IMexico ibe ngumdlali ophambili kukhenketho lonyango

Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo utshintsho lwabantu base-US, urhulumente wobumbano waseMexico ubheja ukuba ukugreywa kwe-Gringolandia kuya kunika impembelelo enamandla kukhenketho lwezonyango. “Isisigidi sabantwana abancinci, njengoko bebizwa njalo e-US, banokuza kuhlala eMexico kwiminyaka ezayo,” utshilo umphathiswa wezempilo waseMexico uJose Angel Cordova Villalobos kumsitho obubanjwe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga eMexico ukuphawula uSuku lweSizwe loBongikazi. UCordova wathi lithuba lokuba abakhenkethi bangathengisi ilanga nesanti kuphela kodwa “nonyango okanye utyando.”

Ngokulungelelaniswa nezinye ii-arhente zomdibaniso, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo uceba ukwakha isiseko sokhenketho lwezonyango kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Amacandelo abalulekileyo eli nyathelo abandakanya ukuqeqesha abongikazi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini zeSpanish-isiNgesi, kunye nokwandisa inani lezibhedlele zabucala zaseMexico ezivunyiweyo yikomishini edibeneyo yase-US-Mexico esele isemsebenzini. NgokukaCordova, amaziko abucala asibhozo anjalo aqinisekisiweyo phantsi kwemigangatho yekomishini.

Nangona amanyathelo engingqi okukhuthaza ukhenketho lwezonyango eqhubeka kumda osemantla weChihuahua, Baja California kunye neNuevo Leon, uCordova uthe ulungelelwaniso olukhulu kwinqanaba lomdibaniso luyafuneka ukuze kuthatyathwe imakethi yehlabathi eyonwatyelwa zizizwe ezibandakanya iThailand, iIndiya, iCosta Rica neBrazil. . Igosa lezempilo eliphambili laseMexico ligxininise inkqubo entsha iya kuba luncedo kwicandelo labucala.

“Oku kuya kuba yinkuthazo kwimarike yabucala,” utshilo uCordova. UCordova uvumile ukuba ukuqeqesha abongikazi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini kubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokutsalwa kwengqondo e-US, apho ezinye iindawo sele ziqesha abongikazi baseMexico ngentlawulo ephezulu kakhulu kunaleyo bayifumana ekhaya, kodwa wayelumkile ukongeza uqeqesho olucetyiweyo luya kugxila kumacandelo aphezulu empilo yaseMexico. unikezelo lwenkathalo njengotyando lokuthambisa kunye nolunye unyango olukhethekileyo. Iinkqubo ezilingwayo zokuqeqesha abongikazi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini zikwinqanaba lokulungiselela, wongeza uCordova.

Nokuba ngaba ukhenketho lwezonyango luya kuxhomekeka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye nezokhuseleko ukuya emantla nasezantsi komda. Ubundlobongela obuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezithile zommandla womda kusenokwenzeka ukuba buthintele ukukhula okunokwenzeka kwixeshana elifutshane. Isizathu esikhulu siya kuba sisiphumo sento ebizwa ngokuba yi-reform yezempilo e-US, ngakumbi ukuba kuwiswe umthetho onyukayo kunokuba unciphise iindleko njengoko ulawulo luka-Obama lucebisa.

UKhenketho lwezoNyango kwiDolophu yabakhenkethi

Owayesakuba yintloko yePuerto Vallarta Medical Association okwangoku ekhonza kwikomiti yezempilo kamasipala, uDkt Jorge Roberto Cortes, okanye "uDokotela Jorge" njengoko ethanda ukubizwa, uyathandabuza ukuba ukhathalelo lwempilo luya kuba sisizathu esikhulu sokuba abantu beze. ukuya eMexico kunokuba kunjalo ngoku.

