Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba iminyaka ye-Covid ibingelula kwabo basebenza kukhuseleko lokhenketho. E-United States, nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi amapolisa awazange abandezeleke kuphela kukoyika ukugula kwabo, okanye abo babathandayo, kodwa nakwiGeorge Floyd syndrome. Le yayiyiminyaka apho oosopolitiki abashiyekileyo babhengeza imfazwe kunyanzeliso lomthetho kwaye bafuna ukurhoxiswa kwamapolisa kunye nokubhangiswa kwawo. Ubhubhani we-Covid-19 uqhube ngokusemthethweni iminyaka emithathu. Ngexesha lale minyaka ishishini lezokhenketho libanga ukuba lifunde lukhulu ngokubaluleka kwesiqinisekiso sokhenketho. Umbuzo ekufuneka ubuzwe ngulo: ngaba ishishini lizifundile ezi zifundo okanye ngaba ukhenketho kunye neshishini lokuhamba libuyele kwiingqikelelo kunye neempazamo zalo zangaphambi kweCovid? Ukujonga emva kuloo minyaka, nangona kunjalo, iinkokeli zeshishini kufuneka zizibuze ukuba zeziphi izifundo abazifundileyo. Uphononongo lwangoku lwesincoko aluzisi kuphela imbonakalo ebalulekileyo yeziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide ze-COVID-19 kushishino lokhenketho kodwa kunye nekamva layo kunye nemingeni kwiminyaka ezayo.
Xa iinkokeli zokhenketho kunye nabaphengululi bejonga emva kwiminyaka ye-Covid-19 kunye nexesha elikhawulezayo leCovid-1859 amazwi kaCharles Dickens wemigca yokuvula kwiTale of Two Cites (19) anokuthi qatha engqondweni: “Yayingawona maxesha alungileyo, yayilelona xesha libi kakhulu, yayilixesha lobulumko, yayilixesha lobudenge, yayilixesha lokukholelwa, yayilixesha lenkolelo. Ukukhanya, yayilixesha lobumnyama, yayiyintwasahlobo yethemba, yayibubusika bokuphelelwa lithemba, sasinayo yonke into phambi kwethu, sasingenanto phambi kwethu, sonke sasisiya ngqo ezulwini, sonke sasihamba ngqo ngenye indlela - ngokufutshane, ixesha lalikude njengexesha langoku, kangangokuba abanye abasemagunyeni banengxolo banyanzelisa ukuba yamkelwe, ngokulungileyo okanye okubi, ngeqondo eliphezulu kuphela. Ukuba ixesha le-Covid-19 yayilelona xesha libi kakhulu, i-boom yokhenketho eyalandelayo kwabaninzi kushishino lokhenketho ibe lelona xesha lilungileyo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-Covid okanye umnqweno wokuphinda uhambe kwakhona, emva kobhubhani we-Covid-19, ukhenketho luye lwaphumelela kunanini na ngaphambili. Ngoku kwihlabathi lasemva kwe-Covid-2022, ishishini lokhenketho lijongene nemiba emitsha efana nokhenketho olugqithileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwabantu ngerobhothi. Iinqwelomoya ezipakishweyo kunye neendlela, kunye neelwandle ezixineneyo, iindawo zokutyela kunye neehotele zivelise imiceli mngeni emitsha kunye nezoyikiso kwimpilo yexesha elide kunye nozinzo lweshishini lokhenketho. Umzi-mveliso kwiminyaka nje embalwa edluleyo wasuka kwi-bust ukuya kwi-boom, kwaye izihlalo zeenqwelomoya ezingenanto zaba ziinqwelomoya ezigcweleyo. Iminyaka yobhubhane kushishino lwezokhenketho lwehlabathi yayiyoyikeka. Umzekelo ngo-XNUMX, isifundiswa sezokhenketho saseTshayina u-Xiufang Jiang kunye noogxa bakhe babhala:
"Mhlawumbi akukho msitho kukhenketho lwangoku oye waba (kwaye usaqhubeka) nefuthe elibaluleke ngakumbi kumnqweno wokuhamba, umngcipheko wokuhamba, kunye neshishini lokwamkela iindwendwe ngokubanzi kunokuqhambuka kuka-2020 kunye nokusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 kwihlabathi liphela."
Ngaphandle kweenqwelomoya ezigcweleyo kunye neehotele ngeendlela ezininzi ishishini lokhenketho lisaziva iziphumo zobhubhani we-Covid-19. Ngoku kweli lizwe lasemva kwe-Covid-19, umbuzo ekufuneka iinkokeli zeshishini ziwubuze asiyondlela i-Covid-19 eluchaphazele ngayo ukhenketho kodwa zeziphi izifundo ezifundwe ngumzi wokhenketho kunye nokhenketho kubhubhani we-Covid-19? Ukhenketho lungayiqinisekisa njani imeko-bume ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo kwihlabathi elisoloko litshintsha? Ngexesha le-Covid-19 iinkokeli zokhenketho kunye nabafundi babenexesha lokwenza umsebenzi onzima wokufunda? Umbuzo ngowokuba, asikuko oko bakufundayo, kodwa yintoni abayifundayo, yaye ngaba izifundo zeli xesha lobumnyama zaba lukhokelo lwekamva? Umzekelo, ubhubhani wehlabathi jikelele we-Covid-19 ubonise ukuba xa kukho ukunqongophala kokhuseleko, okanye kucingelwa ukuba akukho khuseleko, amashishini okhenketho atsala nzima, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima iindawo zawo zinokufa. Ngenxa yokoyika izifo kwiimeko ezininzi abantu bayeka ukuhamba. Ngexesha leminyaka ye-Covid iihotele, iinqwelomoya kunye neeresityu zithathe amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa amava okuhamba okunempilo. Kwakunjalo nangee-arhente zokhuseleko lokhenketho, ezifana namagosa okhuseleko loluntu (amapolisa) kunye neefemu zabucala zokhuseleko.
Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci okuba iminyaka ye-Covid ibingelula kwabo basebenza kukhuseleko lokhenketho. E-United States, nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi amapolisa awazange abandezeleke kuphela kukoyika ukugula kwabo, okanye abo babathandayo, kodwa nakwiGeorge Floyd syndrome. Le yayiyiminyaka apho oosopolitiki abashiyekileyo babhengeza imfazwe kunyanzeliso lomthetho kwaye bafuna ukurhoxiswa kwamapolisa kunye nokubhangiswa kwawo.
Isiphumo sokugqibela sibe kukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihluphekayo kunye nengqondo yamapolisa. Namhlanje amasebe amapolisa kwihlabathi liphela athwaxwa kukunqongophala kwamandla ngamadoda/abafazi, uninzi lwayo lunokulandelelwa emva kwintetho yezopolitiko eshiyekileyo yaloo minyaka yobhubhane.
Ubhubhani wehlabathi lonke waqala ngo-2020 kwaye waqhubeka ngo-2023. Lo bhubhani ubonise ukubaluleka kwayo yonke imiba yesiqinisekiso sokhenketho, ukusuka kwimiba yokhuselo nokhuseleko ukuya kwimiba yezonyango nempilo. Lo bhubhani ukwabethelele ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani iimbono. Ishishini lifunde kwakhona ukuba abatyeleli bahlala besekela izigqibo zabo zohambo kungekuphela nje kwiinyani ezinzima kodwa nakwindlela abaziqonda ngayo kunye neemvakalelo zezo zibakala.
Ubhubhani we-Covid-19 uqhube ngokusemthethweni iminyaka emithathu. Ngexesha lale minyaka ishishini lezokhenketho libanga ukuba lifunde lukhulu ngokubaluleka kwesiqinisekiso sokhenketho. Umbuzo ekufuneka ubuzwe ngulo: ngaba ishishini lizifundile ezi zifundo okanye ngaba ukhenketho kunye neshishini lokuhamba libuyele kwiingqikelelo kunye neempazamo zalo zangaphambi kweCovid? Ukujonga emva kuloo minyaka, nangona kunjalo, iinkokeli zeshishini kufuneka zizibuze ukuba zeziphi izifundo abazifundileyo.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iinkokeli zeshishini lezokhenketho kudala zibanga ukuba ukhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabatyeleli yeyona nto iphambili kubo, amaxesha amaninzi la mabango ebengamazwi angenanto. Uphononongo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwequmrhu leendwendwe okanye isebe lezokhenketho lutyhila ukuba isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sifumana inkxaso yemali encinci kunezinye iinxalenye zeshishini lokhenketho elifana namaphulo entengiso. Uninzi lweengcali zezokhenketho zithatha indawo yokuba iphulo lokuthengisa elilungileyo linokuhlawulela iingxaki zokhuseleko okanye iintsilelo, kwaye rhoqo kucingelwa ukuba ishishini liya kujongana neentlekele kwimeko nganye. Ngexesha lobhubhani weminyaka ukhenketho kunye neshishini labatyeleli ligxininise ukubaluleka kwayo yonke imiba yesiqinisekiso sokhenketho, kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, ukuzibophelela kweshishini kungqineke kungenabunyani kunokwenyani. Ubukhulu becala ushishino lwezokhenketho lusathwaxwa yingcinga yokuba urhwebo olulungileyo alutshintshi nje kuphela iimbono zenyaniso kodwa nenyaniso ngokwayo. I-IMS Technology iyayigxininisa le ngcamango xa sifunda kwiwebhusayithi yayo: "Mntu ngamnye unombono wakhe wokwenyani. Intsingiselo yeyokuba ngenxa yokuba ngamnye wethu uqonda ihlabathi ngeliso lakhe, inyaniso ngokwayo iyatshintsha ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
I-Tourism Surety
Njengoko kuphawuliwe, ilizwe lasemva kobhubhani lafunda ukubaluleka kwengqikelelo yokhenketho njengoko yahluliwe kukhuseleko lokhenketho. Singachaza isiqinisekiso sokhenketho njengendawo apho ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko, impilo yoluntu, uqoqosho kunye nodumo ludibana khona. Ngokwembono yoshishino lokhenketho akukho mahluko (okanye mncinane) phakathi kwemiba yokhuseleko nemiba yokhuseleko. Izenzo ezipapashiweyo kakuhle ezonakalisa okanye zitshabalalise ubomi bomhlaza wentlalo odla isiseko sezoqoqosho kunye nodumo lwendawo. Ishishini lokuhamba kunye neendwendwe azikho sesichengeni kuzo zombini iindlela ezifihlakeleyo nezicacileyo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nobunqolobi, kodwa nakwimiba yokhuseleko lwendalo (impilo). I-Biosecurity igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko ukusuka kwizifo kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa ukuya kumanzi acocekileyo, ukusuka kwizifo ezosulelayo ukuya kuhlaselo lwezinto eziphilayo kunye noogqirha abaqeqeshelwa ukuphatha uhlaselo lwe-biochemical. Njengoko ukhenketho kunye neshishini lokuhamba liqhubeka likhula, le miba ye-biosecurity iya kuthatha indima ebaluleke ngakumbi. Phambi kobhubhani we-Covid-19 kwakucingwa ukuba yimpazamo yokubhidanisa ulwaphulo-mthetho nobunqolobi. Izaphuli-mthetho zezokhenketho zamandulo ezinje ngepokotho zifuna