I-FlyersRights iyakhuthazwa yingqwalasela efunekayo kakhulu iSebe lezoThutho (DOT) elinika ingozi yabakhweli ebangelwa kukungathembeki kweenqwelo-moya.
Ngelixa ukhuphiswano lusilela xa umkhweli ethenga itikiti lenqwelomoya, kudla ngokunqongophala ngakumbi xa bexinga okanye belibaziseke yinkampani yabo yenqwelomoya.
Umgangatho wenkonzo yeenqwelomoya kunye nokusebenza ngexesha lehle kakhulu. Iinkuthazo ezaneleyo zokuphucula inkonzo kunye nokusebenza azikho. Iinqwelomoya zifumene, ngelishwa, ukuba zihlawulela ukuba nenkonzo embi.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba imithetho yembuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwe-EU inciphise ukulibaziseka kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza ngexesha. Le mithetho ibe nefuthe elinamandla kwiimarike ezinokhuphiswano oluncinci. Imarike yenqwelo moya yase-US ayinalo ukhuphiswano, ngoko ke inkqubo efana ne-EU yokulibaziseka imbuyekezo iyafuneka. Ukuba iinqwelo-moya zigqiba ekubeni zingakhuphisani, kufuneka zikhuphisane newotshi.
Ngoku abakhweli bafunxa phantse wonke umonakalo ovela kwiimpazamo zenqwelo-moya, nokuba ziimpazamo zokucwangcisa, iimpazamo zoomatshini, iteknoloji neempazamo zekhompyutha, izigqibo zemali zokurhoxisa iinqwelo-moya, izigqibo zokungabhuki ngokutsha abakhweli kwinqwelomoya ekhoyo, okanye izigqibo zokungaboneleli ngoncedo kubakhweli abavalelekileyo.
Ukongeza kwisidingo esibonakalayo sembuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwendiza, i-DOT inegunya elaneleyo lomthetho lokubhengeza imigaqo malunga nayo.
I-FlyersRights ikholelwa ukuba ngoku lixesha lokubeka abakhweli kunye nokhuphiswano kuqala.
Njengoko i-DOT iqokelela ulwazi ngolindelo lomthetho ocetywayo, kufuneka yazi ukuba inokhetho oluninzi lokulibaziseka kwembuyekezo kunye nokubhukisha kwakhona. Nasiphi na isisombululo kufuneka senziwe ngokufanelekileyo:
- 1) khuthaza iinqwelomoya ukuba zisebenze kakuhle
- 2) khuthaza iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ekuziphatheni kakuhle ngokungafuni nokuxhaphaza
- ukungabhuki ngokutsha abakhweli kwinqwelomoya ekhoyo elandelayo, okanye izigqibo ezingezizo iikroba
- 3) ukwandisa ipesenti yabakhweli abafanelekileyo abafumana okufunekayo
- yekezo
- 4) ukunciphisa i-red tape ye-airline ebanzi kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha ekufumaneni imbuyekezo kunye
- 5) ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba ngomoya kunye nokuthembeka ukuze kuzuze uqoqosho lwase-US.
Ngezi njongo engqondweni, iFlyersRights iphakamisa inkqubo yembuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya yolibaziseko olulawulekayo (1) yonyusa imfuno yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukuze kuxhamle iinkampani zeenqwelomoya, (2) ikhuthaze ukusebenza ngexesha, ukubhukisha kwakhona, kunye nenyaniso ekucwangciseni, (3) ivuza iinqwelomoya ngokuthembeka okungcono kunye nenkonzo yabathengi, kunye (4) nokubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okulimaza iinkampani zeenqwelomoya.
Ngaphambili
I-United States ingaphandle ekubeni ingekabinayo imbuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya okanye umsebenzi wolawulo lokhathalelo. Ukulibaziseka imbuyekezo ngumgangatho kushishino lwezophapho. Abahambi abaya nokubuya kwiManyano yaseYurophu, eKhanada, nakuhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe (kuquka iinqwelomoya ezibandakanya iUnited States) sele benelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo yokulibaziseka ngenqwelomoya okanye umonakalo ngenxa yokulibaziseka.
