Igalari yokupeyinta iMet Museum yaseYurophu iya kuvulwa kwakhona ngoMeyi 23

Imyuziyam yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa yeegalari zengqokelela edumileyo yehlabathi yemizobo ye-Old Master yaseYurophu ukusuka nge-13 ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 iya kuvulwa kwakhona nge-23 kaMeyi emva kohlaziyo olubanzi kunye nokufakwa kwakhona. Olu luhlaziyo lokuqala oluphambili lweegalari ukusukela ngo-1951 kunye nokufakwa kwakhona kwengqokelela yokuqala ngokubanzi ukusukela ngo-1972. Ukonyuka kobungakanani malunga nesinye esithathwini, isithuba ngoku sivumela umboniso wemizobo engaphezulu kwama-700 kwiigalari ezingama-45, kuquka eyodwa ejikelezayo ekhethekileyo. igalari yomboniso. Iigalari zicwangciswe ngokolandelelwano lwamaxesha nangokwejografi ukubonelela ngesishwankathelo sokupeyinta eItali, eFransi, eSpain, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eJamani, naseGreat Britain. Uninzi lweegalari zinemigangatho emitsha kunye nokubumba kwaye iisuti zeegalari zityhila ngengqiqo entsha kunye nobukhulu. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, iimbasa, iiseramikhi, kunye nobunye ubugcisa bokuhombisa buye babandakanywa ngobuchule apho ubukho babo bongeza umaleko wentsingiselo kumboniso wemizobo. Imisebenzi ephambili iye yalondolozwa okanye yahonjiswa ngezakhelo zexesha. Iimali-mboleko ezibalulekileyo zizalisekisa ingqokelela esisigxina kwaye zibhiyozele ukufakwa kwakhona.

“Njengoko siphawula ukugqitywa kweeGalari zeMizobo ezitsha zaseYurophu, sibhiyozela le ngqokelela yelifa elimangalisayo kunye nokubaluleka kweMet,” utshilo uThomas P. Campbell, uMlawuli kunye ne-CEO yeMyuziyam yeMetropolitan. "Ngokwandisa kakhulu indawo enikelwe kule misebenzi yobugcisa kunye nokudibanisa i-scholarship entsha kwiigalari nakwi-intanethi, uKeith Christiansen kunye neqela lakhe labagcini ngoku banikezela ngokucinga ngokutsha okubanzi koku kubamba kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amane. Umphumo ube ngamava angaqhelekanga kubakhenkethi bethu ngonyaka abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu abavela ehlabathini lonke.”

Ingqokelela yeMyuziyam yeMetropolitan yemizobo yangaphambili yesiNetherlandish, isiTaliyane, kunye nesiFrentshi inabile kwaye ibandakanya imifanekiso ebalaseleyo, ngelixa le yesikolo samaDatshi iphakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo kwaye zibanzi kwihlabathi. Ngokuphathelele amagcisa ngamnye, umboniso kaRembrandt, uRubens, uVermeer, uPoussin, uVelázquez, uGoya, noDavid zezona zinamandla kwiNtshona yeIkhweyitha, kwaye kukho imisebenzi yobugcisa ezimeleyo eyaziwa nguye wonke umfundi wembali yobugcisa, njengeBruegel's The Harvesters kunye noDavide. Ukufa kukaSocrates.

Ufakelo kwakhona lufaka iimbali ezinqamlezayo phakathi kwamazwe kunye noqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamagcisa ngokubeka imisebenzi kumagumbi adibanayo, ngokwenjenjalo inikezela ngengqokelela yeMyuziyam ngendlela ehambelanayo nendalo yendalo kunangaphambili. Ulungelelwaniso olutsha lweegalari ngoku lwenza kube lula ukulandela imbali yokupeyinta kwiindawo ezisezantsi ukusuka kuJan van Eyck ukuya eBruegel kunye nophuhliso lwembonakalo yomhlaba ngenkulungwane ye-17 ukuya kutsho kuFrans Hals, Rembrandt, Vermeer, kunye noRubens noVan Dyck. Kukho iigalari ze-portraiture, i-landscape, uhlobo lokupeyinta, kunye nobomi, kunye negalari yokubonisa ubugcisa bokuhombisa e-Holland equka iipaneli zesikhumba ezisanda kufunyanwa kwaye zibuyiselwe. Imbali yomzobo wase-Italiya, ukusuka eGiotto kunye noDuccio ukuya eTiepolo, ixelwa kwiigalari ezicwangciswe ngokulandelelana kwexesha kunye nommandla-iFlorence, iSiena, iVenice, iRoma-kunye neegalari ezinikezelwe kwimixholo efana nobugcisa basekhaya kunye nomfanekiso. Igalari yobugcisa basekhaya iquka umboniso weeseramikhi zenkulungwane ye-15 (maiolica) ngelixa enye iphonononga unxulumano lokupeyinta kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Inkalo ephambili yokubuyisela kwakhona kukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo apho utshintshiselwano phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezikhanyayo zikhanyisa kwaye zifanelekile.