ishishini lokhenketho litsale iindwendwe ukuze libe namaxhoba asele elungile. Abanqolobi bamandulo babefuna ukutshabalalisa uqoqosho nokudala intlupheko yaye ngaloo ndlela babona ishishini lokhenketho njengotshaba lwabo. Ke, ngokwesiko ishishini “lolwaphulo-mthetho”, elinjengabaphangi namaqola, lifuna ukuba ishishini lokhenketho liphumelele. La malungu olwaphulo-mthetho anobudlelwane obungenasiphelo kunye nokhenketho. Ishishini leendwendwe libonelela “ngezinto ezingasetyenziswanga” ezivumela izaphuli-mthetho ukuba “zifumane” ubomi bazo. Abanqolobi abafuni budlelwane obungalawulekiyo kunye neshishini lezokhenketho kodwa bafuna ukutshabalalisa ezona zinto ziphambili kukhenketho. Yinjongo yabo ukutshabalalisa ishishini lokhenketho lesizwe kwaye ngaloo ndlela baqhubele phambili kwindlela esa kubuhlwempu bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwembono yeshishini lokutyhefwa kokutya kunye nokuqhushumba, imiba yokhuseleko kunye nesiqinisekiso (i-S&S) iyadityaniswa kwaye iyakwazi ukuguqula iholide yamaphupha ibe liphupha elibi. Kwihlabathi le-Covid-19 ngokunyuka kwentengiso yeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezinje nge-fentanyl kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kokurhweba ngabantu kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kunye nokhenketho, iyantlukwano phakathi kolwaphulo-mthetho nobunqolobi iye yaba yinto edlulanayo.
Ukongeza, ubhubhani we-Covid-19 wazisa kungekuphela nje into entsha yokungaqiniseki kwihlabathi lezokhenketho kodwa kunye nesigama esitsha esibandakanya amagama afana ne-biosecurity. Ngaphaya koko, nangona imibutho efana noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kunye neZiko leZifo lase-United States lalibhengeze ngo-2023 ukuba isiphelo esisemthethweni sesi sifo sifikile, intsholongwane isekhona kwaye isoyikiso sokubuya kobhubhani we-Covid, okanye omnye ubhubhane, awukapheli. Ngaphambi kobhubhani we-Covid-19, kwaye ngoku emva kwexesha le-Covid-19, sibona ukubaluleka kokuqonda isiqinisekiso sokhenketho (njengoko sahluliwe kukhuseleko lokhenketho) kunye nophuhliso lweeyunithi ze-TOPPs (iiNkonzo zoKhenketho eziJongene nobuPolisa kunye noKhuseleko). Igama elithi isiqinisekiso, ebolekwa kwishishini le-inshorensi, yindawo apho ukhuseleko, isibambiso, isidima kunye nokuba nempumelelo kwezoqoqosho.
Isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sisekelwe kwimigaqo emibini esisiseko. Zezi:
- Kwiimeko ezininzi ukuhamba kwenziwa ngokuzithandela kwaye kunokuncitshiswa okanye kurhoxiswe ngesaziso somzuzwana.
- Abahambi abasayi kwiindawo ezingakhuselekanga okanye abacinga ukuba azikhuselekanga.
Yile migaqo mibini isisiseko ebonelela ngesiseko soqinisekiso lokhenketho kunye nonxibelelwano lwabo lubonakaliswe kwigrafu engezantsi.
Isiqinisekiso sokhenketho ngokwesiqhelo sifuna ukukhusela imimandla esixhenxe eyahlukeneyo yoshishino lokhenketho. Ezi ndawo zihlukeneyo zezi:
Iindwendwe kwindawo
Ukhuseleko lwabatyeleli lunzima kakhulu kunokuba lubonakala ekuqaleni. Ayizizo zonke iindwendwe ezilungileyo. Abanye abantu batyelela ngenxa yezizathu ezimbi kwaye bafuna ukwenzakalisa abanye. Ukongeza, kwihlabathi lokurhweba ngabantu kunye nesini ezinye iindwendwe azikho kwindawo yazo ngokuthanda kwazo. Kucingelwa ukuba undwendwe lukho ngokuthanda kwalo yaye ngenxa yezizathu ezifanelekileyo, iindwendwe ziyahluka kubantu basekuhlaleni kuba ngokufuthi zisenza izinto ebezingenakuzenza ekhaya okanye ziphathe ngendlela engekho ngqiqweni. Njengoko isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sifuna ukukhusela umtyeleli/umkhenkethi kwiqela labantu abahlukeneyo kuquka abahlali, abanye abatyeleli, abasebenzi abanganyanisekanga okanye amagcisa angaphakathi kushishino, kunye nogrogriso kwimpilo yabatyeleli okanye yomhambi. Iingcali eziqinisekisa ukhenketho ziyaqonda ukuba ayizizo zonke iindwendwe ezilungileyo. Ngelishwa, kukwakho abantu abahamba besiya kwezinye iindawo ngokukodwa ukuze babe ngamaxhoba abamsulwa. Imizekelo yondwendwe olunolwaphulo-mthetho lubandakanya abathwali abahamba ukusuka kwisiganeko ukuya kwesinye okanye ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Abaphuli-mthetho abanjalo bahamba njengabakhenkethi kodwa beza kwindawo ekusingwa kuyo ngokukodwa abanye abakhenkethi. Ngendlela efanayo kukho imfuneko yokukhusela umtyeleli/umhambi kubantu abanganyanisekanga abasebenza kwishishini ngokwalo. I-Covid-19 ibonise ishishini indlela ebaluleke ngayo ucoceko kunye nezilumkiso ngokuchasene nezigulo kunye nosulelo. Ababoneleli ngezohambo abangakwaziyo ukubonelela ngenkonzo ecocekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo abagcini nje ngokubeka ishishini labo emngciphekweni kodwa nalo lonke ishishini.
