Isikhululo soPhando saseTroll, e-Antarctica-Iqela elinxibe ipaki labaphathiswa bezendalo bafika kule kona ikude yelizwekazi elinomkhenkce ngoMvulo, kwiintsuku zokugqibela zexesha elinzima lophando lwemozulu, ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba i-Antarctica enyibilikayo inokubeka esichengeni iplanethi. .
Abameli abavela kumazwe angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kubandakanya i-US, i-China, iBritane kunye neRussia, babeza kuhlangana kwisikhululo sophando saseNorway kunye noososayensi baseMelika naseNorway beza kumlenze wokugqibela we-1,400-mile (2,300-kilometer), ezimbini- uhambo lwenyanga phezu komkhenkce ukusuka kwi-Pole yaseMzantsi.
Abakhenkethi baza kufumana “amava obuqu obungakanani belizwekazi lase-Antarctic kunye nendima yalo kutshintsho lwemozulu yehlabathi,” utshilo umququzeleli walo mbutho, iSebe lezeNdalo eNorway.
Bazakuphinda bafunde malunga nokungaqiniseki okukhulu okuthwaxa uphando kweli lizwekazi lisemazantsi kunye nekhonkco lokufudumala kwehlabathi: Kungakanani ukufudumala kwe-Antarctica? Ungakanani umkhenkce onyibilika elwandle? Ingawanyusa kangakanani amanqanaba olwandle kwihlabathi liphela?
Iimpendulo zinqabile kangangokuba iPhaneli yoRhulumente kuTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC), uthungelwano lwezenzululwazi lwe-UN eyaphumelela iBhaso likaNobel, yasikhuphela ngaphandle isoyikiso esinokubakho esivela kwincam yomkhenkce kwizibalo kuvavanyo lwalo olugunyazisiweyo luka-2007 lokufudumala kwehlabathi.
I-IPCC iqikelela ukuba iilwandle zinokunyuka ziye kutsho kwii-intshi ezingama-23 (0.59 yeemitha) kule nkulungwane, ngenxa yokwanda kobushushu kunye nomkhenkce onyibilikayo, ukuba ihlabathi lenza nto ingako ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside nezinye iigesi zegreenhouse ekutyholwa ukuba zibangela ubushushu bomoya.
Kodwa iphaneli ye-UN ayizange ithathele ingqalelo i-Antarctica kunye neGreenland, ekubeni intsebenziswano ye-atmosfera kunye nolwandle kunye neevenkile zabo ezinkulu zomkhenkce - i-Antarctica ine-90 yeepesenti yomkhenkce wehlabathi - ayiqondwa kakuhle. Ukanti umkhenkce okwiNtshona yeAntarctic, eminye yemikhenkce yawo egalela umkhenkce ngesantya esikhawulezayo elwandle, “inokuba yeyona ndawo iyingozi kakhulu kule nkulungwane,” itsho njalo isazi ngemozulu saseUnited States, uJames Hansen weNASA.
“Kukho amathuba okunyuka komphakamo wolwandle ngeemitha ezininzi,” utshilo uHansen kwi-Associated Press kwiveki ephelileyo. Le meko “iyoyikisa,” itsho njalo isazinzulu esiyintloko seIPCC, uRajendra Pachauri, owadibana nabaphathiswa eKapa ngaphambi kokuba bahambe ngenqwelo-moya iiyure ezisithoba besuka eMzantsi Afrika.
Ukufumana iimpendulo kuye kwaba ngundoqo kwi-2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY), ukuhlanganiswa kwezazinzulu ze-10,000 kunye nabanye abangama-40,000 abavela kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60 abenza uphando olunzulu lwe-Arctic kunye ne-Antarctic kwixesha elidlulileyo lexesha lasehlotyeni lasezantsi - kwiqhwa, elwandle, ngenqanawa yokuqhekeza umkhenkce, inkwili kunye nesathelayithi yokucupha.
INorwegian-American Scientific Traverse enamalungu ali-12 eMpuma ye-Antarctica - abahambi "beza ekhaya" eTroll - yayiyenye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo msebenzi, begrumba ii-cores ezinzulu kumaleko onyaka we-ice sheet kulo mmandla uphononongwe kancinci, ukufumanisa. lingakanani ikhephu eliwele ngokwembali kunye nokwakheka kwalo.
