(eTN) – Ukuba akusiyo imfazwe eqhubekayo, ngoku esele ingaphezu kweminyaka emithandathu ubudala, i-Iraq inokuba ifumana amabhodlo ayo – amabhodlo amandulo, oko kukuthi, kuncedo lokhenketho. Kukho iindawo ze-archaeological ezingama-10,000 ezithe saa kwiBhabhiloni yanamhlanje.
Kodwa njengoko ukudubulana okuphalala igazi kusaqhubeka, iindawo zemveli zelizwe, zembali ziphantsi kosoyikiso-ziphulukene nexabiso kwaye ziphulukene nabo ngokungekho mthethweni. Ubuncwane obuxabisekileyo zezona ndawo zidumileyo zamaSilamsi eSamarra nase-Ukhaidir, inqaba yamaSilamsi kufutshane neKarbala. Iindawo ezindala zibandakanya amabhodlo avela kwimpucuko yaseSumerian, iAkkadian, iBhabhiloni, iParthian kunye neSassanian. Kukho iindawo ezingcwele zamaYuda, kunye neendawo zamaKristu urhulumente azama ukuzikhusela. Ngokuphangwa kweendawo zakudala kuMazantsi eIraq kuxhaphakile, ulawulo lwezinto zakudala ngumsebenzi onzima ngokwenene. Uninzi lweendawo ezikwiPhondo leDhi Qar zingaphambi kobuSilamsi, ziqala ngo-3200 BC ukuya kwi500 AD. Ikhonkco phakathi kwamajoni amaSilamsi kunye nokuphanga kwiindawo zakudala zakudala zamaSilamsi kudala kurhanelwa, kodwa bekunzima ukungqina.
Nokuba umfanekiso ubonakala umbi kangakanani na, u-Bahaa Mayah, umcebisi woMphathiswa wezoKhenketho weLizwe kunye ne-Antiquities, ujonga ikamva lokhenketho kunye nokukhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba ngaba iisayithi kuphela zikhuselwa.
“Imvelaphi yempucuko yamandulo ineendawo ezingezizo eze-Iraq kuphela kodwa ezehlabathi liphela,” watsho uMayah, wongezelela ngelithi, “Nangona imeko yokhuseleko ikhoyo ngoku; sinokutsala abakhenkethi abambalwa ngokwahlukana kukhenketho lwenkolo, olwahlukileyo kukhenketho lonyaka eSaudi Arabia oluxhomekeke kwiHajj kunye neUmrah. Sifuna ukhenketho lonyaka wonke olusebenza ngaphakathi nangaphandle.”
Ukucinga ukuba kukho izigidi ezingama-200 zamaShiites anokuthi i-Iraq iwacofe, uMaya ucinga ukuba badinga iziseko ezingundoqo ukuze baqhube ibhola. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya esisembindini weIraq sisebenzela izixeko ezithathu eziphambili zeKarbala, iNajaf kunye neHela okanye iBabylonia inokukhuthaza ukugcwala kwabantu. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe yeyobugcisa bale mihla. Umzila weenqwelo-moya olula onesitena esenziwe ngeefreyimu zentsimbi ezifana neseSulaymania, efumana iinqwelomoya ezivela eIran nakwamanye amazwe asempuma yeSaudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Pakistan, Lebanon naseSyria, iya kwenza okwethutyana.
“Ukhenketho lonqulo lunokuba yeyona nto iphambili. Izakuphinda iphucule ukhuseleko kweli lizwe, logama iqulathe abo baphembelela ubundlobongela,” utshilo. Ngaphandle kwemingeni yokhuseleko, umcebisi wezokhenketho ukholelwa ukuba ilizwe linokuvelisa amathuba kwaye linikele ngomhlaba kutyalo-mali. Nangona kunjalo uthe, “Asinazo iinkonzo, iihotele kunye neeresityu, zonke zidlakazwe yimfazwe namhlanje. Lwakuba lukho uxolo, singakwazi ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho ngokusebenzisa izinto zakudala, ezenkolo nezenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.” Ukhenketho lwezenkolo aluzukubonelela kuphela amaShiites kunye namaSunni kuba i-Iraq ineendawo ezahlukeneyo ezingcwele ukusuka kwiSilamsi, ubuKristu ukuya kubuYuda.