Abasebenzi abaqeshwe kushishino lwezokhenketho
Iinkqubo zesiqinisekiso sokhenketho zisebenza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzi abasebenza ezihotele, kwiindawo zokutyela, kwiinqanawe nakwiinqwelo-moya, njalo njalo. Le nkcazo ayithethi ukuba umsebenzi ngamnye kufuneka abe yingcaphephe yokuzikhusela, kodwa ithetha ukuba isicwangciso sokukhusela ukhenketho kufuneka sibekho ngalo lonke ixesha abantu besebenza. Iinkqubo zesiqinisekiso sokhenketho zisebenza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abasebenzi abasebenza ezihotele, kwiindawo zokutyela, kwiinqanawe nakwiinqwelo-moya, njalo njalo. Ukongeza, abasebenzi beshishini lezokhenketho bangabaphambili ekuchongeni okanye ekukhuseleni ukurhweba ngabantu okanye ekuchongeni isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho esinokubakho okanye sobunqolobi.
Ubume bendawo yendawo kunye neeasethi zenkcubeko
Olu luhlu lubandakanya yonke into ukusuka kwi-ecology yendawo ukuya kwiziqinisekiso esizinika iindwendwe zethu ukuba amanzi abawasebenzisayo okanye ukutya abakutyayo akuyi kubagulisa. Ishishini lezokhenketho alinakulibala ukuba amava ohambo lwabatyeleli anokonakala ngokulula kukutya okungcolisekileyo njengoko kunokonakaliswa sisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho. Iiarhente eziqinisekisa ukhenketho kufuneka zisebenze namaqela enkcubeko asekuhlaleni ukukhusela la maqela okanye amaziko enkcubeko. Bamele bancede ekudaleni ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokufikeleleka kunye nencasa eyodwa okanye iinkcubeko zengingqi. Umzekelo weGor, iziqithi zase-Ecuador zeGalapagos zinokugcwala kakhulu ngabakhenkethi kangangokuba isizathu sokutyelela ezi ziqithi asisekho. Iingcali eziqinisekisa ukhenketho kufuneka zisebenze ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba iindawo ezihlala kuzo zihlala zicocekile kwaye azikhathazwa lukhenketho olugqithisayo olukhokelela ekubeni iindawo ezihlala kuzo zibe ngamabhodlo okanye zitshatyalaliswe.
Indawo yendawo/isityalo somzimba
Abakhenkethi bahlala bexhaphaza iisayithi zengingqi, nokuba ezi ndawo zinomtsalane, iimyuziyam okanye iihotele. Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhenketho ivavanya okusingqongileyo okubonakalayo kwaye ithelekise nohlobo londwendwe olusebenzisa isiza. Iimfuno zokhuseleko lwesiza zinokutshintsha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. Umzekelo, uluntu lwaselwandle lunokutsala abafundi abaninzi abancinci beekholeji ngexesha lekhefu lasentwasahlobo kodwa batshintshele kwiiholide ezijoliswe kusapho ngamanye amaxesha onyaka.
Ukukhusela indawo ekuyiwa kuyo kumngcipheko kunye nokumangalelana okunokwenzeka
Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhenketho ayibandakanyi kuphela isiqinisekiso kunye nemiba yokhuseleko, kodwa ikwafuna ukulawula umngcipheko. Kwishishini lezokhenketho, ulawulo lomngcipheko ngumba obalulekileyo wokhuseleko noqinisekiso lokhenketho. Ukuthintela isiganeko esibi kubaluleke ngaphezu kokuchacha kwisehlo kwaye kunokunqanda ukumangalelwa okubiza imali eninzi kunye neentlawulo zamagqwetha. Abaphathi abaqinisekisa ukhenketho kufuneka nabo baqeqeshe abasebenzi ukuze bangatyholwa ngezenzo ezingafanelekanga okanye izinto ezinokubonisa kakubi ishishini lokhenketho okanye indawo.
Isidima sendawo
Okunxulumene ngokusondeleyo necala elisemthethweni lesoyikiso sisiqinisekiso sodumo. Kungathatha iminyaka kunye nezigidi zeerandi ukubuyisela ukuzithemba kuluntu emva kolwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu, intlekele yezempilo okanye ingxaki yokusingqongileyo. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ingcali yezokhenketho kunye neshishini labatyeleli ayinikezi nto ngaphandle kwenkonzo yomlomo kwinkqubo elungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhenketho. Ulawulo olululo lwengozi yokhenketho lufundisa ukuba kubiza kancinci kakhulu ukuthintela intlekele kunokubuyisela umntu, amashishini okanye isidima sendawo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweendwendwe kwilizwe elitsha le-post-Covid lokhenketho
Kwilizwe le-post-Covid ukhuseleko lwabakhenkethi kufuneka lugxile kungekuphela nje kwizoyikiso zomzimba ezinje ngokuphanga okanye izenzo zobunqolobi kodwa kunye nemingcipheko yezempilo. Abasebenzi abakumashishini okhenketho afana neehotele kunye neeresityu bakwangabantu abasesichengeni ekufuneka basebenze kwindawo apho izigulo zisisisongelo kuyo yonke indawo. Kukwanjalo nangee-arhente eziqinisekisa ukhenketho. Ngaphaya koko, aba bantu abajongani nemicimbi yabo yezempilo kuphela kodwa nokuba banokudlulisela le miba kumalungu entsapho yabo okanye bazise isigulo sosapho emsebenzini.
