Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe siSitshixo kuHlumo loQoqosho lweXesha elide lwase-US

I-Concord Coalition kunye ne-Global Aging Institute (GAI) namhlanje ngokudibeneyo bakhuphe iphepha elitsha elinesihloko esithi, Indima ebalulekileyo yokuFudukela kwi-Aging America. Eli phepha, eliyinxalenye yongcelele lwenkupho emfutshane oluphuma rhoqo ngekota olubizwa ngokuba yi<em>The Shape of Things to Come, licacisa ukuba, kwananjengokuba abantu abafudukela eUnited States besiya behla, ukubaluleka kwako kukukhula kwamanani abemi noqoqosho lwesizwe kuye kwanda.              

“Ibali laseMerika ubukhulu becala linokubaliswa njengebali labaphambukeli. Nangona kubalulekile njengoko ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe bekusoloko kubumba ubuntu kunye nenkcubeko yaseMelika, akukaze kube kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuchumeni njengoko kuya kuba njalo kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Amazwe amaninzi asele ephuhlileyo enze ukuba abantu bafudukele kwelinye ilizwe babe yeyona nto iphambili kwiqhinga labo lexesha elide lokujongana nokwaluphala kwabantu. Ngeli xesha, i-United States iyaqhubeka nokuphuma kwingxaki yexesha elisondeleyo ukuya kwingxaki yexesha elisondeleyo, utshilo uRichard Jackson, uMongameli weGlobal Aging Institute kunye nombhali weli phepha.

"Kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa sasinezinga lokuchuma, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe babegcina abasebenzi bekhula. Kwixesha elizayo, ziya kuba yiyo yonke into egcina iyancipha, ”utshilo uJackson. 

"Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ibingumcimbi oshushu wezopolitiko iminyaka emininzi kangangokuba phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba udlule kwintetho yeqela kwaye ugxile kwiinyani ekumele ukuba zixelele izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo, utshilo uRobert Bixby, uMlawuli oyiNtloko weConcord Coalition.

“Kukho indawo enkulu yokungavisisani ngokwemigaqo kwimiba yomgaqo-nkqubo wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Into engabuzwayo kukuba iMelika esele ikhulile ingaxhamla ekunyukeni kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, ”utshilo uBixby.

Izigqibo eziphambili ezivela kumbandela omfutshane ziquka:

• Ukukhula kwabantu abakubudala bokusebenza, kungoko ingqesho isoloko ingumqhubi obalulekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingoyena mqhubi ubalulekileyo, wokukhula koqoqosho eMelika. Kodwa njengoko amaqela amancinane azalwe ukususela ekupheleni kwemfazwe emva kwemfazwe, i-Baby Boom inyuke ileli, ukukhula kwabemi beminyaka yokusebenza kuye kwancipha, ukusuka kwi-1.7 yeepesenti ngonyaka kwii-1970 ukuya kwi-0.8 yeepesenti ngonyaka ukususela ngo-2000.

• Kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu izayo, ngokwe-Ofisi yoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali yeCongressional (CBO) yamva nje kaMatshi ka-2021 ingqikelelo yexesha elide, abantu abakwiminyaka yokusebenza e-United States bazakukhula ngesantya esiphakathi nje nge-0.2 ekhulwini ngonyaka. Konke oku kukhula, ngaphezu koko, kuya kubangelwe kukufudukela kwamanye amazwe, apho iCBO icinga ukuba iya kunyuka ibuye ukusuka kwinqanaba layo lika-2021 elimalunga nama-500,000 ukuya malunga nesigidi esinye ngonyaka, ngaphezu komndilili walo ukusuka kuDongoqo olukhulu. Ngaphandle kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, abantu abakubudala bokusebenza bebeya kucutheka.

• Ukufudukela e-United States bekukwindlela esezantsi kakhulu ukusukela ngo-2015, uninzi lugxininiswa ngubhubhane xa amazinga okufudukela ehla ngenxa yezinto ezifana nemida evaliweyo kunye nokuthintelwa kokuhamba ngo-2020.