Imbali yeeGalari zeMizobo yaseYurophu
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100, ingqokelela yeMizobo yeMizobo yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa yaseYurophu iboniswe ngokucacileyo kwiigalari ezikhanyiswe esibhakabhakeni phezulu kwizinyuko ezisuka kwiHolo eNkulu. Ifumaneka kwisakhiwo sokuqala sika-1880, ezi galleries zaphuculwa zaze zalungiswa phakathi ko-1951 no-1954 ukuze zikwazi ukwamkela ingqokelela eyandisiweyo, eyayiquka imisebenzi ukusuka kwi-13th ukuya kwi-20th inkulungwane. Ukukhula okuthe kratya kufuna ukufakelwa kwakhona okukhulu kweegalari ngo-1972 kwiigalari ezidityanisiweyo ezingama-42, ezazisenokubonelela ngesithuba esaneleyo sokubonisa iipesenti ezingama-60 zengqokelela yazo yemisebenzi engama-2,500. Ukulungisa oku, imizobo yenkulungwane ye-19 yaseYurophu yasiwa kwiphiko elisandula ukwakhiwa ekupheleni kweMyuziyam ngo-1980 kunye nemizobo yenkulungwane yama-20 yasiwa kwiLila Acheson Wallace Wing xa yayivulwa ngo-1987. Ngexesha lolungiso luka-1980 , iigalari ezilithoba ze-European Paintings Galleries-phakathi kwezona zilinganiswe kakuhle kwaye zikhanyiswe kakuhle-zaphinda zanikezelwa ukuba zibe ziigalari zemiboniso ekhethekileyo; ezi ngoku zibuyiselwe kwiSebe leMizobo yaseYurophu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba abagcini baphinde bacinge ngokutsha ngokunikezelwa kwemifanekiso yeMyuziyam yeNdala yeMizobo.

Kumashumi amane eminyaka ukususela ngo-1972, ingqokelela iye yatshintshwa ngezipho kunye nelifa elivela kubaqokeleli kunye nokufunyanwa kogcino okubonisa uphononongo oluqhubekayo lweMyuziyam lwelifa lexesha elidlulileyo. Imizobo ye-Old Master ethe yangena kwiMyuziyam ngeli xesha ibandakanya ezinye zezona zinto zidumileyo nezithandwayo zeMetropolitan, ziqala ngomfanekiso ongenakuthelekiswa nanto kaJuan de Pareja nguVelázquez ngo-1971, umfanekiso kaJacques Louis-David ka-Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier kunye nenkosikazi yakhe. Ngo-1977, iSifundo sikaVermeer soMfazi oNcinci ngo-1979, iGuercino’s Blinding of Samson ngo-1984, uLorenzo Lotto’s Venus kunye neCupid ngo-1986, umfanekiso kaPeter Paul Rubens kunye nomfazi wakhe uHelena Fourment kunye nonyana wabo omncinane ngo-1988, uPeter Deniggio waseSaint. ngo-1997, kunye ne-Duccio's Madonna kunye noMntwana ngo-2004.

Iigalari eziNtsha
Ingqokelela ngoku yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiziqingatha ezibini. I-suite esezantsi yeegalari, ngolandelelwano olungaqhawukanga, ibonisa izikolo zaseMntla: isiNetherlandish, isiJamani, isiDatshi, isiFlemish, kunye nepeyinti yaseBritani. Inkcazo-ntetho iqala ngemisebenzi kaJan van Eyck, iqhubekeka ngemizobo kaMemling, uDürer, uCranach, uBruegel, uJacob van Ruisdael, uFrans Hals, uRembrandt, uVermeer, uVan Dyck, noRubens, ize iphele ngomsebenzi kaMhlekazi uJoshua Reynolds noMhlekazi. UThomas Lawrence. Le suite entsha ineegalari ezinikelwe kumfanekiso wenkulungwane ye-15 neye-16 eNetherlands, ukupeyintwa kobomi, kunye nohlobo lokupeyinta, kunye negalari ebonisa imizekelo ebalaseleyo yobugcisa bokuhombisa kwi-17th-century Holland. I-triptych kaJoachim Patinir, kunye nomhlaba wayo omkhulu, obonakalayo odlula kwiipaneli zayo ezintathu, kunye neBruegel's The Harvesters-zombini iindawo eziphawulekayo kwimbali yokupeyinta umhlaba-ngoku ziboniswa kwigalari encinci ekhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo etyebileyo yeMyuziyam ye-17th yenkulungwane yamaDatshi. ukupeyinta umhlaba. Imizobo emihlanu yeMyuziyam yaseVermeer, emele lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wamagcisa, iboniswa kunye okokuqala ngqa kwigalari enye.