Ngenxa yoko, iinqwelomoya zase-US zinolwazi oluphangaleleyo ekuboneleleni ngembuyekezo kunye nokhathalelo
abakhweli. Nangona kunjalo, aba bakhweli abafane bangabi ngamaMelika. Iinqwelomoya zase-US nazo zizazi kakuhle iziphumo zembuyekezo yokulibaziseka: ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha.
I-United States ayinayo imbuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya ngenxa yokuthandabuza kunye nemithintelo kwiCongress kunye nabalawuli bomdibaniso ukwenza uhambo lomoya lwase-US lube lukhulu okanye lube lukhulu kunakwamanye amazwe. Sifumanisa ukuba oku kusisiphumo semizamo ebanzi nexabisayo yokuphembelela ngabaphathi beenqwelo-moya abathe bafaka iingeniso kunye nokuthengwa kwesitokhwe kubakhweli, ukusebenza kunye nomgaqo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ezinye iinqwelomoya zase-US ziye zazisa ngokuzithandela iindlela zembuyekezo yokulibaziseka. I-Southwest Airlines, emva kokuwohloka kwayo kweKrisimesi ka-2022, ivumile ukubonelela ngeevawutsha ezingama-75 ubuncinane yeedola zolibaziseko olulawulekayo kunye nokurhoxiswa.
I-Alaska Airlines, i-Hawaiian Airlines, kunye ne-JetBlue Airways nazo zibonelela ngeevawutsha zekhredithi yenqwelomoya ngokulibaziseka okulawulekayo kunye nokurhoxiswa. Ezi nqwelo-moya ziye zayibona imfuneko yokubonelela ngohlobo oluthile lwembuyekezo kubakhweli bazo abavaleleke ngaphakathi ngelixa ngaxeshanye bebagcina aba bakhweli bevaleleke kwiinqwelo-moya zabo ukuze bahambe kwixesha elizayo.
Iinkuthazo azikho ukuze ezinye iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zikhuphisane nalo mkhweli uvalelekileyo. Kwiimeko zolibaziseko olulawulekayo okanye ukurhoxiswa, zonke iinqwelomoya eziphambili ezili-10 zase-US zibophelelekile ngokwekhontrakthi ukuba zibhukishe umkhweli kwinqwelomoya yazo elandelayo ekhoyo.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iinqwelomoya ngoku zizaliswe kufutshane nomthamo, oku kungathetha iiyure okanye iintsuku. Iinqwelomoya ezine azinaso naziphi na iziqinisekiso zokuphinda zibhukishe umkhweli kwinqwelo-moya eyahlukileyo, kwaye enye inqwelo moya ayiboneleli ngamanqanaba asisiseko okhathalelo olunje ngehotele okanye iivawutsha zothutho lwasemhlabeni okanye imbuyiselo.
Izifundo ezizimeleyo ziye zafumanisa ukuba imithetho yembuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwe-EU ye-EU inciphise ukulibaziseka kokufika kunye nokuhamba kwaye ifake ukhuphiswano ekusebenzeni kwiimarike ezingakhuphisananga. Ukuqonda okucothayo kodwa okuzinzileyo kolwazi lomthetho phakathi kwabakhweli kubone ukunyuka kwamaxabiso amabango, kunye nokuzimisela okwandisiweyo kunye nokukwazi ukuthobela iinkampani zeenqwelomoya kubone ukwanda kwenani labakhweli abafanelekileyo abafumana imbuyekezo efanelekileyo.3 Okunye
ixesha, ulwazi, kunye nokuthotyelwa kufuneka kuqhubeke ukukhulisa ezi nzuzo zokusebenza.
Ngeli xesha, iinqwelomoya ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba imithetho ayizange inyuse imali yokukhwela. Abanye bathi lo mgaqo ubanyanzele ukuba bangabi samaxabiso asekelwe kunikezelo kunye nemfuno (njengoko umntu elindele kwimarike ekhuphisanayo), kodwa endaweni yeendleko.