Le mingeni ichaphazela yonke inkalo yokhenketho kunye neshishini lokuhamba ukusuka: kwishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukuya kwishishini leehotele nelevenkile yokutyela, ukusuka kwiindawo ezinomtsalane kukhenketho ukuya kwindibano kunye neshishini lendibano. Ilizwe le-post-Covid libonisa ukubaluleka kokufunda kweshishini lezokhenketho ukusebenzisana namashishini ezonyango kunye nezempilo kunye nendlela adibana ngayo la mashishini mabini abonakala ngathi ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iMaine Tourism Association iphawula indlela elinokufundwa ngayo icandelo lezempilo kukhenketho xa lisithi: “Imigaqo yokubuk’ iindwendwe, enjengokunikela ingqalelo, uvelwano, nokusabela, inokusetyenziswa kumaziko okunyamekela impilo ukuze umguli abe nolwazi olungakumbi nokuphilisa. IGrisi yaseGrisi iMalvasia Health Care System iphawula ukuba “uMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho lweHlabathi (2015) uyayiqonda into yokuba ukhenketho lunokuba negalelo kwimpilo nakwintlalontle ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezingangqalanga kubandakanywa nokubuyisela imali kwingeniso eyenziweyo yezokhenketho kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene nempilo. koko kukhanya.”
Ukufana phakathi kweyeza nokhenketho nako kukwabalulekile ngokubhekiselele kwisiqinisekiso sokhenketho. Kukho ezinye izinto ezifanayo phakathi kweyeza kunye nokhuseleko lokhenketho. Kanye njengoko kwiingcali eziqinisekisa ukhenketho kwezamayeza kufuneka kuqala zenze uxilongo kwaye kanye njengakwimeko yezamayeza, naluphi na uhlobo lokhuseleko lokhenketho kwaye ngakumbi isiqinisekiso sokhenketho bubugcisa obuninzi njengesayensi. Umba ngamnye woqinisekiso lokhenketho unokubonwa ngokuqhubekekayo okususela kungekuphela nje kulwazi nezakhono zengcali kodwa nakwithuku nengqiqo okanye imvakalelo. Oku kufana kuxhaphakile kuwo wonke ummandla wokhuseleko kodwa kuyinyani ngakumbi kwisiqinisekiso sokhenketho apho ukhuseleko kufuneka luxutywe nenkonzo yabathengi kunye nengqalelo kwiimvakalelo zondwendwe. Njengoko yahlulwe kwezinye iindlela zokhuseleko ingcaphephe yezokhenketho, ibe yeyoluntu okanye yabucala, kufuneka ijongane nemingeni eyongezelelweyo. Phakathi kwazo kukho:
- Imbono yokuqinisekisa kufuneka igcinwe kwishishini elithengisa umlingo kunye nobugqi. Ishishini lezokhenketho alikwazi ukumelana naso nasiphi na isenzo sobundlobongela esitshabalalisa inkangeleko yendawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiqinisekiso sokhenketho kufuneka sipakishwe ngendlela eqinisekisa uluntu ukuba lukhuselekile kodwa kwangaxeshanye lungabangeli uloyiko loluntu.
- Isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sinokuba luncedo olukhulu ekuthengisweni kwemveliso yokhenketho kodwa kufuneka senziwe ukuze sibe yinxalenye yephulo lokuthengisa ngokubanzi kunokuba silijongele phantsi elo phulo.
- Isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sifuna inzame yentsebenziswano. Kwilizwe lesiqinisekiso sokhenketho akukho sithuba sokukhuphisana kwamaziko ahlukeneyo okanye ukwala ukusebenzisana. Abatyeleli banelungelo lokulindela amava eholide akhuselekileyo nakhuselekileyo.
- Isiqinisekiso sokhenketho sifuna ukuthembeka. Ukuthi indawo ikhuselekile okanye ukudlala ngamanani kwixesha elide kutshabalalisa ukuthembeka kwendawo kwaye abatyeleli baye bayeke ukukholelwa oko bakuxelelwayo. Amagosa oKhenketho kufuneka athethe inyani kwaye abe nedatha yokuxhasa iinkcazo zabo. Ukuba inyaniso ibuhlungu ke isisombululo kukutyalomali ekulungiseni ingxaki kunokufihla ingxaki.
- Amagosa ezokhenketho kufuneka alwe amadabi alo nyaka hayi alonyaka ophelileyo. Ngokufuthi amagosa ezokhenketho aphazanyiswa ziingxaki zeminyaka edluleyo kangangokuba akakwazi ukuphawula ingxaki entsha ezayo. Iingcali eziqinisekisa ukhenketho kufuneka ziqaphele ixesha elidlulileyo kodwa hayi amabanjwa kulo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kwindawo ethile amagosa afumanisa ukuba izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokubiwa kwezazisi zithabathel’ indawo izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho oluphazamisayo, ngoko ke amagosa kufuneka ayiqaphele le meko intsha aze athabathe amanyathelo okukhusela uluntu oluhambahambayo.