Embindini weegalari, imbali yepeyinti yaseNtaliyane yahlulahlulwe phakathi kweRenaissance, ukusuka eGiotto naseDuccio ukuya eRaphael naseTitian, nakwinkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, ukusuka eCarracci naseCaravaggio ukuya eCanaletto naseTiepolo. Lo mboniso ukwatyebile kwiigalari ezinemixholo, ubonisa amanani amakhulu enkulungwane ye-15 yaseFlorence; igalari enikezelwe ngaphakathi kwekhaya kunye neepaneli ezivela kwizifuba zomtshato (cassoni) kunye nokukhethwa kwe-maiolica; kunye nomnye ukujongana nobudlelwane bomzobo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Iigalari ezinemixholo enemisebenzi kumajelo osasazo ahlukeneyo zenziwe zaba nokwenzeka yintsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kweSebe leMizobo yaseYurophu kunye neSebe leMizobo yaseYurophu kunye noBugcisa bokuhombisa. I-Duccio kunye nabapeyinti baseSienese bangena kwigalari ende enikezelwe kwi-altare ye-Gothic kunye nesenzo sonqulo e-Itali, eSpain, nase-Netherlands.

Igalari enikezelwe kwipeyinti yokwakheka komhlaba eRoma, apho umntu obalaseleyo wayengengomTaliyane kodwa umzobi ongumFrentshi uClaude Lorrain, ukhokelela kwipeyinti yesiFrentshi yenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18, kunye negalari enye inikezelwe kwipeyinti yekhabhathi kunye nenye kwingqokelela ebalaseleyo yeMetropolitan. Ipeyinti yeNeoclassical-yeyona intle ngaphandle kweFransi.

UGoya, umlinganiswa oyintloko wokuKhanya eSpeyin kunye nomzobi owachitha iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe eBordeaux, eFransi, uboniswa kwigalari ebekwe ngobuchule phakathi kwemifanekiso emikhulu yomzobo waseSpain wenkulungwane ye-17—uRibera, uVelázquez, noMurillo— kunye nabantu bexesha lakhe eFransi. Kwezi galari, omnye weyona mizobo ithandwayo yeGoya yeMetropolitan Museum, inkwenkwana uManuel Osorio Manrique de Zuñiga (1784–1792), udityaniswe ngokulusizi nomfanekiso kaGoya kanina nodade wabo uCondesa de Altamira kunye nentombi yakhe, uMaría Agustina, ngo. mboleko evela kwiNgqokelela yeMyuziyam yaseLehman.

Imali mboleko ezizodwa
Ukubhiyozela ukuvulwa kweegalari ezintsha, inani leemali-mboleko ezikhethekileyo ezivela kubaqokeleli babucala ziya kubonwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo ukuya kunyaka, zivala izikhewu kwingqokelela yeMyuziyam yeMetropolitan. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezigqwesileyo ezibolekwayo yi-Orazio Gentileschi ekhangayo iDanaë, iRibera's Portrait of the Count of Monterrey, iMidas kaManfredi yokuhlamba kuMthombo wePactolus, iPoussin's The Agony eGadini, Uvuko lukaGiovanni da Milano, iPseudo-The Demasio's Cross. , Umfanekiso kaBotticelli weNkwenkwana, uBernard van Orley's Ukunqunyulwa kwentloko kaYohane uMbhaptizi, uKristu kaJan Gossart othwele umnqamlezo, iinkomo zikaPaulus Potter kwintsimi kunye nabahambi ngenqwelo, uCarl Fabritius uHagar kunye neNgelosi, uPeter Paul Rubens. I-Commander, kunye ne-Goya enqabileyo kakhulu kuBomi bemivundla efileyo.

Iifreyimu ezitsha
Enkosi kwisisa kunye nenkxaso yeKomiti yoNdwendwelo yeSebe leMizobo yaseYurophu, imizobo elishumi yeMet's Old Master iphinde yafakelwa izakhelo zexesha. Izakhelo ezitsha zikumgangatho obalaseleyo. Imizekelo emithathu ebalaseleyo yiCarpaccio's Meditation on the Passion, esanda kucocwa kwaye ibuyiselwe kwaye iboniswe kwisakhelo saseVenetian ca. Ngo-1500, iseyile enkulu kaMurillo uDon Andrés de Andrade y la Cal, ngoku kwisakhelo esihle sanamhlanje esimnyama-ne-golide esipeyintiweyo, kunye noMfanekiso weNdoda kaFrans Hals, owawusakuba kwisakhelo esihonjisiweyo senkulungwane ye-19 kwaye ngoku ilula, intle. ifruitwood isakhelo ngokuqinisekileyo sisondele kwindlela ebeza kucwangciswa ngayo kwi-17th century Holland.

