukutyalwa ngokumandla kwezidiliya eAlto Douro kulandwa kwiinzame zikaKumkani uDenis ngenkulungwane ye-14 zokukhuthaza ezolimo kulo mmandla wonke. Ukwenziwa kwewayini kuye kwakhula ngenxa yeBhritane kwaye banika amalungelo awodwa okurhweba kwithuba emva kokuba iSpain yamkele inkululeko yePortugal phantsi kweSivumelwano saseLisbon sika-1668.
IBritane yandisa yayo umdla wewayini ePortugal emva kokuhlawulisa imisebenzi enzima kuqala kwaye emva koko kwavalwa iwayini yaseFransi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1600s ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuselo kaLouis XIV. Njengoko amaBritane ayewandisa amashishini awo, aqalisa ukuzama ukongezwa kwiiwayini zasePortugal. I-abbot kwimonki yaseLarnego yongeze ibranti ukumisa ukuvubela njengoko ijika iswekile ibe butywala. Ngokubamba le nkqubo, iBhayi ligcina ubumnandi ngelixa ibranti iqinisa isiselo esinxilisayo.
I-Methuen Treaty (1703) yonyusa ukuthengwa kwewayini zase Portugal zase Britani ngokucutha uxanduva kwezi wayini xa kuthelekiswa naleyo ivavanyiweyo kwi wayini zase French. Ukusela iPort yaba yimbangela yokuthanda izwe ukuba iBritane iphindezele kumaFrentshi.
UGqr. Samuel Johnson, “uClaret butywala bamakhwenkwe: izibuko lamadoda…” (Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791, Vol III), kunye nembongi uJonathan Swift (wenkulungwane ye-18) uphawuleka ngokumisela, “Ngobukroti uyidelele ichampagne inkundla. Kwaye ukhethe ukutya ekhaya ngezibuko. ” Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, i-Bhritane yayingenisa ngokuphindwe kathathu i-Port kunanamhlanje, nangona abantu base-UK ngoku baninzi kakhulu.
Terroir
Ingingqi yase Alto Douro emantla e Portugal inemozulu, umhlaba, kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba efunekayo kwidiliya ukuvelisa iwayini yase Port. Imozulu egqithisileyo, ukusuka ehlotyeni ukuya ebusika obuqhaqhazelis' amazinyo, zidityaniswe nomhlaba onamatye kudala incasa egxile kakhulu kumdiliya inika incasa yencasa eyodwa nekhumbulekayo yeBhayi. Ecaleni phantsi komhlaba othambileyo, otyebileyo onamatye (schist) okrolwa kuwo amathambeka, kukho iliwa eliqinileyo lentaba-mlilo. Xa izandyondyo zemvula zigaleleka kulo mmandla, imisele emxinwa enobude obungama-70 eyakhiwe ecaleni kwalo mwonyo inceda ekuthinteleni ukukhukuliswa kwewayini. Amanzi antywila kwi-schist ukuze aqokelele ngaphezu kwelitye lentaba-mlilo elingenazimbobo, edala uvimba wamanzi athi imidiliya neengcambu zingene kuwo ngexesha lehlobo elomileyo. Iintaba ezingqonge iMaro kunye neAlvao e Montemuro zikhusela izidiliya kwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla evela kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.
Ngubani osela iBhayi?
Umthengi oqhelekileyo uneminyaka eyi-50-55. Nokuba uhlala kwibar yendawo yakho (e-USA) kangangeentsuku / iiveki ekupheleni, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubone abantu abaninzi abasela izibuko njengoko uninzi lwabathengi lufumaneka eYurophu kwaye ludumile e-UK.
Ngo-2020, imarike yewayini yezibuko yehlabathi ixabisa i-942.02 yezigidi zeedola kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba ifikelele kwi-1371.26 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2030 ikhula kwi-CAGR ye-4.26 yeepesenti ukusuka ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030. eli candelo kulindeleke ukuba ligcine ukongamela kwalo ukuya kutsho ngowama-2020.
IPort Wine Institute ilawula iMveliso
Amazwe akhokelwa yimithetho yeManyano yaseYurophu amisela ukuba yiwayini zasePortugal kuphela ezisuka kwingingqi yocando lweDouro ezinelungelo lokuphawulwa njenge-PORT njengendlela yokukhusela ukubaluleka kwemveli kunye noqoqosho lwemveliso kunye nommandla. Ngokwesiqhelo, isetyenziswa njenge digestif, emva kokutya ukukhapha izimuncumuncu zetshizi kunye namantongomane kunye/okanye itshokolethi nangona iPort ebhityileyo nemhlophe ikwasetyenziswa njenge-aperitif, phambi kokutya.
Ukulawula umgangatho wePort, iPort Wine Institute ilawula imveliso:
1. Iiwayini kufuneka zenziwe ngomdiliya okhuliswe kwingingqi yase Douro (owona mmandla wewayini umdala kakhulu emhlabeni (1756) njengoko kugqitywe ngumqulu wamalungelo xa iMarquis do Pombal yayiyinkulumbuso. .