Sekunjalo, ukutyelela ugqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ngengozi kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zokutyelela ezifana nePuerto Vallarta. Ngokomzekelo, uCortes uqikelele ukuba umthwalo wakhe wesigulane uquka ama-50 ekhulwini abantu basemzini kunye neepesenti ezingama-50 zabemi baseMexico. EPuerto Vallarta nakwezinye iindawo eMexico, abakhenkethi abagulayo abavela e-US baya kufumanisa ukuba iindleko zonyango ziphantsi kakhulu kunasekhaya. NgokukaCortes, utyelelo lweofisi lujikeleza malunga ne-$40, ngelixa ii-x-reyi ezixabisa kancinci kangange-$40 zinokujikwa ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-45.

Emva kweminyaka eliqela e-US equka ukuhlala kwiNtaba yeSinayi, uCortes uthetha isiNgesi engenanto yakwenza ne-accent. Kwaye ayinguye yedwa umboneleli wezempilo wasekhaya, othetha iilwimi ezimbini. Isixeko esinabantu abangaphezu kwe-300,000, iPuerto Vallarta inezibhedlele zikawonke-wonke kunye nezizimeleyo, amakhulu oogqirha, iilebhu zonyango zanamhlanje kunye neenkonzo ezilungele ukukhutshwa kwezonyango.

“Kuninzi, kodwa uVallarta uyakhula,” zatsho iingcali jikelele. “Sinazo zonke izinto ezikhethekileyo. Uyafa ukuba uyafuna. Sinayo yonke into apha."

Isikhokelo seenkonzo zonyango sasekhaya esisasazwe ePuerto Vallarta siqulethe iingcali zentengiso yamaphepha alishumi, oogqirha bosapho kunye neengcali zengqondo. Kwiwebhusayithi yayo, iSibhedlele esinekomkhulu laseGuadalajara iSan Javier sidwelisa iinkampani zeinshurensi zangaphandle apho iya kwamkela iintlawulo.

Iinkampani ziquka i-Cigna, i-Aetna, i-Tricare kunye ne-Inshurensi yezeMpilo yamazwe ngamazwe yaseDenmark, phakathi kwabanye. Isibhedlele sibhengeza unikezelo lokuzalwa malunga ne-700 yeedola kunye ne-hysterectomy malunga ne-1,000 yeedola. Amaxabiso abandakanya ukuhlala esibhedlele ubusuku obunye nobubini, ngokulandelelanayo.

Esinye isibonelelo sendawo, iSibhedlele seMedasist, sibiza ngaphantsi kwe-30 yeedola zokutyelela igumbi likaxakeka elifutshane, phakathi kwe-$ 20- $ 30 yokunyamekela ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-$ 90 ukuya kwi-$ 120 ngobusuku ngamagumbi esibhedlele. Imirhumo kaGqirha yongeziwe.

UDkt Cortes uphakathi koogqirha abakhetha ukujongana nemali. Echaza izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo e-US, uCortes uthe ukulibaziseka kwabasemagunyeni kunye nokuchasa kunokwenza i-inshurensi yabucala ibe yingxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkampani ze-inshurensi zithatha iinyanga ukuhlawula ababoneleli bezempilo baseMexico.

Kwiindawo ezitshisayo ezifana nePuerto Vallarta, abahlali abatsha kunye nabakhenkethi kufuneka baqaphele ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana izifo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nedengue. I-State of Jalisco iqhuba inkqubo yokutshiza ukuphelisa iimiyane ePuerto Vallarta, kodwa ubuncinane abantu abayi-13 bafumene isifo ngoJanuwari ngokwengxelo yesebe lezempilo elichazwe kumaphephandaba.

Ukusuka kwiBraceros ukuya kwiBaby Boomers

Evela kusapho lomongikazi eSan Joaquin Valley yaseCalifornia, uPamela Thompson wakhe wanyanga abasebenzi basefama baseMexico kwigumbi likaxakeka. Kule mihla, iThompson's HeathCare Resources Inkampani yasePuerto Vallarta inxibelelanisa abafuduki base-US nabakhenkethi kunye nababoneleli bezempilo baseMexico. UThompson uthe umdla kukhathalelo lwezonyango lwaseMexico uyakhula phakathi kwabathengi base-US kunye ne-inshurensi yabucala.