Ushicilelo
Imizobo yaseYurophu kwiMyuziyam yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa: IsiKhokelo sokuHamba, esipapashwe ukuze sihambelane nokuvulwa kweNew European Paintings Galleries, 1250-1800, ihlelwe nguKeith Christiansen, uJohn Pope-Hennessy uSihlalo, kunye noKatharine Baetjer, uCurator, bobabini iSebe leMizobo yaseYurophu, kwaye iya kuthengiswa kwiivenkile zeencwadi zeMyuziyam ($ 9.99). Incwadi yesikhokelo enemifanekiso ngokupheleleyo isebenza njengesikhokelo sobuqu kwiigalari ezintsha, ibonelela ngohambo lokuqokelelwa kwemizobo ye-Old Master kunye neeGalari zeMizobo ye-19th-Early 20th-Century ye-European Painting and Sculpture.

Kwakhona kwapapashwa kunye nokuvulwa kweegalari ezintsha yiMizobo yaseJamani kwiMyuziyam yeMetropolitan yoBugcisa, ngo-1350-1600, nguMaryan W. Ainsworth noJoshua P. Waterman, uphononongo olungqongqo lwezifundo ezidlulileyo kunye nezangoku kunye nophononongo olukhulu lwesiJamani. , isiOstriya, nesiSwiss sisebenza kwingqokelela yeMyuziyam ngabantu abaphakamileyo abanjengoDürer, uCranach, uHolbein noSchäufelein. Olu papasho lusasazwa yiYale University Press kwaye ithengiswa kwiivenkile zeencwadi zeMyuziyam ($75.00).

Upapasho lwenziwe lwaba nokwenzeka nguDiane W. noJames E. Burke Fund kunye neMary C. noJames W. Fosburgh Publications Fund.

Ikhathalogu ye-Intanethi
Zonke iileyibhile zodonga zibhalwe ngokutsha ukubonisa uphando lwamva nje. Amangeno ekhathalogu ekwi-Intanethi ayafumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo eziphambili zewebhusayithi, kunye neminye imizobo emininzi. Ulwazi lwekhathalogu ye-intanethi, kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-altare kunye nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe ngamaxesha onke lufikeleleka ngokuthe ngqo kwiigalari, ezixhotywe nge-Wi-Fi. Ulwazi lweWebhusayithi lufikeleleka ngoko nangoko ngeGoogle Goggles.

IiKhredithi zokuBonisa
Uhlaziyo kunye nokufakwa kwakhona kweegalari zajongwa nguKeith Christiansen, esebenza neqela labagcini beSebe lezokupeyinta laseYurophu— uMaryan Ainsworth, uKatharine Baetjer, uAndrea Bayer, uWalter Liedtke, uXavier Salomon—kunye nabasebenzi bogcino bamasebe aseYurophu. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye noBugcisa bokuhombisa, ubuGcisa beMedieval, kunye noBugcisa bamaGrike namaRoma, phantsi kobunkokeli bukaLuke Syson, uIris noB. Gerald Cantor Curator ophetheyo; UPeter Barnet, uMichel David-Weill uMgcini oLawulayo; kunye noCarlos Picón, uMlondolozi oLawulayo, ngokulandelelanayo. ISebe lezoLondolozo lweMizobo, phantsi kolawulo lukaMichael Gallagher, uSherman Fairchild Conservator oLawulayo, uye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo.

IiKhredithi zoYilo
Uyilo lwegalari nguMichael Langley, uMphathi woYilo loMboniso; ukukhanya nguClint Ross Coller kunye noRichard Lichte, Abaphathi boYilo lokuKhanya; kunye nemizobo yekaSophia Geronimus, uMphathi woYilo loMzobo, uMort Lebigre, uMyili weMizobo, kunye noNorie Morimoto, uMyili weMizobo, bonke beSebe loYilo leMyuziyam.

Isikhokelo somsindo
Ukhenketho olutsha lwe-audio ye-New European Paintings Galleries, i-1250-1800, iya kunikwa njengenxalenye yeNkqubo yeSikhokelo sokuLawulwa kweMyuziyam. Iza kufumaneka ukuba irente ($ 7, $ 6 for Amalungu, $5 kubantwana abangaphantsi 12).