Ikhuseleke kangakanani loo moya?

Asicingi kakhulu ngokhuseleko lweenqwelo moya kweli lizwe. Sele ingaphezulu konyaka kunye neenqwelomoya ezizigidi ezili-11 ukusukela kwingozi yokugqibela ebulalayo ebandakanya isikhululo seenqwelomoya sase-US. Kodwa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya alusoloko lunikwa. Ukuba uhamba phesheya kolwandle ungazifumana ubhabha ngenqwelomoya engaqhelekanga, okanye okubi ngakumbi, igama olaziyo kuba loo nqwelomoya yenza iindaba eziphambili ngengozi embi.
Abantu basoloko bendibuza ukuba ngaba inqwelomoya ethile ikhuselekile ukuba ingabhabha kwaye ngenani elikhulu leenqwelomoya ezintsha kwihlabathi liphela kuya kusiba nzima ukuqinisekisa ngezenzo zokhuseleko kunye nerekhodi yenqwelomoya ethile. Ulwazi lokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya luyafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwimithombo emininzi esemthethweni. I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) igcina uluhlu lwamazwe angahlangabezani nemigangatho yokhuseleko ebekwe yi-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Kodwa olu luhlu lusebenza kuphela kumazwe aneenqwelomoya ezifuna amalungelo okufika e-US kwaye alwehluli phakathi kweendlela zokhuseleko zeenqwelo moya.

I-European Union (EU) igcina uluhlu lweenqwelomoya ezivaliweyo, kodwa olu luhlu luphosa amakhulukhulu eenqwelomoya ezingafuniyo ukukhonza kwi-EU. Njengemeko yobulungu i-International Air Transport Association (IATA) ifuna ukuba iinqwelo-moya ziphumelele uphicotho lokhuseleko. Okwangoku i-190 yeenqwelo-moya ezingamalungu e-IATA angama-240 ziluphumelele ngempumelelo uphicotho lokhuseleko lwe-IATA, kodwa i-IATA ayibandakanyi amakhulu eenqwelo-moya ezibhabha kuphela iindlela zasekhaya eziquka izigebenga ezifana noMzantsi-ntshona.

Umthombo omtsha, ovela kwi-iJet Intelligent Risk Systems, uhlola iirekhodi zokhuseleko kunye nezenzo zeenqwelo-moya ezininzi ezingabandakanywanga kwi-EU, FAA, kunye ne-IATA uluhlu. I-iJet's Worldcue Airline Monitor (WAM) iqokelele idossier kwiinqwelomoya zeenqwelomoya ezingama-354 kwihlabathi liphela kuquka neenqwelomoya ezincinci kunye nezasekhaya. I-WAM iqhubeka nokuqokelela idatha malunga nenkampani yeenqwelomoya nganye kwaye ivavanye loo nkampani yeenqwelomoya ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo ye-14 ukuqulunqa ukulinganisa ukhuseleko oluhlanganisiweyo kumthwali ngamnye.

I-WAM ihlola ukwakheka kweenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nobudala; iminyaka yamava okusebenza kwabakhweli; ababoneleli ngesondlo; izakhono kunye neziqinisekiso; ubunini kunye nemeko yemali yenkampani yeenqwelomoya; inkonzo eyenzelwe; imifelandawonye; izabelo zekhowudi kunye nentsebenziswano nezinye iinkampani zeenqwelomoya; nakuphi na ukumisa inqwelomoya kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo; kunye neendaba zakutsha nje malunga nenkampani yomoya. I-WAM iphinda ibonelele ngesatifikethi se-ICAO, ukuvunywa kophicotho lokhuseleko lwe-IATA, kunye noluhlu lwe-EU lweenqwelomoya ezivaliweyo kumlinganiselo wenqwelomoya nganye. Iinqwelomoya zinikwa umlinganiselo "okhethiweyo" okanye "ongakhethwanga" ngokusekelwe kumanqaku azo adibeneyo. Ngoku iinqwelo-moya ezingama-85 zenza uluhlu lweenqwelomoya ze-WAM ezingakhethwanga.

Kwiinqwelo-moya ezingama-85 ezingakhethwanga, ezine zisebenze ngaphantsi kweminyaka emibini. Inkampani entsha yenqwelomoya kufuneka ibe neminyaka emibini yamava okusebenza kwabakhweli ukuze ifaneleke ukufumana umlinganiselo okhethwayo nokuba ilupasile uphicotho lokhuseleko kwaye inerekhodi yokhuseleko engenasiphako. Inkampani entsha yeenqwelomoya efana neSkybus, eyasungulwa ngo-2007, kuya kufuneka ilinde omnye unyaka ukufumana iwonga elikhethiweyo. Kodwa i-WAM yawonga i-Virgin America ngewonga elikhethiweyo ngoko nangoko ngenxa yokunxulumana nenkampani engumzali oyiNtombi.