2. Iidiliya maziphume kuluhlu lweentlobo ezili-15 ezibomvu nezili-14 ezimhlophe kwaye zicetyiswa, zigunyaziswe, okanye zigunyaziswe okwethutyana kwaye ziquka: iMalvasia Fina, iViosinho, iDonzelinho, neGouveio (emhlophe). Tinta Baroca, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cao, Touriga Francesa kunye neTouriga Nacional (obomvu). Iindidi ezidumileyo: iMouriscos, iTintas, iTourigam ebomvu; Malvasia Fina for white.
3. Kufuneka ube notywala obuyi-19-27 ekhulwini lomthamo, ngaphandle kweentlobo ezomileyo, ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ezinokuthi zibe neepesenti ze-16.5 ubuncinane. Ukufezekisa oku, ukongezwa kwebranti kumiselwe kumlinganiselo omalunga ne-1/5 yomthamo we- must, okanye malunga ne-115 leelitha zebranti ukuya kuma-435 eelitha kufuneka.
4. Amazibuko abomvu ahlelwa njenge: zakudala, iruby (bomvu), tawny, medium tawny, kwaye ukukhanya tawny.
5. Abamhlophe babizwa ngokuba: mhlophe qhwa, umbala wendiza omhlophe, okanye omhlophe wegolide
6. Ubumnandi: iswiti kakhulu, iswiti, yomile, yomile, yomile kakhulu
7. Izibuko lingohlulwa sisidiliya esikhethekileyo (quinta) esiliveliseyo
Iiwayini zasePort eziqaphelekayo
1. Kopke.
Intsapho yaseKopke yavela eHamburg, eJamani yafika eLisbon, ePortugal ngo-1638. UChristiano Kopke waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomthengisi kunye nomthengisi weemveliso zasePortugal ePorto. Xa iwayini (eyaziwa ngokuba yiPortwine) yamkelwa, iHouse of Kopke (yeyona nkampani indala yePortwine yokuthumela ngaphandle) yaba yenye yeenkokheli kolu shishino.
NgoJuni 2006, uKopke waba yinxalenye yeQela leSogevinus. UGonzalo Pedrosa kunye noPania Oliveira banoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokuthengiswa kwewayini yeDouro DOC (kuquka iKopke, iCasa Burmester, njl. njl.) -iwayini ezisemgangathweni zasePort ezigxininisa kwi-oki-age Colheita Ports. Inkokeli kwimarike yesiPhuthukezi yewayini yasePort, iQela leSogevinus linoxanduva lokuvelisa iibhotile zezigidi ezisi-8.25, kunye neebhotile ze-7.05 yezigidi zePort wine kuphela. IQela lithumela ngaphandle umyinge wama-60 epesenti yemveliso yalo yewayini iyonke kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60. Iimarike eziphambili ziquka i-Netherlands, iFransi, i-US, i-UK, ne-Denmark. Imihlaba yabo iquka i 88g yeehektare zesidiliya kunye nemithi yeziqhamo kwingingqi yase Douro.
• Colheita White 2003 (efakwe ebhotileni ngo-2021)
Amanqaku.
Izibuko elimhlophe elineminyaka engama-30 ubudala lalineminyaka engama-30 ubudala kwiibhokisi ze-oki ezivuthiweyo. I-amber hue kwiso; ubumnandi obukhanyayo empumlweni kunye nentwana yobusi kunye ne-honeysuckle, i-cherries kwisiraphu, kunye ne-molasses. Kwinkalakahla iziqhamo ezomisiweyo zaseTropiki, imarzipan, i-orange marmalade, i-orenji ye-orenji, i-spice (ipepile kunye nejinja). Ukugqitywa kweli bali limnandi (20 pesenti abv) limnandi? Iingcinga zeerasintyisi, amakhiwane, imarzipan, neeamangile.
Khonza ipholile njenge-aperitif kwaye idityaniswe ne-foie gras. Idityaniswe kakuhle ne-mushroom risotto. Njenge dessert oyithandayo, iqela eline-apile enesiqholo liyaqhekeka okanye i-crispy crepe.
• Izibuko laseKopke Colheita 2002
Imixube yeentlobo ezibomvu zeDouro kwaye zikhule kumhlaba we-schist-sandstone ekuphakameni kweemitha ezingama-600, iiColheitas zenziwe ngesivuno esinye kwaye zigugile kwimibhobho ye-oki ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kodwa azange zibe ngaphantsi kweminyaka esi-7. Iibhotile zisuka kwi-cask njengoko imarike iyalela.
Amanqaku.
I-Brown eneempawu ezibomvu kwiso; impumlo ifumana iicherry, iinkuni, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, itofi, amaxolo ecitrus, amakhiwane, iiprunes nesinamon. I-fruit medley iyonwabisa inkalakahla isalathisa ingqwalasela ekugqityweni okuswiti kancinci okuphawulwa bubumuncu obubalulekileyo kunye nobumaminerali.
Ingcinga yokugqibela
“Yintoni engcono kunokuhlala ekupheleni kosuku usele iBhayi nabahlobo, okanye uthabathe indawo yezihlobo?
© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.
