I-International Air Transport Association (IATA) yabiza oorhulumente kunye nabalawuli ukuba bakhuthaze ubumbano olunamandla lwaseYurophu kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ngokwamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza uxhulumaniso olukhulu lomoya. Okuphambili koku kukuqaphela amandla ahlukeneyo kunye neenzuzo ezibonelelwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabathwali abasebenza eYurophu.
“IYurophu, njengehlabathi liphela, ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano lomoya, olubalulekileyo kuluntu, kukhenketho nakurhwebo. Abasebenzisi beshishini benethiwekhi yothutho lomoya yaseYurophu-abakhulu nabancinci-bakuqinisekisile oku kutsha nje IATA uphando: I-82% ithi ukufikelela kwiikhonkco zokubonelela ngehlabathi "zikhona" kwishishini labo. Kwaye i-84% "ayinakucinga ukwenza ishishini" ngaphandle kokufikelela kuthungelwano lwezothutho lomoya. Ukucinywa kommiselo okuye kwanikezela ngeMarike yoKuhamba ngeenqwelomoya enye yenye yeempumelelo ezibalulekileyo zeprojekthi yaseYurophu kwaye inokuba bubugwenxa ukuba imimiselo ethe yasilela ukuthathela ingqalelo iinyani zeshishini lenqwelomoya ibinokujongela phantsi le mpumelelo. Ubungqina obutsha bubonisa ukuba iYurophu ixhamla kwiintlobo ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya kwaye idinga zonke ezi modeli zahlukeneyo zoshishino - kunye neenkonzo abazinikezelayo - ukuba ziphumelele, "utshilo uWillie Walsh, uMlawuli Jikelele we-IATA.
Abalawuli baseYurophu bakhethe ukujongana nemingeni emininzi yezothutho lomoya kwiinyanga ezizayo, kubandakanya iindawo zokubeka isikhululo seenqwelomoya, amalungelo abakhweli, kunye nozinzo. Zonke ezi zinempembelelo enokubakho kukhetho kunye nexabiso abakhenkethi baseYurophu abalindele ukulindela, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba abalawuli babe nomfanekiso opheleleyo kwigalelo leemodeli ezahlukeneyo zoshishino lweenqwelomoya ezizisa uqhagamshelwano lomoya. Ukuncedisa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, i-IATA Economics iphuhlise ingxelo ehlalutya ubungakanani boqhagamshelwano olunikezwa ngabaThuthi beNdleko ephantsi (LCCs) kunye nabathwali benethiwekhi eYurophu. Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba banikezela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezincomekayo zoqhagamshelwano, ngelixa bekhuphisana kwiindlela ezininzi ezidumileyo.
Ingxelo yasungulwa kwi-IATA Amaphiko oTshintsho eYurophu Umsitho obanjelwe e-Istanbul, eTürkiye, nge-8-9 kaNovemba. Iziphumo zayo eziphambili ziquka:
- Inani le-LCCs ezibhalisiweyo zaseYurophu liphantse liphindwe kabini ukususela kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-35, ngelixa inani labathwali benethiwekhi liye lawa kancinci ngexesha elifanayo (ukusuka kwi-149 ukuya kwi-131)
- Inani labakhweli kwiinqwelomoya ezingemiyo ukuya kwindawo eziya kuyo ngaphakathi eYurophu ezithwalwa ziiLCCs zafikelela kwi-407.3 yezigidi ngo-2019, xa kuthelekiswa ne-222.5 yezigidi zabathwali benethiwekhi.
- Ngaphakathi kweYurophu, inani leendlela zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya zokuya kwindawo ezihanjiswa ngabathwali benethiwekhi zikhulu ngokuphindwe ka-2-4 kunohambo lwenqwelomoya olunikezelwa zii-LCCs ngaphambi kobhubhane.
Ukubaluleka kwabakhweli abadlulayo ekuququzeleleni iinkonzo kumaziko akude okanye amancinci asezidolophini kubalulekile. Imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke yabathwali bothungelwano yenza uthungelwano olukhulu loqhagamshelwano nalapho imfuno isezantsi noko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nesona sixeko sincinci okanye esikude saseYurophu esinomgaqo weenqwelo-moya sinokuqhagamshelwa ngokupheleleyo kwinginginya yeendawo ekusingwa kuzo kwihlabathi liphela, oko kuvumela urhwebo nophuhliso loqoqosho. Ingxelo ichaza ukuba njani
- Inani labakhweli ababhabha kwiindlela zokunxibelelana phakathi kweYurophu ezithwelwe ziiLCCs bezingaphantsi kwe-9 yezigidi ngo-2019 xa kuthelekiswa nezigidi ezingama-46 ezithwalwa ngabathwali benethiwekhi.
