U-Kiyoshi Watanabe uthenge izabelo zaseJapan Airlines Corp. kunyaka ophelileyo malunga ne-100 yen (i-1.10 yeedola) kwaye waphulukana ne-90 yepesenti yotyalo-mali lwakhe kuqikelelo lokuba lowo wayesakuba ngumthwali weflegi uza kubhangiswa. Ukanti uyasixhasa isigqibo sikarhulumente sokurhoxa kwibheyile.
“Ngotofelo-gazi, i-JAL iya kusinda nje njengezombi,” utshilo uWatanabe, oneminyaka engama-44, usihlalo wombutho ongenzi ngeniso eTokyo. “Yinto entle le. I-JAL kufuneka ilungiswe.”
Ukuzingca kwesizwe kwi-JAL, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba “lilanga eliphumayo phantsi kwesambrela sikarhulumente,” liye lehla ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, xa lalibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kahlanu phakathi kweenkampani abafundi abaphumelele ekholejini ababenqwenela ukukhonza, ngokutsho kwenkampani yokubeka iRecruit Co., yaseTokyo. Umphathiswa osekwe eTokyo, ochaze isiqingatha sokuqala selahleko ye-yen ezibhiliyoni ezili-131, uxhaswe zibheyile zikarhulumente ezine kwiminyaka elithoba.
“Xa ndandingumfundi e-US, ndaba nemvakalelo entle xa ndabona inqwelomoya ye-JAL kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya,” utshilo uYukio Noguchi, unjingalwazi wezemali kwiYunivesithi yaseWaseda eTokyo. Yayilibhongo lethu njengamaJapan.
I-JAL igqibe indawo ye-14 kuvavanyo lwe-Recruit kunyaka ophelileyo, ngelixa imbangi i-All Nippon Airways Co.
I-Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corp. yaseJapan, i-arhente esebenzisana norhulumente ekhokela uhlengahlengiso lomthwali, iya kwenza isigqibo sokugqibela kwisicwangciso sayo ngoJan. 19, uMphathiswa wezoThutho uSeiji Maehara uxelele iintatheli kwiveki ephelileyo.
IBailout
I-JAL yaqala ngo-1951 njengenkampani yabucala ebizwa ngokuba yiJapan Air Lines. Yaba yekarhulumente ngo-1953, yabizwa ngokuba yiJapan Airlines kwaye yaqalisa iinkonzo zamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente wathengisa izabelo zakhe ngo-1987 kwaye inkampani yeenqwelomoya yenziwa yabucala.
I-JAL yaboleka imali engachazwanga kurhulumente ngo-Oktobha 2001 ukuze ihlangabezane nokudodobala kohambo olulandela uhlaselo lukaSeptemba 11. Ngo-2004, i-JAL yafumana i-90 yeebhiliyoni zeeyen kwimali-mboleko engxamisekileyo kwiBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseJapan njengoko intsholongwane ye-SARS kunye nemfazwe yase-Iraq yanciphisa imfuno yokuhamba.
Icele uncedo olungakumbi lukarhulumente ngo-Epreli wama-2009, ifaka isicelo semali-mboleko ye-yen ezibhiliyoni ezingama-200 kwiBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseJapan ngexesha lokudodobala koqoqosho kwihlabathi. Kwinyanga elandelayo i-JAL yabhengeza ukucuthwa kwemisebenzi nge-1,200 kwaye yathi izakunciphisa iindleko nge-50 yeebhiliyoni zee-yen kulo nyaka-mali.
Izithembiso zephulo
Inkulumbuso uYukio Hatoyama wathembisa ngexesha lephulo lakhe lonyulo kulo nyaka uphelileyo ukuguqula ubudlelwane phakathi kukarhulumente, i-bureaucracy kunye namashishini amakhulu - ebizwa ngokuba "ngunxantathu wentsimbi" waseJapan.
"Ukungabikho kwemali kuya kutshintsha umfanekiso wolawulo eJapan kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kukarhulumente kunye neenkampani," utshilo uMartin Schulz, ingcali yezoqoqosho kwiFujitsu Research Institute eTokyo. "Uluntu lufuna ngokucacileyo ukuba amanye amaqhina amadala anqunyulwe."
Urhulumente uthe umntu ophetheyo uza kuqhubeka nokusebenza. Zingaphezulu kwe-100 iinqwelomoya eziye zatshona ukusukela ngo-1978, ngokutsho kweqela lezorhwebo elisekwe eWashington Air Transport Association. Uluhlu luquka iDelta Air Lines Inc., iUAL Corp.'s United Airlines, Northwest Airlines Corp., US Airways Group Inc. kunye neContinental Airlines Inc.
I-Swissair kunye ne-affiliate Sabena SA ayiphumelelanga kwi-2001, kwaye iNew Zealand yenza i-Air New Zealand Ltd. ngaloo nyaka ukukhusela ukuwa kwayo.
I-Phoenix-based Mesa Air Group Inc. ifakwe kwi-bankruptcy ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
“Ndicinga ukuba le yipilisi enzima kakhulu ukuyiginya kubasebenzi be-JAL nabadla umhlala-phantsi,” utshilo uKenta Kimura, oneminyaka engama-31, usozimali we-JAL osebenza kuphuhliso lweprojekthi kwiZiko leNtsebenziswano yaMazwe ngaMazwe laseTokyo. "Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ndicinga ukuba siza kujonga emva kwaye sithi bekulungile ukulungisa inkampani."
Uzuko lwangaphambili
Ukuhla kwexesha elide kwe-JAL kuyaligatya ixabiso lokothuka lokutshona, abatyali-mali bathi. Ukuwohloka kweBhanki yeTyala yeXesha elide kunye neYamaichi Securities ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 kothusa isizwe esifikelela kwingxaki yokuqhawuka koqoqosho lwamaqamza, ngeli lixa ukubhanga okunokwenzeka kwe-JAL, okunokuba kokona kwesithandathu kukhulu eJapan, yayiyiminyaka isenziwa.
"Ukuba bekuyiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, bekuya kuba nzima ukuyeka i-JAL ukuba ibhubhe," utshilo uMitsushige Akino, owongamela malunga ne-450 yezigidi zeerandi kwizinto ze-asethi e-Tokyo-based Ichiyoshi Investment Management Co. ukusindisa i-JAL, enozuko lwexesha elidluleyo kuphela.”
UWatanabe uthe i-JAL "yintsika yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe" phantsi korhulumente wangaphambili, okwenza ukuba ukungabikho kwemali kube luphuhliso olothusayo.
“Esi yayisisigqibo esikhaliphileyo ekubambeni izembe,” utshilo. "Njengomnini sabelo kunye nanjengommi waseJapan, ndicinga ukuba yayiyinto elungileyo ukuyenza."