Ingxelo ye-EC Steer ifumanisa ukuba ezi nqwelomoya zamva ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthetha inyani. Ukugqithiswa kweendleko zolawulo kubonakala kungengomcimbi wokuba baya kwenza okanye abayi kwenza njalo; kunoko, ngumbandela wokuba banako okanye abanako. Ingxelo ye-EC Steer ifumene ukuba iinqwelo-moya zinokuthi zigqithise iindleko (ngenxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo) kwiimarike ezingenakukhuphisana kwaye ziyakwazi ukufaka iindleko zangaphakathi kwiimarike ezikhuphisanayo.
Ingxelo ye-EC Steer iqikelela ukuba ixabiso le-Regulation 261 laliphakathi kwe-$ 2.50 kunye ne-$ 5.45 ngomgibeli ngamnye. 7 Amabango angafanelekanga, okanye amabango apho ukufundwa okuphosakeleyo komkhweli kuMgaqo we-261 kubakhuthaza ukuba bangenise ibango, "kunokuvelisa umthwalo wokucubungula kunye nokulawula. Nangona kunjalo, abaqhubi iindleko zenqwelomoya ukubonelela ngembuyekezo.
Enye yeenzuzo zoMmiselo wama-261 kukuba ukulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya kuncipha ngemizuzu emi-4 ukuya kwemi-5 kwaye ukusebenza kwangexesha kunyuka nge-5%.9 Iinzuzo zibonakala ngakumbi kwiimarike ezinokhuphiswano oluncinane.
Ired tape ebanzi yenkampani yeenqwelomoya idale ishishini leengcaphephe zamabango eqela lesithathu ezisebenza ngemirhumo enokuvela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-44% yemali yembuyekezo yokulibaziseka.
Ngelixa intlawulo kubakhweli okanye abantu besithathu benza umsebenzi wokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano lwemarike, umthetho kufuneka uqulunqwe ukuze kwandiswe isixa sokulibaziseka kwembuyekezo eya ngqo kubakhweli. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokwenza umgaqo ube lula ngokusemandleni kunye nokuthintela iinqwelo-moya ekubekeni iteyiphu ebomvu eneendleko okanye ukongeza iindleko, ubunzima, nokungaqiniseki ngokulibaziseka nokukhanyela amaqhinga. Kwimbuyekezo ye-EU 261, iinqwelomoya zenza abakhweli banyathele phezu kwemiqobo emininzi kwaye balinde ixesha elide, rhoqo ngaphandle kokuvuma.
Ubunzima obuninzi be-EU abunakusebenza eMelika
Ezona zigxeko zinamandla ze-EU 261 bunzima obungayi kubakho e-United States. Abagxeki be-EU 261 bathi inengxaki "[u]kumanqanaba angenawo onyanzeliso olusebenzayo kuwo wonke amaZwe angamaLungu."13 Ummiselo wase-US awunakubonisa ingxaki efanayo. I-DOT iya kuba kuphela kwegunya elijongene nokuthotyelwa kweenqwelo-moya kunye nemimiselo yembuyekezo yokulibaziseka.
Kwi-EU, abakhweli banokujikela kwiindlela zokunyanzeliswa kwabucala okanye ezinye iindlela zokukhusela abathengi. Kuhambo lwenqwelomoya lwase-US, ezo azikho nje. Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ziye zaqaphela imingeni yokujongana nezibheno zenkundla kumazwe angamalungu amaninzi nangeelwimi ezininzi. Ezi ndleko nazo bezingayi kubakho eUnited States.
I-ICAO Core Principles on Consumer Protection
I-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), i-arhente yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ipapasha "ICAO Core Principles on Consumer Protection. Oku kujongwe njengesikhokelo kumazwe.
Imigaqo iyaqaphela ukuba "ukhuseleko kunye nokuphuculwa kwamalungelo abakhweli beenqwelomoya kuzuze ukubaluleka okukhulu" emva kokukhululwa kweemarike.
Le migaqo iquka ukwazisa abakhweli rhoqo ngeemeko ezikhethekileyo ezichaphazela inqwelo-moya yabo, ukwazisa abakhweli ngamalungelo abo asemthethweni nawesivumelwano, ukuqinisekisa ngeenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokusingatha izikhalazo, nokufumana inyameko efanelekileyo kwiimeko zokuphazamiseka kwenqwelo-moya, kuquka ukubuyisela umzila, ukubuyiselwa imali, ukunyamekela kunye nembuyekezo. Imbuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya kunye nomsebenzi womthetho wokhathalelo uya kuzalisekisa lo mgangatho.
