INgxelo entsha: Ukwahlula i-Alzheimer's Early kwi-Aging Normal

I-Alzheimer's Association 2022 i-Alzheimer's Disease Facts kunye neeFigures ingxelo ifumene ulwazi olutsha olunxulumene nemingeni bobabini oogqirha kunye nobuso boluntu baseMelika ekuqondeni nasekuxilongeni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo (MCI), ebonakala ngotshintsho olufihlakeleyo kwimemori nasekucingeni. Kuqikelelwa i-10% ukuya kwi-15% yabantu abane-MCI baqhubela phambili nokuphuhlisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngonyaka. Kwaye njengoko ubukhulu be-US yobudala be-65 ubudala nangaphezulu buqhubeka bukhula (ukusuka kwi-58 yezigidi kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-88 yezigidi ngo-2050), ngokunjalo kuya kuba njalo inani kunye nenani labantu baseMelika abane-Alzheimer's okanye ezinye iidementias ezinikwe umngcipheko wokukhula kwengqondo kunye nokuguga. .

Ingxelo yoNyaka kunye neNkcazo yeNkcazo inikezela ngokujongwa ngokujulileyo kwizibalo zamva nje zelizwe kunye ne-state-by-state malunga nokuxhaphaka kwesifo se-Alzheimer, ukufa, ukunyamekela kunye neendleko zokunyamekela. Ingxelo yalo nyaka ikwabandakanya icandelo elitsha labasebenzi abakhathalelwa ngabantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Ingxelo ekhaphayo ekhethekileyo, Ngaphezulu kokuguga okuqhelekileyo: Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuPhakamileyo (MCI), okokuqala ngqa bavavanya ukuqonda koluntu kunye nonyango oluphambili (PCP) ukuqonda kwehlabathi lokwenyani, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwe-MCI kunye ne-MCI ngenxa ye-Alzheimer's. isifo eUnited States.

"Ukuphazamiseka okuphakathi kwengqondo kuhlala kubhidaniswa 'nokwaluphala okuqhelekileyo,' kodwa akuyonxalenye yenkqubo yokwaluphala," utshilo uMaria Carrillo, Ph.D., igosa eliyintloko lezesayensi, i-Alzheimer's Association. "Ukwahlula phakathi kwemiba yokuqonda okubangelwa ukuguga okuqhelekileyo, abo banxulumene ne-MCI kunye nezo zihlobene ne-MCI ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer kubalulekile ekuncedeni abantu, iintsapho zabo kunye noogqirha balungiselele unyango kunye nokunyamekela kwixesha elizayo."

Kuqikelelwa i-12% ukuya kwi-18% yabantu abaneminyaka eyi-60 okanye ngaphezulu bane-MCI. Ngelixa abanye abantu abane-MCI bebuyela kwi-cognition eqhelekileyo okanye bahlale bezinzile, izifundo zicebisa ukuba i-10% ukuya kwi-15% yabantu abane-MCI baqhubele phambili nokuphuhlisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ngonyaka. Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abane-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's baphuhla i-Alzheimer's dementia kwiminyaka emihlanu. Ukuchonga ukuba ngabaphi abantu abahlala ne-MCI abanokuthi baphuhlise ingqondo yinjongo ephambili yophando lwangoku, olunokuthi luvumele ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunye nonyango.

Ukunqongophala kolwazi kodwa kusekho inkxalabo

Nangona ukuxhaphaka phakathi kwabantu baseMelika abakhulileyo, ingxelo entsha ifumene ngaphezu kwe-4 kwi-5 yaseMelika (i-82%) iyazi kakhulu okanye ayiqhelananga ne-MCI. Xa ucelwa ngenkcazo ye-MCI, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha (55%) bathi i-MCI ivakala ngathi "ukuguga okuqhelekileyo."

Xa i-MCI ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer ichazwa, phantse isiqingatha sabaphenduli (42%) bavakalisa ukukhathazeka malunga nokuphuhliswa kwayo kwixesha elizayo. Ngaphandle kwezi nkxalabo, uninzi (85%) lunokufuna ukufunda nge-Alzheimer's kwangethuba ekuphuhliseni kwayo, mhlawumbi ngexesha le-MCI yesigaba (54%) okanye i-mild dementia stage (31%).

Imingeni kwingxoxo kunye nokuxilongwa

Iziphumo ezongezelelweyo zikhanyisa ukuba kutheni abantu ababonisa iimpawu ze-MCI bethandabuza ukuxoxa ngazo noogqirha babo, abajongene nemingeni eqhubekayo yokuxilongwa kwezigulane zabo. Phakathi kwezinto ezifunyanisiweyo:

• Abangaphantsi kwesiqingatha sabaphenduli (40%) bathi baya kubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba bafumana iimpawu ze-MCI, ngelixa uninzi (60%) luza kulinda okanye lungaboni ugqirha nonke.