• Ukwanda kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe akunako ukubuyisela umva ukwaluphala kwabemi okanye ukusombulula yonke imiceli mngeni eyibangayo. Apho imfuduko inokuba nempembelelo enkulu kukunyusa izinga lokukhula kwabantu abakwiminyaka yokusebenza, kwaye ke ngoko izinga lokukhula kwengqesho kunye neGDP.

• Ukuba ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kuhambelana noqikelelo lwe-CBO, i-United States inokulindela ukubona ukwanda kwabemi beminyaka yokusebenza malunga ne-11 lepesenti kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo. Ngaphandle kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, inani labantu abakubudala bokusebenza kunokulindelwa ukuba lehle phantse nge-16 ekhulwini kwangelo xesha linye.

• Ukujonga amanani ngenye indlela, ngo-2075 inani labantu abakwiminyaka yokusebenza liya kuba lilikhulu kwisinye esithathwini ngokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunokuba ngaphandle kwalo. Zonke ezinye izinto zilingana, i-GDP iya kuba nesinye kwisithathu esikhulu-kwaye i-GDP enkulu yenza ukuba zonke izinto zifikeleleke ngakumbi, kubandakanywa nokuhlawula iindleko zoluntu lwethu oluguga.

• Nakwinqanaba elikhulu lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe apho iiprojekthi ze-CBO, ukukhula kokwenyani kwe-GDP kuya kutshona ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 ekhulwini ngalinye ngonyaka ngowama-2030 noo-2040, phantse sibe sisiqingatha somndilili wasemva kwemfazwe. Ukuba imfuduko eshiyekileyo iyasilela ukubuyela kwinqanaba leeprojekthi ze-CBO, imbonakalo yezoqoqosho iya kuba mbi nangakumbi. Kwelinye icala, ukuba imfuduko eshiyekileyo idlula inqanaba leeprojekthi zeCBO, imbonakalo yoqoqosho inokuba ngcono kakhulu.

• Ukukhula kweGDP ngokuqinisekileyo kunamacandelo amabini: ukukhula kwengqesho kunye nokukhula kwemveliso. Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokucacileyo kwandisa okokuqala, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba abaphambukeli bongeza kubemi bebonke, kodwa nangenxa yokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba bakwiminyaka yokusebenza kunabemi bomthonyama bomthonyama. Nangona ii-dynamics zintsonkothile, uninzi lweengcali zezoqoqosho zikholelwa ukuba ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kukwanyusa ukukhula kwemveliso.

• Uncedo olunokubakho lwezoqoqosho lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe lwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngoosoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, inani leenkxalabo eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezingalunganga malunga neendleko kunye neenzuzo zokufuduka ziyaqhubeka ziphazamisa ingxoxo yomgaqo-nkqubo. Mhlawumbi eyona nto iviwa rhoqo kukuba abaphambukeli bathabatha imisebenzi kubasebenzi bomthonyama. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba lenkampani, kwaye kunokwenzeka nakwinqanaba loshishino. Kodwa kwinqanaba loqoqosho ngokubanzi phantse zonke iingcali zoqoqosho ziyavuma ukuba uluvo lokuba kukho ukhuphiswano lwe-zero-sum phakathi kwamaqela awohlukeneyo ngemisebenzi edalwa luqoqosho alunasihlahla.

• Inyaniso yeyokuba imisebenzi yabasebenzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe ayibavimbeli imisebenzi kubazalelwe bomthonyama kanye njengokuba imisebenzi yabasetyhini ibalela imisebenzi emadodeni okanye imisebenzi ngenxa yabadala abafuni imisebenzi kwabaselula. Enyanisweni, okwahlukileyo koko kuyinyaniso. Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabaphambukeli ivelisa ingeniso eyongezelelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimfuno eyongezelelekileyo yeempahla neenkonzo ezithi ziguqulele ekubeni yimisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho ngokubanzi, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe sisindululo semali encomekayo.

Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, kunyanzelekile ukuba abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bomanyano bathathe indlela esebenzayo, enobuchule kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ukomeleza impumelelo yezoqoqosho yexesha elide. Ngokuthatha eli nyathelo - njengoko amanye amazwe enzile - i-United States inokuqinisekisa inani labantu abakwiminyaka yokusebenza elizinzileyo nanjengoko abantu bebonke bekhula.