I-Iraq iya kucofa ukhenketho ukunciphisa ngaphezulu kwe-95 pesenti yokuxhomekeka kwi-oyile. UMayah uthe i-Iraq inokukhuthaza abantu abancinci ukuba bathathe ingqesho kukhenketho. “Ukudala amathuba emisebenzi kuza kunceda ukulwa ubunqolobi, kunqanyulwe amakhonkco phakathi kwabo baphelelwe lithemba nabagqogqa ulutsha ukuba luqhube uhlaselo kuba lukholelwa ukuba akukho nto inokuphulukana nayo. Ukuba sibanika ikamva - imisebenzi, uqoqosho olusebenzayo kunye notyalo-mali lokuba ngabanini okanye ukulawula baya kuba negalelo kukhenketho. Sinokwenza izigidi e-Iraq ngokuba notyalo-mali oluncinci kwiziseko zophuhliso kuphela. "
Ngolawulo oluwileyo oluthatha iminyaka engama-35, i-Iraq yahlala iluluntu oluvaliweyo nolungenanxibelelwano nehlabathi. Emva kowe-1991, i-embargo yase-Iraq yabangela ukuba abantu okanye izixhobo eziphathekayo zisetyenziswe okanye zigcinwe. “Sijongene nobu bunzima namhlanje, sinezinto ezimbini esinokukhetha kuzo: nokuba sihlale phantsi, silinde singenzi nto de kufike uxolo. Okanye siphuhlisa icandelo ngokuchitha ixesha kunye nomzamo ekuphuhliseni abasebenzi bethu namhlanje. Undoqo walo mbandela kukuba asinabo abantu abazingcaphephe kweli shishini,” utshilo uMayah esongeza ukuba ukhenketho namhlanje luphucukile ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunokhenketho kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo. Isidingo esinye esicacileyo - iingcali kuwo onke amacandelo oshishino. "Amazwe anobuhlobo okanye abo sisebenzisana nabo kufuneka baqonde ukuba le yeyona nto siyidingayo ngoku ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na kuncedo."
“Ukhenketho kufuneka lujongwe njengenxalenye yemfazwe yobugrogrisi. Ukuvelisa imisebenzi kuya kunceda ukulwa nobunqolobi, "utshilo uMayah ecela uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba lungenelele kwaye luseke ingxowa-mali kunye nokwakha amaziko omsebenzi wokuqeqesha ama-Iraqis. “Okwangoku, sinezikolo ezibini kuphela, esinye siseBaghdad esinye siseMosul. Okulusizi kukuba, le yaseBaghdad yayiyeyona yayijoliswe kakhulu ngabanqolobi (eyabulala unozakuzaku weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo uFrank De Melo kuqhushumbo lokuzibulala kwilori kwikomkhulu). Kufuneka siwabuyisele kwisimo sawo la maziko kwaye senze ikharityhulamu ephucukileyo ukuze sazise abantu base-Iraqis emarikeni, ”utshilo, ebanga ukuba iziko lokhenketho lwenkolo liza kubaluleka, ngokunjalo, notyalo-mali oluvela kumazwe angabamelwane.
Ngokubhekele phaya kuMayah, abamelwane bama-Arabhu, bephenjelelwa ziingcamango zobupolitika, bangathanda ukubona iIraq ixhaswa ngamaShiite. “Bangathanda ukusibona siyilungisa le nto; ukuba bonke abantu baseIraq babe nenjongo enye yezopolitiko; kwaye siyayiphelisa le ngxabano kungekudala. Kulapho kuphela apho siya kubona utyalo-mali lokhenketho lungena ngokukhululekileyo e-Iraq, ”uvale.