• Phantse i-8 kwabaphenduli be-10 (i-78%) ibonise ukukhathazeka malunga nokubona ugqirha ngeempawu ze-MCI, echaza izizathu ezinjengokwesaba ukufumana ukuxilongwa okungalunganga (28%); ukufunda banengxaki enkulu (27%); ukwesaba ukufumana unyango olungeyomfuneko (26%); okanye iimpawu ezikholelwayo ziya kusombulula ngexesha (23%).

• I-75% yee-PCPs zithi zihamba phambili ekuboneleleni ngononophelo kwizigulane ezine-MCI. Nangona kunjalo, isibini kwisithathu siziva sikhululekile ukuphendula imibuzo yesigulane enxulumene ne-MCI (65%) kunye / okanye ukuxoxa ngendlela i-MCI enokuthi inxulumene ngayo nesifo se-Alzheimer (60%).

• Ii-PCPs zizibophelele ekufundeni ngakumbi nge-MCI ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer kwaye babone izibonelelo ezicacileyo zokwenza uxilongo oluthile (90%). Nangona kunjalo, ngaphezu kweekota ezintathu ze-PCPs (77%) zibika i-MCI ngenxa yokuba i-Alzheimer inzima ukuyixilonga, kwaye isiqingatha (51%) asiqhelekanga ukuziva sikhululekile ukuyixilonga.

"Ukuqonda kunye nokuqaphela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo encinci ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer kubalulekile kuba kunika ithuba langaphambili lokungenelela kwi-Alzheimer's disease continuum," kusho uCarrillo. "Nangona okwangoku alukho unyango lwe-Alzheimer's, ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunika ithuba lokulawula esi sifo kunye nokuhamba kancinci ngexesha apho abantu besebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwaye begcina umgangatho wobomi." 

Iimbono zobuhlanga nezobuhlanga

Iinkxalabo kunye nokudideka malunga ne-MCI kubonakala kubantu abahlukeneyo ngokunjalo:

• Ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda kwe-MCI kuphantsi kuwo onke amaqela eentlanga kunye neentlanga eziphandwe: Abamhlophe baseMelika (18%), ama-Asiya aseMelika (18%), amaMelika aseMelika (18%), ama-Black Americans (18%) kunye nama-Hispanic Americans (17%). .

• I-Hispanic (79%) kunye nabaMnyama (80%) baseMelika babika befuna ukwazi ukuba babenesifo se-Alzheimer ngexesha langaphambili (MCI okanye i-Alzheimer's dementia), esezantsi kancinane xa kuthelekiswa noMhlophe (88%) kunye ne-Asian (84). %) kunye nabemi baseMelika (84%).

• Ama-Asiya (i-54%) kunye nama-Hispanic (52%) aseMelika kunokwenzeka ukuba akhathazeke ngokuphuhlisa i-MCI xa kuthelekiswa nabemi bomthonyama (47%), abaMhlophe (45%) kunye nabaMnyama baseMelika (44%).

• I-Asian (50%), i-Hispanic (49%) kunye nabaMnyama (47%) amaMelika abonakele ukuba abe nexhala malunga nokuphuhliswa kwe-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's, elandelwa ngamaNative (41%) kunye nama-White Americans (39%).

• Ukufumana ukuxilongwa okungalunganga kwakuyinkxalabo ephezulu yokungaboni ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu ze-MCI phakathi kwe-Asia (38%), uMnyama (31%) kunye nabaMhlophe baseMelika (27%). Esona sizathu sikhankanywe ngamaSpanishi (27%) kunye nabemi bomthonyama baseMelika (31%) babefunda ukuba banokuba nengxaki enkulu.

• Ngokubanzi, i-43% yabantu baseMelika bachaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango njengesizathu sokuxilongwa kwangoko kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaMhlophe baseMelika (50%) babekho ngokuphindwe kabini kunabase-Hispanic baseMelika (25%) ukukhankanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango njengesizathu sokuxilongwa kwangoko, kulandelwa ngama-Asiya (40%), amaNative (35%) kunye namaMerika aMnyama (32%). ).

"Ulingo lwezonyango lubalulekile ekuqondeni ngakumbi malunga nonyango lwangoku kunye nonyango lwe-Alzheimer's kunye nokhathalelo," utshilo uCarrillo. "Njengoko uphando lukhawuleza, kufuneka sijongane ngcono neenkxalabo zenkcubeko, imiba yokufikelela kunye nezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa ukwanda kwentatho-nxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango phakathi kwazo zonke imvelaphi, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo."

Ukubaluleka kokungenelela kwangaphambili, iingcebiso zogqirha

Kuphando lwabaphenduli abafuna ukufunda malunga nesifo se-Alzheimer ngexesha lesigaba se-MCI, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha (70%) siqaphele isidingo sokucwangcisa kunye namathuba onyango. Ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunika iintsapho ixesha lokwenza izigqibo ezisemthethweni, zemali kunye nezokhathalelo lwexesha elizayo, ngokusekelwe kwiinkxalabo zesigulana kunye nezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka, kwaye zihambelana neendleko eziphantsi zokhathalelo lwempilo. Ukongezelela, uninzi lwee-PCPs (86%) zathi ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunokunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kokuhla kwengqondo.