- Imizi-mveliso yezoKhenketho ekhethe ukungahoyi isiqinisekiso sokhenketho azivulelanga ilahleko yemali kuphela kodwa kumatyala amakhulu kunye nemiba yoxanduva.
- Abaqeqeshi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle abaqinisekisa ukhenketho bongeza elona nqanaba lisezantsi kunokuba basuse kulo, kwaye ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo banokongeza inqanaba elitsha lentengiso kwimveliso yokhenketho.
Ilizwe lezokhenketho le-post-Covid likwaphakamisa umbuzo wohlalutyo lobungakanani kwaye luphawu lokutshintshwa konxibelelwano lwabantu kunye nomntu kwirobhothi okanye unxibelelwano lobukrelekrele bokwenziwa. Ngaba kufuneka sijonge ishishini ngenqanaba elikhulu lohlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani okanye ngaba ukhenketho lugxile ngakumbi kwinqanaba lomntu kunye nelomncinci lohlalutyo? Ngaba ugxininiso lwempilo nokhenketho lukhokelele ekubeni abantu bangabinabuntu? Umzekelo, imboni yezokhenketho kwiminyaka ka-2020 kunye no-2021 yachazwa linani lamatyala e-Covid okanye ukusweleka kunye nezixa zemali ezilahlekileyo kushishino. Ngoku emva kwexesha le-Covid ishishini lokhenketho kuya kufuneka lithathe isigqibo sokuba libeka ugxininiso lwalo kumntu ngamnye kunye nenkonzo yabathengi, okanye kuhlalutyo oluncinci lobuqu ngamanani. Ukongeza kule ngxaki, ubhubhani we-Covid-19 kunye nexesha lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kubangele ukuba ishishini lezokhenketho lihambe kuzo zonke iimeko ezininzi kunxibelelwano lwabantu kwaye endaweni yabantu indawo yomatshini werobhothi okanye i-AI. Ukuba uhambo kunye nokhenketho malunga namava obuqu, ukukhangela inkumbulo ke ingaba le minyaka mitsha yerobhothi, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokucwangciswa kobungakanani kuthoba ubuntu kwishishini lezokhenketho? Owayesakuba nguNobhala Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo uBan Ki-moon walumkisa “ngengxaki yamanani” (efuzisela unxibelelwano olungelulo olwabantu) xa wathi ngo-2016: “Sonke siyaqonda ukuba abantu abanakuze bancitshiswe babe ngamanani nje, kwangaxeshanye, amanani abalulekile ukuze kulandelwe inkqubela. UBan Ki-moon waqaphela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba abantu bangaphezulu kweesimboli zamanani ezinokulinganiswa. Yintoni ebinokuba sisisongelo kukhenketho ngo-2016 ibe yinyani kukhenketho lwasemva kwe-Covid lweshumi lesithathu leminyaka yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye. Kufanelekile ukuba iinkokeli zeshishini lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho ziqaphele into yokuba ishishini labo liyimveliso engabonakaliyo kunye nedibeneyo. Ngolo hlobo sinokumeta iziphumo zokhenketho, zingaphi iindlu zobusuku esizithengisayo, zingaphi izihlalo zenqwelomoya ezingenamntu. Uhambo kunye nokhenketho, nangona kunjalo, lunemiba yalo engenakulinganiswa. U-Kahn noNarawane bebhala malunga neemveliso ze-e kunye neemveliso ezinzima ziphawulwe: "Ukwaneliseka kwabathengi (uZeithaml et al., 2009) kunokulinganiswa, kodwa kuyaguquguquka kwaye kunokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kuphenjelelwa yinyaniso yezinto.
Umbuzo ekufuneka siwubuze ngowokuba: Ngaba icandelo lezemfundo kunye nezicelo zeshishini lezokhenketho liye lantsonkotha kangangokuba eli shishini liye lalibala ukuba umntu ngamnye kubaxumi balo ngumntu ngamnye kwaye uhambo, ngakumbi uhambo lokuzonwabisa, yinto yokwenene ekhethekileyo kumthengi ngamnye? Kwilizwe lasemva kwe-Covid abaninzi abakhenkethi bezolonwabo bayabaleka, kwaye bade bakucaphukele ukuba, bancitshiswe nje linani. Ngaphandle kwe "je ne sais quoi" ethile esekelwe kwizenzo zomntu ngamnye kunye namava okuhamba kunye nokhenketho aluba nto ngaphandle kokunciphisa abantu kwiifomyula zobuninzi.
Njengoko sifundile ngexesha lobhubhani we-Covid-19, amanani abalisa nje inxenye yebali. Amaxesha amaninzi abezopolitiko, iinkokeli zamashishini, kunye nezifundiswa ziye zawasebenzisa la manani ukuze zixhase izikhundla zezopolitiko okanye iingcamango zemfundo. Ukuba zikhohlisiwe, ngoko ke kufuneka sibuze ukuba ingaba idatha enokulinganiswa inika iingcaciso zokwenyani ezingakhethi cala na, okanye ngaba zivelisa nje inkohliso yobunyani? Ngaba ezi ntlobo zokulinganisa zibonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wenyaniso esiye sahlala sikholelwa kuyo okanye ngaba ziphosakele isiseko somphefumlo womntu kwaye ngoko ke kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo zobuxoki?