Umsebenzi onjalo uya kudibaniswa nenye iprojekthi ye-IPY, umzamo opheleleyo wokwenza imephu ngesathelayithi radar "imimandla yesantya" yazo zonke iishiti ze-Antarctic zomkhenkce kwiihlobo ezimbini ezidlulileyo, ukuvavanya ukuba umkhenkce utyhalelwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kulwandle olujikelezileyo.
Ke izazinzulu zinokuwuqonda ngcono "ubunzima bobunzima" - lingakanani ikhephu, elisuka kumphunga wolwandle, lisusa umkhenkce ogalela elwandle.
"Asiqinisekanga ukuba i-East Antarctic ice sheet yenza ntoni," uDavid Carlson, umlawuli we-IPY, wachaza kwiveki ephelileyo kwiiofisi zenkqubo eCambridge, eNgilani. “Ibonakala ngathi ihamba ngokukhawuleza kancinci. Ngoko ngaba oko kuhambelana nokuqokelela? Into ababuya nayo iya kuba yimfuneko ekuqondeni inkqubo. ”
Abaphathiswa bemekobume ababetyelele yayingabo baseAlgeria, eBritani, eCongo, eCzech Republic, eFinland, eNorway naseSweden. Amanye amazwe amelwe ngabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu kunye nabaxoxisana nabo, kuquka u-Xie Zhenhua waseTshayina kunye noDan Reifsnyder, usekela unobhala welizwe lase-US.
Ebudeni bemini yabo ende apha phantsi kwelanga eliziiyure ezili-17 kwihlobo lasemzantsi elifayo, xa amaqondo obushushu esehla aye kutsho ku-20 ngokukaCelsius (-3,000 degrees Celsius), abakhenkethi basemantla babona umbono omangalisayo weQueen Maud Land, intaba engumkhenkce engavumelekanga. Iimayile ezingama-5,000 (iikhilomitha ezingama-2005) kumzantsi-ntshona woMzantsi Afrika, waza wakhenketha iSikhululo soPhando seTroll sobuchwephesha baseNorway, esiphuculwe sasebenza unyaka wonke ngo-XNUMX.
Ipolitiki yemozulu ixubene nesayensi. Baxakeke eKapa kwiintsuku ezimbini ezongezelelweyo xa imimoya ephezulu ye-Antarctic ibhuqa inqwelomoya ebicwangcisiwe ngempelaveki, abaphathiswa baphenjelelwa ngobubele kwisidlo sasemini kunye nesidlo sangokuhlwa ngabalingane baseScandinavia bethanda inyathelo elingxamisekileyo kwisivumelwano esitsha sehlabathi sokuphumelela iProtocol yaseKyoto, isivumelwano sokunciphisa iigesi zegreenhouse. ephelelwa ngo-2012.
Umongameli omtsha waseMelika uBarack Obama uthembise isenzo emva kweminyaka yokuchasa kwe-US kwinkqubo yaseKyoto. Kodwa ukuntsonkotha kwemiba kunye nexesha eliqingqiweyo phambi kwenkomfa yaseCopenhagen ngoDisemba, umhla ekujoliswe kuwo wesivumelwano, kwenza ukuba iziphumo zingaqinisekanga njengekamva lomkhenkce wase-Antarctica kunye neeshelufu zomkhenkce ezikude nonxweme.
Uphando oluninzi luseza, zitsho izazinzulu, kuqukwa nophando lobushushu obunokwenzeka kunye nokutshintsha kwemisinga yoLwandlekazi oluMazantsi olujikeleza i-Antarctica. “Kufuneka sibeke oovimba abangakumbi,” utshilo uCarlson we-IPY.
Izazinzulu ezithetha phandle zithi isenzo sezopolitiko sinokufuneka ngokungxamisekileyo.
“Siphelelwe ziingqondo ukuba siyayiyeka le nkqubo iqalise,” utshilo uHansen malunga nokunyibilika kweAntarctic. "Kuba akuyi kubakho kumisa."