Nangona kunjalo, kuphela i-1 kwi-5 PCPs (i-20%) ingxelo eyazi kakuhle izilingo zekliniki ezifumanekayo kwizigulane zabo ezine-MCI, kwaye i-1 kuphela kwi-4 PCPs (23%) ithi iyazi kakuhle unyango olutsha kwipayipi yokujongana ne-MCI ngenxa ye-Alzheimer's. isifo. Xa i-MCI ifunyenwe, ii-PCP zihlala zincoma utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila (73%).

"Kukho umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe xa kufikwa ekwandiseni ukulungela oogqirha bokhathalelo olusisiseko ukuxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kubandakanya i-MCI kunye ne-MCI ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's, ngakumbi njengoko kuphuculwe ukuxilongwa," utshilo uMorgan Daven, usekela mongameli, iinkqubo zempilo. , Umbutho ka-Alzheimer. "Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda koogqirha bokhathalelo oluphambili ngonyango olutsha olunokubakho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwesigulana kulingo lwezonyango olunxulumene nesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nophando."

Ikamva kunye namathuba

Nangona isifo sika-Alzheimer siqhubeka sisenza abantu kunye neentsapho kulo lonke ilizwe, zombini izigulana kunye neePCPs zivakalisa ithemba lokuba unyango olutsha lokulwa nesifo se-Alzheimer sele luselundini. Uphando lufumene ngaphezulu kwesi-7 kwi-10 yaseMelika (73%) ilindele unyango olutsha ukulibazisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer luya kufumaneka kwishumi leminyaka elizayo. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho unyango olutsha lokuyeka ukuqhubeka (60%) kunye nokuthintela (53%) isifo se-Alzheimer's. Phakathi kwee-PCPs, i-82% ilindele ukuba kubekho unyango olutsha lokulibazisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo se-Alzheimer kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha se-PCPs (54%) silindele ukuba kuya kubakho unyango lokumisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo kwaye i-42% ikholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho unyango lokukhusela isifo se-Alzheimer.

Amashumi amabini eminyaka edlulileyo aphawule ukwanda kuphuhliso lodidi olutsha lwamayeza ajolise kwibhayoloji esisiseko kwaye ajolise ekucothiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ukusukela ngoFebruwari 2022, kukho i-104 lonyango lokuguqula isifo oluvavanywayo kulingo lwezonyango okanye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo olawulo lolwamkelo. Ezi zonyango ezinokubakho zijolise ekunciphiseni ukuqhubela phambili kwe-MCI ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-Alzheimer's mild dementia, ngokutsho kwe-Alzheimer's Association.

Impembelelo ye-COVID-19

Ingxelo ikwavavanye ifuthe elibi elibe nalo bhubhani we-COVID-19 kubantu abaphila nesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngelixa kungaziwa ukuba i-COVID-19 iya kulichaphazela njani inani kunye nenani labantu base-US abane-Alzheimer's, i-COVID-19 ngokucacileyo ibe nefuthe elimangalisayo ekufeni kwabantu abavela kwi-Alzheimer's kunye nezinye iidementia. Ngokwengxelo, kukho abantu abangama-44,729 ababhubhileyo ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iidementia ngo-2020 xa kuthelekiswa nomyinge weminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo - ukonyuka kwe-17%.

Ingxelo iqaqambisa idatha yokuqala kunye ne-anecdotal ebonisa ukuba lo bhubhani ukwaneziphumo ezibi kubanonopheli bosapho abaninzi. Iphawula imiceli mngeni yokhathalelo enxulumene nobhubhane, kubandakanya ukuvalwa kwamaziko okunyamekela abantu abadala kunye nokungakwazi kweentsapho ukutyelela okanye ukunxibelelana nezalamane kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide, kubangele "uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi phakathi kwabanonopheli."

Idatha eyongezelelweyo evela kwingxelo ifakwe ngezantsi kunye nezibalo eziphezulu malunga nokuxhaphaka kwesifo se-Alzheimer, ukufa, iindleko zokunyamekela, ukunyamekela kunye nokunyamekela kwabasebenzi be-dementia kufumaneka apha. Umbhalo ogcweleyo we-2022 ye-Alzheimer's Disease Facts kunye neeFigure report, kubandakanywa nengxelo ekhethekileyo ehamba nayo, Ngaphezulu kokuguga okuqhelekileyo: Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuncinci kunokujongwa kwi-alz.org/facts. Ingxelo iya kuvela kwakhona kwi-Aprili ka-2022 umcimbi we-Alzheimer's & Dementia: Ijenali ye-Alzheimer's Association.