Ingxaki kukuba nokuba ingakanani idatha esinayo, okanye sinokuyidinga, zombini izifundiswa kwezokhenketho kunye neengcali ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyazi ukuba ukhenketho lubhiyozo lomntu ngamnye. Undwendwe, umkhenkethi, okanye umhambi akafuni ukuba yinxalenye yeqela, okanye umkhwa kodwa umthengi owahlukileyo. Ukuguqula umtyeleli ekubeni yiwijethi engakhathaliyo kukulahlekelwa ngundoqo wokhenketho lwe raison d'être. Ukukhangela ubunyani kudla ngokuba yinxalenye yolu mntu ngamnye. Ikwangumzekelo wendlela uhlalutyo lwamanani olusulungekileyo kaninzi aluchazi ubunyani bokhenketho. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqaku elipapashwe kwinqaku elithi “Incoko” sifunda oku: “Ukunyaniseka kuya kusiba yinto exabiseke ngakumbi kwishishini lezokhenketho, njengoko abakhenkethi besanda ngakumbi nangakumbi befuna ukuntywilisela kwiinkcubeko zasekuhlaleni nakwimekobume.” Yintoni eyenza ukuba amava okwenene afumaneke aya kwahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye – ukusuka ekutyeni kwindawo yokutyela yasekuhlaleni, ukuya kwiindawo ezidlakazwe yimfazwe?”
Ukusuka kwi-Depersonalization ukuya kuRe-personalization
Umhlaba we-post-Covid wokhenketho uye waba lihlabathi lovavanyo. Isoftware entsha ivumele ukusebenzisana kobuso ngobuso ukuba kuncitshiswe kube ngamanani nje. U-Anna Karpf, ebhala kwi-Guardian uye waphawula ukuba: "Wamkelekile kwihlabathi leemetriki. I-Software ngoku iququzelele ukulawulwa kweemvakalelo kwaye inenkxalabo ezenzekelayo. Okanye ukuba iyenzeka ekupheleni kombuzo wefowuni, ifundwa kwiscript ngumsebenzi ohluphekileyo, oswele iiyure zero ezibekwe. Abakhenkethi baye bakucaphukela oko kubonakala kuluthotho olungapheliyo lwemibuzo ephantse ibe yingxaki. U-Karpf usabela kolu phando lugqwesileyo xa esithi: “Imibutho emininzi ngoku ifuna ingxelo yethu kangangokuba ukuba besivuma kuyo yonke, ingajika ibe ngumsebenzi osisigxina – ongahlawulwayo, ewe, ukuze singabe sisakwazi ukuthenga nantoni na okanye ukuya naphi na (mhlawumbi licebo eliluhlaza elikrelekrele). Namhlanje phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ungaziva "uphandwe kakhulu". Ngokufuthi kubonakala ngathi nanini na sinxibelelana nenkampani yeenqwelomoya, inkampani erentisa iimoto, sisitya kwindawo yokutyela, sityelele indawo enomtsalane kwaye singahlukunyezwa yinkampani icela uphando “olufutshane” loluvo lomthengi. Ukwenza izinto zibe nomsindo ngakumbi abavelisi bephepha-mibuzo babonakala beyila uphando lwabo ngendlela yokuphantse banyanzelise impendulo abayifunayo. Ngoko ke, kubathengisi, uphando alubi sisixhobo sophando esilungiselelwe ukunceda ishishini ekuphuculeni imveliso yalo okanye inkonzo yabathengi kodwa sisixhobo nje sokuthengisa apho umthengi unyanzelwa ukuba abe yinxalenye yephulo lokuthengisa imveliso.
Ukudityaniswa koKhenketho kunye noKhuseleko loKhenketho
Ukushenxa ekuzilungiseni kube negalelo nakwisiqinisekiso sokhenketho. Ngokuqhelekileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe kubakhenkethi luye lwaba ngumdlalo wamanani apho ukuxhatshazwa komntu kuncitshiswe kubuninzi.
Ababhali-mbali bexesha elizayo, bejonge emva kwangoko emva kwe-Covid, banokuhendeka ukuba babize eli xesha litsha le-fin de siècle ixesha lokwahlukana okunzulu. Amashumi okugqibela enkulungwane edluleyo, namashumi okuqala eminyaka ale nkulungwane, aye azaliswe ziimfazwe zamazwe ngamazwe nezidubedube zasekhaya. Unyaka ka-2024 ubonakala uphela njengoko ihlabathi lisemngciphekweni wemfazwe yenyukliya. Ukongezelela, inxalenye enkulu yeAsia neYurophu ithwaxwa ziiyantlukwano zobuhlanga nezobuzwe ngenxa yokwanda kogonyamelo. Enye indlela ushishino lwezokhenketho oluqale ngayo ukuzilwela kungophuhliso lweenkonzo zokhuselo ezizezakho ezibizwa ngokuba zii-TOPPs (iiNkonzo zokuPolisa eziJoliswe kuKhenketho noKhuseleko). Ukuphuhliswa kwee-arhente zokhuseleko ezizinikele kushishino lwezokhenketho akukhange kube lula. Nangona iiyunithi ze-TOPPs ziye zaba nabaxhasi bazo nazo ziye zaba nabachasi bazo. Nangona i-Covid-19 ibonise ishishini lokhenketho ukuba ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwendawo ekhuselekileyo, ekhuselekileyo, kunye nenempilo, iminyaka emininzi ishishini lokhenketho belinobudlelwane bentiyo yothando kunye nomthetho. Umzekelo, kwiNkomfa yoKhuseleko yoKhenketho yoNyaka yesi-4 ebibanjwe ngoNovemba ka-2024 eBogota, eKholombiya, phantse akukho bameli beshishini lokhenketho ababekhona. Inkomfa yaseBogota, enye yezininzi ezibanjwe ehlabathini lonke, yabonisa ubukhulu balo mbandela kwaye yachukumisa imiba efana neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ukuthengiswa kwabantu kunye nesini, ukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho, amanyathelo amatsha okulwa nobunqolobi, kunye nokhuseleko lomoya kunye nolwandle.
