Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezoKhenketho eUruguay

Abantu baseUruguay kunye nabakhenkethi abavela kwamanye amazwe bayabaleka kuxinzelelo lobomi besixeko kwaye bafunde ngokuhlala emaphandleni kwiifama zobisi ezichumileyo kunye neefama ezincinci ezintle kufutshane nesixeko saseColonia kwintshona yeUruguay, apho iintsapho ziye zafumana indlela entsha yokuphila - kunye nendlela yokuphila - " i-agro-ecotourism”.

Iintsapho kwidolophu encinci yase-San Pedro, kufutshane nesixeko sase-Colonia, zajika zajika kuloo ndlela ukuze zoyise intlekele yezoqoqosho ka-2002, eyayigrogrisa ngokusula iifama zazo kwimephu.

Lo mmandla ulikhaya lamafama amaninzi akwizinga eliphantsi, ingakumbi inzala yabaphambukeli base-Italiya nabase-Swiss abahlala phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwindawo eyayisakuba yindawo enkulu yase-Bhritane, besenza amaqhina oluntu aqinileyo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni nzima kunye nentlonipho yendalo. .

Iintsapho zazixhomekeke kuphela kulimo oluncinci ukuze ziziphilise, de kwaphakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, xa baqala ukuva ifuthe lokuxinana kobutyebi obabugxininiswe kabukhali ngelo xesha, bandisa umsantsa wentlalontle, ngokutsho kophononongo “ I-Uruguay 1998-2002: Ukwabiwa kweNgeniso ngexesha leNgxaki ", nguMarisa Bucheli kunye noMagdalena Furtado.

Kwandula ke kwabakho ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho nezemali ngowama-2002 eUruguay, okwalandela ungquzulwano lwasekupheleni kowama-2001 kwilizwe elingummelwane laseArgentina, kwanyanzelela amafama amaninzi amancinane kuloo mmandla ukuba akhethe phakathi kokuthelela inani elandayo leentsapho ezidumbisa amatyotyombe angqonge ikomkhulu, iMontevideo, nezinye izixeko ezikhulu. , okanye ukuza nemithombo emitsha yongeniso.

Zizimisele ukulwa nesaqhwithi, iintsapho zaseSan Pedro zakhetha le yokugqibela.

Amakhosikazi asekuhlaleni, ngokukodwa, aqala ukudibana ukuze afumane uqeqesho kunye nezifundo zesiNgesi, iikhompyutha, ukwenza ibhaskithi kunye nokulima imifuno, ngelixa bethatha izifundo zoogqirha kunye neengcali zengqondo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1999, i-Instituto Plan Agropecuario (Iziko leSicwangciso sezoLimo), iziko elixubeneyo likarhulumente nelabucala, “lanyula iqela labafazi kwiSan Pedro Farming Cooperative (Casspe) kunye namanye amahlakani elizwe jikelele, ukuba baqhube 'iNxaxheba kaMicroplanning. ' iprojekthi, ejolise ekuvuseleleni inyathelo lasekhaya," uMaria del Carmen Agesta, utitshala kunye netshantliziyo laseSan Pedro, uxelele i-IPS.

“Umoya weqela oqinileyo waqala ukwenziwa, ngokutshintshiselana ngezimvo kunye neziphakamiso ezidlamkileyo,” utshilo u-Agesta, owongeze ngelithi le ngxoxo yavelisa umbono wokuququzelela amashishini asekuhlaleni ukulwa nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi kunye nokuhla komvuzo, kunye nokunciphisa imivuzo. kuthintele ukwanda kwenani labantu abaselula abathelela imfuduko esuka emaphandleni ukuya ezidolophini.

Kwavela njalo iQela lezoKhenketho lwaseMaphandleni (iGrutur), elenziwe namhlanje ngeVivero Yatay - indawo yokugcina izityalo kunye nepaki yezityalo zemveli - ibala lenkampu laseParque Brisas del Plata, ifama 'Los Tres Botones', apho iindwendwe zinokukhwela ihashe. okanye kwinqwelo kwaye udle izidlo eziqhelekileyo zasemaphandleni ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, kunye neMyuziyam yeTourn, equka izixhobo zakudala kunye noomatshini basefama abaveliswa yiTourns, intsapho yabaphambukeli baseTaliyane.

