ILos Yungas igqalwa njengowona mmandla utyebileyo weli lizwe njengoko ibamba inani elikhulu neentlobo zezilwanyana, ezinjengeetapirs, iipeccaries, agoutis, neeotter; iintyatyambo ezininzi; kunye namathafa anamasimi e-coca, umoba, ikofu, i-cocoa, i-papayas, iibhanana, i-lúcumas, phakathi kwabanye.
Izixeko zayo eziphambili, iCoroico, iChulumani, kunye neCaranavi, zitsala abakhenkethi abaninzi minyaka le kwizinto zabo ezinomtsalane, kubandakanya iLa Cumbre evulekileyo, indlela yokufa, iSan Juan, umlambo waseCoroico, isigqubuthelo somtshato, amasimi eCoca-Cola, ikhephu. I-Coripata, kunye neendawo ezininzi apho iindwendwe zinokuhamba intaba, ukukhwela ibhayisekile entabeni, okanye eminye imisebenzi.
Phakathi kowe-1999 nowama-2003, amakhulu abantu baseBolivia bafa bezama ukuhamba ngendlela edumileyo iDeath Road. Ngowama-2007, iBolivia yavula enye indlela yezithuthi ezihlala zihamba rhoqo, ishiya indlela yokuqala inomtsalane kubakhweli beebhayisikile. Ngokophononongo olutsha olwenziwa yiWildlife Conservation Society (WCS), oku akukhange kusindise ubomi kuphela kodwa kukwancede nendalo.
Ukuqhuba ngesandla sasekhohlo kuphela kule ndlela eMzantsi Melika. Iimoto ezinyuka zisuka eCoroico zilandela ngokuqinileyo intaba kwaye zihamba phambili, ngelixa ezo zihla zisuka eLa Paz zifumana amawa ayingozi kufutshane. Indlela yegrabile ikholisa ukuba banzi ngokwaneleyo isithuthi esinye kuphela, kwaye nakuphi na ukungaqondi kakuhle kwezi nduli zidizayo kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibulalayo.
IYungas ekubhekiselwa kuyo njengeMihlaba efudumeleyo kulwimi lwase-Aymara, ibonisa ibhanti engaqhelekanga yamahlathi ashinyeneyo kwicala elingasempuma leeNtaba zeAndes. Unwenwela ukunqumla ePeru, eBolivia, nakumntla weArgentina, ukhonza njengommandla okhethekileyo odibanisa iindawo eziphakamileyo zeeAndes namahlathi achumileyo asempuma. Imozulu yayo efumileyo nekwitropikhi inika indawo yokugcina izilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yindawo yokuzimela eyohlukeneyo.
IYungas ibonisa uhlaza oluxineneyo kunye nenkqubo yezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, ikhuthaza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, ngaloo ndlela izenza zibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yolondolozo. Imozulu yawo eyahlukileyo kunye nomsebenzi wawo njengesinxibelelanisi sendalo phakathi kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo zikhulisa ukubaluleka kwazo.
Ukusasazwa kweJografi kunye neMozulu
Ii-Yungas zikwindawo ye-Neotropic ecozone kwaye zinemozulu efudumeleyo, efumileyo ephawulwa kukuna kwemvula eninzi ebangelwa yimvula ye-orographic. Le mvula ingako ixhasa ukukhula kwamahlathi ashinyeneyo kumathambeka asempuma eAndes. EBolivia, iYungas igubungela amathambeka asempuma e-Andean Cordillera Real, ifikelela emantla-mpuma nasemantla eLa Paz naseCochabamba. Imimandla enamahlathi anemixawuka efana neYungas inokufunyanwa naseColombia, e-Ecuador nasePeru.
UkuHlaliswa koLuntu kunye neMisebenzi yezoQoqosho
Ummandla waseYungas kudala uthandwa ngabantu abasuka kumazwe angaphandle abatsalwa bubutyebi bawo obuninzi, obunjengegolide, amagqabi ecoca, ikofu, nekoko, evelisa iimbotyi zekoko.
Iinzame zikarhulumente zokuphucula ezothutho kunye nokuseka amakholoni zibe negalelo kwiinzame zophuhliso eziqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcina ulungelelwaniso olubuthathaka phakathi kolondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokuzinzileyo kuhlala kubalulekile nangona kukho iimpembelelo zoqoqosho.