Udliwanondlebe ngosuku oluxakekileyo lwesizini ephezulu, umcebisi uthe ukudodobala koqoqosho akuzange kucothise kakhulu ukutyelelwa kwabantu basemzini, ngakumbi amadoda angama-gay, abafuna utyando lweplastiki. Ngokwe-HealthCare Resources Puerto Vallarta's website, iipakethe ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zotyando zinexabiso eliphantsi ngama-30-40 eepesenti eMexico kunase-US naseCanada.

UThompson uthe ufumene imibuzo yakutsha nje kwiinkampani zeinshurensi ezise-US malunga nokuthumela abaguli eMexico. “Ndicinga ukuba oko kuza kwenzeka kungekudala,” watsho uThompson. "(Iinshorensi zabucala) baqala ukucinga ngayo, thetha ngayo."

Ngokutsho kukaThompson, ezine iintlobo ezisisiseko ze-inshurensi ziyafumaneka kubakhenkethi bangaphandle kunye nabahlali baseMexico - amazwe ngamazwe, uhambo, iMexico yabucala, kunye ne-Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) eqhutywa ngurhulumente. Kwiindwendwe zexesha elifutshane okanye zasebusika eziya eMexico ezaziwa ngokuba "ziintaka zekhephu," i-inshurensi yokuhamba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo, utshilo uThompson.

Owayesakuba ngumongikazi uthe abemi abaninzi base-US bayothuka kukufunda ukuba i-inshurensi yezempilo yabucala eMexico ixabisa i-1,500 yeedola ngonyaka, nangona imbuyekezo enkulu kwabaninzi kukuba iinkampani azizukuhlawula nabani na oneminyaka engama-62 ubudala. Abahlali bexesha elizeleyo baseMexico ababambe ii-visa ze-FM-3 ngoku banokulungela ukufumana i-IMSS, utshilo uThompson, elumkisa inkqubo yoluntu igcwele kwaye umgangatho ukude nokunqweneleka. Ukanti, uthe, i-inshurensi ye-IMSS "ingcono kakhulu kunanto." Kumphambukeli ohlelelekileyo ngokwenene, izibhedlele zikawonke-wonke zengingqi ziya kwamkela ukwamkelwa.

Ngenxa yokwaluphala kwabemi abaninzi base-US baseMexico, ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-Medicare ukuhlawula iindleko ezinxulumene nempilo ezantsi komda kuyingxaki kubantu abaninzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe kunye nabanokuba ngabaphambukeli - ubuncinci kude kube ngoku. Okwangoku, ubungakanani obukhulayo babemi base-US abadla umhlala-phantsi kwiindawo ezinjengePuerto Vallarta batsale isaziso sezibhedlele ezisemantla komda, ezibonelela ngeekliniki zempilo zasimahla eMexico ngexesha eliphakamileyo ukuya kwizigulana ezinokubakho. Ngokudibana nezibhedlele, uThompson uthe uye waququzelela ukudluliselwa kwabantu abadla umhlala phantsi baseMelika besuka ePuerto Vallarta besiya kumaziko abuyela kwilizwe lakudala.

Nangona kunjalo, uThompson wathi wayelingqina komnye umkhwa: abemi abancinci baseMelika bafudukela ePuerto Vallarta kunye neentsapho zabo. Ukubakho kokusebenza ekhaya nge-Intanethi kuyawuthanda lo mkhwa, wongezelele umhlali wasePuerto Vallarta ixesha elide. "Ndibe neefowuni ezininzi zoogqirha babantwana apha kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo ze-6," kusho uThompson.

Eqhelene kakhulu nemeko yendawo, uThompson uvumile ukuba kukho "abanolwazi lokunyanga kodwa bengenalo" malunga "njengayo yonke enye indawo." Kodwa ingcali yokhathalelo lwempilo yema kumgangatho opheleleyo woogqirha kunye neenkonzo ezifumanekayo kwisixeko sasePacific.