Ukwenzakala kubakhweli
Inombolo yokuqala yesikhalazo somthengi kukulibaziseka kwendiza kunye nokuphazamiseka. Abakhweli bajamelene noluhlu olude lweengozi, kuquka (1) ukuthenga enye indlela (kunye neendleko ezingaphezulu) zokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa lixesha lomsebenzi, ukulahlekelwa yiendleko ezingabuyiswayo, njengeehotele, nokuphoswa kwamathuba, njengemitshato neenkomfa zamashishini. Kwi-2009, ukulibaziseka kubiza abakhweli i-16.7 yezigidigidi zeedola.17 I-AirHelp iqikelela ixabiso eliphakathi lokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya lingaphezulu kwe-370 yeedola ngomkhweli ngamnye eYurophu.
IiNzuzo zePro-uKhuphiswano
Kwifayile ye-2024 ye-10-Q, i-American Airlines yathi, "Umgaqo ngamnye owongezelelweyo okanye enye indlela yokulawula yokwandisa iindleko kwaye yongeza ubunzima obukhulu kwimisebenzi ye-airline kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, inokunciphisa imfuno yokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya. ukurhoxiswa, kunye nokuxinana.
Ukulibaziseka kwembuyekezo kunye nemimiselo yokubuyisela umzila kuya kwandisa ukhuphiswano kwindawo apho ukhuphiswano lwenqwelomoya lusezantsi kakhulu: xa umkhweli evalelwe kwinkampani yenqwelomoya kwixabiso lemarike ekuvunyelwene ngalo kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga kwangaphambili, ngelixa i-airline ikhupha naluphi na uxanduva lokuthobela ishedyuli, umzila, umgangatho wenkonzo, okanye nayiphi na enye imbopheleleko xa amatikiti okhuphisanayo exabisa amaxesha angama-3-4 ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo.
Ukuba inkampani yeenqwelomoya inganiki tikiti kwinqwelomoya ekhoyo elandelayo simahla okanye ukuhlawulela iindleko zokuthenga enye inqwelomoya luhambo olungafanelekanga. Ukurhoxisa inqwelomoya ngezizathu zoqoqosho inokuba sisenzo esingafanelekanga.
Ukufihla le migaqo kwikhontrakthi yokucofa kukukhohlisa kwaye kwenza isivumelwano sobuqhetseba xa inqwelomoya ikhupha nayiphi na imbopheleleko yayo yekontraka.
Xa inkampani yenqwelomoya, endaweni yomkhweli, kufuneka ithenge enye inqwelomoya yokukhwela inqwelo moya enyuke kakhulu, iinqwelomoya ezihambelana neshedyuli yazo kwaye zicutha ukulibaziseka kunye nokwenzakala komkhweli ziya kuvuzwa, kwaye iinqwelomoya ezisebenza kakubi kakhulu ziya kohlwaywa. Le ndlela yenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo kwiimarike.
Ixabiso eliseleyo kwishishini ngu-zero, kwaye ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuya kusebenza ngakumbi kwaye kuthembekile. Imbuyekezo ayizokuphela nje ukulibazisa ukwazisa ukhuphiswano kwimarike apho kungekho khuphiswano lukhoyo ngoku, umthetho uya kwandisa imfuno yokuhamba ngomoya ngokubanzi kunye nokudibanisa iinqwelomoya kwiinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo. Inkuthazo yangoku inyanzela abathengi ukuba bathenge iinqwelomoya eziqhagamshelayo kwinqwelomoya enye kuba iinqwelomoya ziya kuphinda zibhukishe umkhweli kwimeko yokulibaziseka kwinqwelomoya yokuqala.
Abathengi abaninzi bayakuphepha ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokupheleleyo, endaweni yoko bakhethe ezinye iindlela zokuhamba okanye ezinye izicwangciso zokuhamba. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zigqibo zenziwa ngenxa yeeshedyuli ezingathembekanga kunye nomthwalo wemali wokulibaziseka okanye ukurhoxiswa okubangelwa yinqwelomoya.
Imarike yaseYurophu inenkqubo kaloliwe enesantya esiphezulu kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neMelika.