Ii-Ecosystems kunye noMhlaba ohlukeneyo
Ummandla weYungas uquka uluhlu olubanzi lwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwezidalwa, ukusuka kumahlathi asemazantsi afumileyo ukuya kumahlathi ahlala eluhlaza kwiindawo ezisezintabeni nezigqunywe ngamafu. Imimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo nerhabaxa, equka iintlambo ezinzulu, iindledlana zeentaba eziqukuqelayo, nemisinga, ikhulisa ukuhlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo yokuhlala.
I-assortment yeendawo zokuhlala zitshintsha ngotshintsho kwisibanzi kunye nokuphakama, kudlala indima kubuninzi bezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kule ndawo.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-Endemism
Ummandla waseYungas uneentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezininzi kunye nenani eliphezulu leentlobo ezikhethekileyo. IYungas yaseMazantsi eAndean inamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza anokuba ngawodwa aseleyo ukusuka kwiQuaternary glaciations.
Ukubaluleka kwe-ikholoji yalo mmandla kususela kwizityalo kunye nobomi bezilwanyana obahlukileyo, obulungelelaniswe nendalo yayo eyahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukulondoloza ummandla weYungas yeyona nto iphambili.
Ukubaluleka kweNkcubeko
Ummandla waseYungas ubalulekile ngokwendalo kwaye unentsingiselo yenkcubeko kuluntu lwemveli, oluthi luyibiza imimandla yalo eyahlukeneyo likhaya. Abantu base-Aymara, abaziwa ngenkcubeko yelifa labo elinzulu, banolwalamano olomeleleyo nalo mmandla, ukuwugqala njengendlela yokuphila nendawo engcwele.
Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane zobulumko bemveli, iindlela zokulima zemveli ziye zabumba unxibelelwano phakathi koluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Intaka Ukubukela iParadesi
Ummandla weYungas yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuya kubathandi beentaka, ibonelela ngekhusi kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentaka. Ngoluhlu olubanzi lokuphakama kunye neendawo zokuhlala, lo mmandla utsala intlaninge emangalisayo yezidalwa ezizintaka, ezifana neetoucans, iingcungcu kunye nezikhwenene ezininzi.
Ukuthandwa kokhenketho lokubukela iintaka kuye kwanda, kuhenda abathanda indalo kunye neengcali zeentaka ukuba zifumanise intaphane yeentaka zeli hlathi likwitropiki.
Izityalo zonyango kunye noNyango lweMveli
IiYungas zininzi kwizityalo ezichumileyo ezigcina ingqokelela exabisekileyo yezityalo zamayeza. Ezinziswe kumasiko ekudala ekhona, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lufunde ukusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ukuphilisa iipropati zabo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ummandla waseYungas usebenza njengekhemesti edlamkileyo, ibonelela ngezixhobo zamayeza esintu ezixhase uluntu kwaye itsale abaphandi abaphanda ngokusetyenziswa konyango okunokubakho kwezi zityalo.
Imingeni kuLondolozo
Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yokulondoloza lo mmandla, iiYungas zisaqhubeka zihlangabezana nemiqobo ebangelwa zizenzo zabantu, njengokugawulwa kwemithi, ukwandisa ezolimo nokuphuhlisa izakhiwo. Ukuba ayiphathwa ngendlela egcinakeleyo, le misebenzi inamandla okubangela ukuqhekeka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nelahleko, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo zendawo. Ukoyisa le mingeni kunye nokukhusela impilo-ntle ye-ikholoji yommandla, kunyanzelekile ukuphumeza amalinge olondolozo nokwamkela iindlela ezisekelwe kuluntu.
Indlela yokufa
Ummandla waseYungas, owaziwa ngommandla wawo owahlukeneyo kunye nemibono emihle, uye waba yindawo ethandwayo yokhenketho lokukhenketha. Iindlela zokuhamba zityhutyha emahlathini, zinika amathuba anomdla kwabo bafuna imincili. Indlela yokuFa eyaziwayo yaseBolivia (iCamino de la Muerte), eyehla ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo yeAndes ukuya eYungas, yindawo eyaziwayo yehlabathi yokukhwela ibhayisekile etsala abantu abathanda ukuzonwabisa kwihlabathi liphela.
Impembelelo yoTshintsho lweMozulu
Utshintsho lwemozulu luchaphazela ummandla weYungas, luchaphazela ubushushu, iipateni zemvula, kunye nemiba enxulumene noko. Olu tshintsho lubeka emngciphekweni ulungelelwaniso oluthambileyo lwenkqubo yendalo kulo mmandla. Ukubeka esweni olu tshintsho kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okulungelelanisa kubalulekile ekukhuseleni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye noluntu lwaseYungas.