Olu budlelwane bentiyo yothando lwenziwe mandundu ziindlela zokungazinzi phakathi kwezokhenketho. Ukulwa noku depersonalization, iinkqubo ze-TOPPs kwihlabathi le-post-Covid ziye zafuneka ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kokwahluka kweemveliso zokhenketho kunye nenyaniso yokuba ii-arhente ze-TOPPs, nokuba zingamagosa asebupoliseni afungelweyo okanye ukhuseleko lwabucala, nangona kufuneka bajongane kuqala kunye nemicimbi yasekhaya nabo babelane ngokufana okuthile. Phakathi kwezinto ezifanayo:
- Amagosa e-TOPP angaze alibale ukuba ukhuseleko lokhenketho luqala ngemvakalelo yobubele nenkathalo. La madoda namabhinqa angaqhelekanga abonisa ukuba imvakalelo yokukhathala nokuqonda ukuba inkathalo linyathelo lokuqala eliya kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko nokhuseleko lwabandwendweli.
- Amagosa e-TOPPs ayaqonda ukuba ishishini lokhenketho elingenabuntu linyanzelekile ukuba lingaphumeleli ekugqibeleni. Kwilizwe leerobhothi kunye noxinzelelo lwemfonomfono baye bazenzela ubuqu kwaye banike ingqwalasela yomntu ngamnye kwiindwendwe zeshishini kunye nabasebenzi ngokufanayo. -
- Iingcali ze-TOPPS zikholisa ukubandakanyeka kuluntu lwazo kwaye ziqonde ukuba uluntu lokhenketho yinkqubo yendalo ngokwayo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-TOPPs azikho nje umsebenzi kubo kodwa luhlobo lwenkonzo yoluntu bayaqonda ukuba okwenzekayo ngaphandle koluntu kuchaphazela into eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwayo. La madoda kunye nabasetyhini bavolontiya kumaziko abo enkolo, anceda amaziko olutsha kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwizinto ezininzi ezingezizo zokuthotyelwa komthetho.
- Iingcali ze-TOPPs ziyaqonda ukuba iindwendwe zabo zenza umgwebi malunga noluntu lwabo lwedatha encinci kwaye bahlala besekela izimvo zabo kwiimbono nje. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, uncumo lubalulekile. Uncumo lukaReno (Nevada's) ngumzekelo olungileyo wendlela uncumo olunokutshintsha ngayo kungekuphela nje isimo sengqondo somntu kodwa yonke imbono yabo ngendawo.
- Amagosa e-TOPPs asuka kwihlabathi liphela ayazi ukuba yomibini imiba yokhuseleko efana nococeko lokutya kunye nemiba yokhuseleko efana ne-pick-pocketing inokuchaphazela isidima soluntu lwabo lokhenketho kunye neyona nto isezantsi kwezoqoqosho. Kwakhona bayaqonda ukuba isixeko esimdaka, okanye esizaliswe yinkunkuma ezitratweni okanye ezindongeni ezinombhalo ongalawulekiyo lonakalisa igama loluntu. Ngesi sizathu, la magosa athatha inxaxheba kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi zokuhombisa uluntu ngokubanzi.
- Amagosa e-TOPPs angumqolo wokhuseleko oluhle lokhenketho. La madoda kunye nabasetyhini abaqeqeshiweyo badibanisa eyona nto ibalaseleyo yothando kunye nenkathalo kunye namandla nesidima. Basebenza ukwenza yonke into ukusuka ekukhuseleni iisayithi ze-iconic ukuya ekukhuseleni iindwendwe kunye nodumo loluntu lwabo.
Emva kweCovid-19
Ubhubhani we-Covid-19 wathatha iminyaka emithathu kwaye wachaphazela yonke inkalo yeshishini lezokhenketho. Ngaloo minyaka ishishini lokhenketho kunye nokhenketho lafunga ukuba liyayiqonda yonke imiba yokhuseleko lokhenketho kunye nesiqinisekiso, ukusuka kuthintelo lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuya kukhathalelo lwempilo. Kwakamsinya nje emva kokuphela kobhubhane, nangona kunjalo, ingqalelo yawo yajika yajika kwimibuzo yokhenketho olugqithisileyo, ukuthengisa, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ishishini lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho, nangona kunjalo, alinakuthembela ekuhambeni koluntu ukudlula le ngxaki. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ibuze ukuba ingaba iya kuzilungiselela na iingxaki ezizayo. Ukuba ishishini lisebenzisa le mpumlo, kuya kuba ngcono ukulungiselela ingxaki elandelayo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, ishishini lingqina ukuba lifunde kancinci, ukuba likhetha ukungazihoyi iintlekele ezinokuthi zibekho esele zibonakala elundini, liya kuba netyala kuphela xa kusenzeka ingxaki elandelayo. Inkqubo ye-TOPPs yaphuhliswa njengeparadigm hayi kuphela ukujongana neengxaki zangoku kodwa ukujongana nekamva kunye neentlekele ezingekaziwa. Ngaba ishishini liya kuthatha umngeni okanye liphinde likhethe ukubaleka ubukhulu?
Umbhali, UGqirha Peter E. Tarlow, nguMongameli kunye noMseki we World Tourism Network kwaye ikhokelela Ukhenketho olukhuselekileyo program.