Kwakhona ababandakanyekayo kwi-ecotourism eSan Pedro, nangona bengeyonxalenye yeGrutur, yiVilla Celina, ifama yobisi ekhulisa imveliso yendalo, kunye neSan Nicols, ebonelela ngokukhwela ihashe.

Kolu luhlu lubanzi lweendawo zokhenketho ezisemaphandleni kongezwe kutsha nje amathuba okurenta iikhabhini emaphandleni.

Ngo-2002, uGrutur wabamba i-“Fiesta del Campo”, umboniso wasemaphandleni okanye umnyhadala, eSan Pedro ukubonisa izinto ezinomtsalane kunye neemveliso zale ndawo. Ngo-2004 lo mboniso wawubanjelwe kwiColonia del Sacramento, ikomkhulu lephondo laseKoloniya, phantsi komxholo othi “indawo yasemaphandleni ikwalilifa lemveli loluntu,” kubhekiswa kwinto yokuba isixeko samakholoniyali siSiza seLifa leMveli le-UNESCO.

Ukubuyela kwiingcambu zethu

Ukhenketho lwasemaphandleni, olubonelelwa ziifama ezinkulu kunye neefama ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ezifana nezo zaseSan Pedro, zaqala e-Uruguay ngo-2002 njengenye indlela yokujongana nale ngxaki, kwaye namhlanje iye yaba ngundoqo kushishino lwezokhenketho kweli lizwe laseMzantsi Melika. ezizizigidi ezi-3.3 ezidibene phakathi kweArgentina neBrazil.

Umzobo ophambili wabakhenkethi e-Uruguay, ikakhulu abasuka eArgentina, kodwa nabasuka eBrazil, eChile nakwezinye iindawo, lilizwe elingaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-700 kunxweme olunesanti ebanzi ecaleni kweRio de la Plata kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.

Ishishini lezokhenketho laseUruguay ngoku linengeniso yebhiliyoni enye yeedola ngonyaka, ngelixa libonelela ngemisebenzi ethe ngqo engama-50,000 kunye nemisebenzi engaphezu kwe-120,000 engathanga ngqo, esekelwe kwimodeli ezinzileyo yezoqoqosho enentlonipho yokusingqongileyo kunye nenkcubeko yendawo.

Isebe lezoKhenketho, lisebenzisana noorhulumente bamaphondo ali-19 kweli lizwe, liyila isicwangciso sophuhliso sexesha lika-2009-2020 apho abahlali basekuhlaleni baya kuxhamla kukhenketho ngokusebenzisa ubutyebi bendalo obunenkathalo, obulungeleleneyo.

Indima ephambili kwesi sicwangciso iya kudlalwa lukhenketho lwasemaphandleni, oluvumela iindwendwe ukuba zibukele kwaye zithathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi weefama kunye neefama, ukukhwela amahashe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kunye nokutya okunesondlo, izidlo zesintu.

Enye ingcali kuMaren Mackinnon Gonzlez, yathi enye into enokwenzeka kukubukela iintaka, owathi kukho iindidi ezingama-450 ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokubonwa kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo eUruguay.

Okwangoku, kukho iifama kunye neefama ezibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kwilizwe elibandakanyekayo kukhenketho lwendalo. I-80 ebekwe malunga neColonia ikakhulu itsala abatyeleli abavela kulo lonke elase-Uruguay kunye ne-Buenos Aires, ephakathi kwemizuzu engama-15 okanye iiyure ezintathu ngephenyane, kuxhomekeke ekubeni uthatha isikhitshane esikhawulezayo okanye indlela yezoqoqosho ebukekayo.

Iindawo zokuthengisa iwayini, iifama zeendwendwe kunye neendawo zokulala ezisemaphandleni kunye nesidlo sakusasa, kunye nekwari endala eyayithumela ngaphandle igrabile nesanti kwikomkhulu lase-Argentina kwaye ngoku ibonelela ngeendlela zokukhwela inqwelo-moya endala njengenxalenye yemeko ye-ecotourism.