“Sinoogqirha ababalaseleyo kule ndawo. Oogqirha balapha bachitha ixesha nawe,” utshilo uThompson. “Unokubatsalela umnxeba ngeselfowuni kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba udlule kubantu abangamashumi amabini ukuze ufumane idinga. Bonke oogqirha endisebenza nabo banjalo.”

EMexico, ukufumana iingcebiso zobuqu kubahlali abanolwazi yindlela elungileyo yokuncothula ubuqhophololo.

Kuthekani ngeeOld Choppers?

Emuva e-US, okwangoku, umba wonyango lwamazinyo awukho kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yingxoxo yohlaziyo lwezempilo. Kodwa ukujonga amaxabiso ahlawuliswa ngoogqirha bamazinyo baseMexico ngokukhawuleza kutyhila ukuqhubeka, umtsalane omkhulu kubo bobabini abakhenkethi kunye nabo banokuba ngabafuduki.

Kude kufuphi neofisi kaCortes, kwaye kufutshane nebhulorho ewela uMlambo iCuale kunye nabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezishushu zeentaka ezibalekayo kunye nee-iguana ezilwa, oogqirha bamazinyo uJessica Portuguez kunye noGloria Carrillo abasebenzi kwi-Old Town Vallarta isebe laseSolu/Dent, ishishini labucala. . Kutshanje, ikliniki ibonelele ngokucoca kabini ngeedola ezili-12 kunye nokutsalwa kweedola ezili-9 ngezinyo ngalinye. NgokukaCarrillo, amazinyo amahlanu eporcelain ebhulorho axabisa malunga needola ezingama-500.

Emva kweminyaka emithathu kwishishini kwindawo, isiPutukezi kunye noCarrillo baqikelela ukuba iipesenti ezingama-40 zezigulane zabo ngabantu basemzini ngexesha lexesha eliphezulu labakhenkethi elithatha iinyanga ukusuka ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi. Abafuduki bendawo, ababandakanya abathengi abasuka kwindawo ekufutshane, indawo yokuhlala yamahippie endala yaseYelapa, basasaza igama likaSolu/Dent ngegama lomlomo kwaye bangenise amalungu osapho kunye nabahlobo. “Bayayithanda indlela esibakho ngayo apha,” utshilo uCarrillo.

Umntu ophumelele kwiDyunivesithi yaseVeracruz, ePortuguez weza ePuerto Vallarta kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo emva kokuva indlela abantu abaninzi abadadayo nabahlala kumazwe angaphandle abadale amathuba amaninzi omsebenzi koogqirha bamazinyo abatsha. Ngokomzantsi ofudusiweyo, oogqirha bamazinyo baseMexico kufuneka bagqibe iminyaka emihlanu yezifundo kunye nonyaka omnye wenkonzo yentlalontle ukuze bafumane ilayisensi esisiseko. “Sinamaxabiso afikelelekayo kakhulu kunye nomgangatho olungileyo,” utshilo uPhuthukezi. “Siqeqeshe oogqirha. Sayifundela le nto. Wonke umsebenzi uqinisekisiwe. ”

EPuerto Vallarta, iimpawu “ezithetha isiNgesi” zixhonywa ngaphandle kweeofisi ezininzi zoogqirha bamazinyo. IsiPhuthukezi, owathi ufunda isiNgesi ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, waqinisekisa ukuba kukho umamkeli othetha iilwimi ezimbini ukuze ancede oogqirha bamazinyo beofisi baguqulele nezigulana. USolu/Dent kutshanje uvule isebe lesithathu eBucerias, indawo yokuhlala esemantla nje ePuerto Vallarta apho abantu abaninzi abasuka e-US abasuka kwamanye amazwe bafudukele khona. Siyathemba ukuba akukho nto itshintshileyo kwaye sihlala apha, utshilo uPhuthukezi.