- Ngelixa i-72% yemfuno yabakhweli yangaphakathi kweYurophu ibhabha kwiindlela ezinokhuphiswano phakathi kwe-LCCs kunye nabathwali benethiwekhi, loo mfuno ibandakanya kuphela i-6% yohambo lulonke lwangaphakathi kweYurophu. Ezinye i-79% yohambo lwaseYurophu luqhutywa ngabathuthi bothungelwano kuphela (xa kuthelekiswa ne-15% eyi-LCCs kuphela). Ngaloo ndlela, ii-LCCs zivame ukukhuphisana nabathwali benethiwekhi kwiindlela ezithandwa kakhulu, kodwa abathwali bothungelwano benza umsebenzi obalulekileyo onika uxhulumaniso kwiindawo ezingaziwayo zaseYurophu, ezisebenzayo kuphela ngenxa ye-hub-and-spoke model.
- Kuhambo lwe-intercontinental, abathwali bothungelwano ngokungamangalisi babonelela ngobuninzi bonxibelelwano. Kuhambo oluya kwelinye ilizwekazi, kukho ukhuphiswano lwe-13.5% yemfuno yabakhweli, kodwa ukudityaniswa kwiindlela ezibonelelwayo yi-0.3% kuphela.
- Umthamo wempahla ubalulekile kurhwebo lwaseYurophu. I-99.8% yomthamo wesisu ibonelelwa ngabathuthi bothungelwano, ebonisa imfuno enkulu yomthwalo womoya kwiimarike zamazwekazi xa kuthelekiswa nemfuno ephantsi yomthwalo womoya wangaphakathi kweYurophu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthamo we-intercontinental belly uxhaswa ngokusebenza kwe-passenger hub-and-spoke connections.
“Abathathi-nxaxheba abasuka kulo lonke icandelo lezophapho bamanyene kwimfuno yemigaqo ekhuthaza ukuhlalisana kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano olusempilweni kunye nokukhetha kwabathengi kangangoko. I-Türkiye ngumzekelo omhle wendlela yokukhulisa uxhulumaniso lwesizwe kunye nokuvumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabathwali ukuba baphumelele. Kwaye into ebalulekileyo kukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhula ihamba kunye nezisombululo ezizinzileyo, "utshilo uMehmet T. Nane, uSekela Sihlalo kunye noMlawuli oLawulayo we-Pegasus Airlines kunye noSihlalo weBhodi ye-IATA yeeRhuluneli. I-Pegasus Airlines ibambe inkomfa yesithathu ye-Wings of Change yaseYurophu, idibanisa abathunywa be-400 ukuba baxoxe ngezihloko eziphambili zezopolitiko kunye nokukhuthaza icandelo lezophapho laseYurophu elomeleleyo.
Ukukhula okuzinzileyo
Uhambo kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka lugcineke. I-Aviation ibonise ukuzinikela okucacileyo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwayo kwe-CO2 kwi-net-zero ngo-2050. Le njongo yoshishino isandula ukuhambelana noorhulumente kwi-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Ukufumana i-net-zero kuya kufuna inzame enkulu evela kushishino ngenkxaso karhulumente. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweZibaso zoPhapho eziZinzileyo (i-SAF), ukutyhalela uphuhliso lweenqwelo-moya ezikhutshwa kungabikho msi, kunye nokukhawulezisa ukonga ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngeendawo zomoya neziseko zeenqwelo-moya, ibalulekile.
“Amazwe aseYurophu athetha ngomdlalo olungileyo wokuzinza, kodwa irekhodi labo ekuhambiseni intetho ayisoloko ihambelana neminqweno yamagama abo. Ngelixa abanye abezopolitiko bedlala ngezimvo ezinjengokuvala uhambo olufutshane lomoya, olunokusindisa ngaphantsi kwe-5% yokukhutshwa kwiindleko ezinkulu zezoqoqosho, amanyathelo asebenzayo afana neSingle European Sky kulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya, ezinokuthi zehlise ukukhutshwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%, zihlala. ikhenkce ngokwezopolitiko. Ukugxila kwi-SAF kwamkelekile kodwa ukunyanzelisa ukuba iziswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kwi-EU ayinangqondo. Incwadi kunye nenkqubo yebango iya kuququzelela ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza ngeendleko eziphantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa izibonelelo zendalo. Kufuneka sigxininise ekukhuthazeni imveliso ye-SAF ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu ngexabiso eliphantsi, naphi na apho kunokubakho,” utshilo uWalsh.