Intsebenziswano yabasetyhini

Kodwa elinye lawona manyathelo anomdla anokufunyanwa eSan Pedro, apho uluntu luphela lwaziguqula ngokudibana ukuze ludlule kumaxesha obunzima.

ESan Pedro, iinkomo zinokubonwa zihamba ngokonqena kwindlela yomhlaba; izinja, amahashe, iinkukhu kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasebayeni zijikeleza ngasemva; yaye ibhinqa elisebenzisa icephe leplanga lixhokonxa imbiza enkulu yejam eyenziwe ekhaya kwisitovu esidala samaplanga, ilandela iresiphi eyayidluliselwa kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana.

"Abakhenkethi bafuna ukuphila njengabantu basemaphandleni," enye yeentloko ze-Uruguayan Association of Rural Tourism (Sutur) ixelele i-IPS. Njengoko iindwendwe ziqhuba kuhola wendlela wama-21, ogudla unxweme olusentshona yelo lizwe, zifikelela kwiifama ezintle zaseSan Pedro, ithi qatha intetho yembongi yaseUruguay uLucio Muniz ethi: “Hayi indlela ekulusizi ngayo ukungabi namehlo angakumbi.”

Kwiindwendwe ezilapha, ezingama-60 ekhulwini ngabemi baseUruguay, ezingama-30 ekhulwini zisuka eArgentina yaye ezinye zisuka kwamanye amazwe aselumelwaneni, eYurophu okanye kuMntla Merika.

Kwi-"Los Tres Botones", umniniyo ngokuzingca ubonisa igadi yakhe yeentyatyambo kwaye unikezela ngeedessert zasekhaya, ngelixa iindwendwe zinokubukela imidaniso yesintu yaseUruguay eyenziwa liqela.

Kwi-"Villa Celina" abakhenkethi banokuthenga iintlobo ze-22 ezahlukeneyo zeejam ezenziwe ekhaya kunye nokugcinwa okuthwele uphawu lokuthengisa "Las Sanpedrinas", kwaye baboniswa izitshixo ezibini ezinkulu "ezimele imvelaphi yelizwe elidala leNgesi," njengoko uMiriam Rigo wachazela i-IPS.

Efama kukwakho nokukhenketha kwizitiya zemifuno ephilayo, ukuncokola ngezinto ezifunyaniswe kwindalo ezifumaneka kumanxweme akufutshane naseRio de la Plata, kunye nokutyelela kwifama yobisi, apho banokubukela iinkomo zisengwa.

"I-Villa Celina", ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yindawo yokhenketho yendalo yasemaphandleni kuphela egcina idatha ecwangcisiweyo malunga nenani leendwendwe ezifumana ngonyaka. Iirekhodi ezivela kwi-2008-2009 ye-hemisphere esezantsi ehlotyeni ibonisa ukuba yatyelelwa ngabakhenkethi abayi-1,500, abachitha umyinge we-13 yeedola kumntu ngamnye.

I-Nury Pagalday, kwiMyuziyam yeTourn, ibonisa abakhenkethi indlela izixhobo zefama zakudala ezisebenza ngayo kwaye inika incasa yotywala basekhaya kunye nokunambitheka okungaqhelekanga, okufana ne "yerba mate", i-tea-like herbal infusion yendabuko e-Uruguay, eArgentina, eParaguay nakumazantsi eBrazil. .

UAna Berretta nomyeni wakhe, bobabini abaziingcali ngezolimo, bakhulisa iintlobo zeentyantyambo nemithi yendalo kwindawo yokugcina abantwana eYatay. Uxelele i-IPS ukuba banika iintetho ezifundisayo epakini, nemithi yayo yakudala namatyholo amakhulu, ngendlela yokukhusela.

Njengokuba ubusuku buvaleka, izibane ziqalisa ukukhanya ngaphaya kweengcingo, ngelixa iiqakamba zintyiloza.