Kwiinqwelo-moya ezingama-81 ze-WAM ezingakhethwanga ezisebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini, elona nani likhulu (23) likummandla we-Asia-Pacific, kunye nesixhenxe kwezo nqwelo-moya ezizinze e-Indonesia, kulandela uthotho lwamva nje lweengozi ezibulalayo kwelo lizwe. Kukho iinqwelo-moya ezili-19 ezingakhethwanga e-Afrika, ezili-14 eRashiya nakuManyano lweZizwe eziManyeneyo eziZimeleyo, kwaye ezintandathu nganye kuMbindi Mpuma, uMzantsi Merika, nakuMbindi Merika/Mexico. Inye kuphela inqwelo moya kuMntla Melika kunye nenye eNtshona Yurophu ikuluhlu olungakhethwanga kwaye zombini ezo nqwelomoya zamiswa ngenxa yemali.

I-Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) ngomnye wabathengi be-iJet abalishumi abasebenzisa i-WAM ngoku ukuvavanya umngcipheko wenqwelomoya. I-ADM inemisebenzi kumazwe angama-60 kumazwekazi amathandathu, ngokutsho kukaMark Cheviron, uMlawuli wezoKhuseleko kunye neeNkonzo. Ngokusebenzisa imveliso entsha ye-iJet, “singenza izigqibo ezizizo malunga nokuba zeziphi iinqwelomoya thina njengenkampani – kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, abasebenzi bethu – esikhetha ukuhamba nazo,” utshilo uCheviron.

I-ADM idla ngokusebenzisa i-WAM kabini ngeveki ukuvavanya iihambo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngenxa yokuba i-WAM inokubotshelelwa kwisixhobo sokubhukisha ukuhamba seshishini, i-ADM ikwafumana izaziso ezizenzekelayo ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzi ebhukisha inqwelomoya kwinqwelomoya engakhethwanga.

Nangona i-WAM inika ubume obukhethwayo okanye obungakhethwanga kuzo zonke iinkampani zeenqwelomoya, abathengi banokuphonononga amanqaku enkampani yomoya kwikhrayitheriya nganye kwaye benze olwabo uhlolo. UCheviron uthi i-ADM ayikhupheli ngaphandle inqwelomoya ukuba iyasilela ekufezekiseni enye yeendlela ezininzi zovavanyo. Uthi: “Sijonga izinto eziliqela ukuze sizimisele. "Eyona nto inokusikhathaza kakhulu kukuba inqwelomoya ifumana amanqaku emngciphekweni omkhulu kwiindidi ezininzi, ngokuchaseneyo nokuba buthathaka kwisinye okanye ezimbini."

"Ukuba inqwelomoya ayinazo izatifikethi, iqhuba inqwelomoya endala kwaye kutshanje ibe notshintsho oluthandabuzekayo kulawulo, ndicinga ukuba iya kuphakamisa iiflegi ezininzi kunokuba inqwelomoya ifumene isiganeko esinye kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo," utshilo uCheviron.

Ukuba umhambi ubhalisa uhambo kwinqwelo moya engakhethwanga, iqela lezohambo loshishino lweADM liya kuphanda iindlela ezizezinye zokuhamba ukuze zilungele ishedyuli yomhambi kwaye liya kusebenza nomqeshwa ukulungisa uhambo njengoko kufuneka.

I-WAM yongezelela kwisisombululo se-iJet's Worldcue Travel Risk Management, ehambelana ngokuzenzekelayo nezisongelo zehlabathi kunye neziganeko kwiindlela zokuhamba zabahambi ukubanceda baphephe ubunzima obunokwenzeka, ngokutsho kukaMongameli we-iJet, uBruce McIndoe. Umrhumo wonyaka wokubhalisa we-$ 2,000 unikezela abathengi ukufikelela okungenamkhawulo kwi-WAM, ukuba sele sele bebhalisile kwi-Worldcue Travel Risk Management.

"Ngaphambi kwenkonzo entsha ye-iJET, sithembele kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yedatha ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga neenqwelo-moya ezingathandabuzekiyo," uCheviron wandixelela.

Nokuba kukho ugcino lwedatha olubanzi lweenqwelomoya ezingama-354, iWAM ayikaquki zonke iinqwelomoya zehlabathi. Uthungelwano lokuHamba lweSaber, olusetyenziswa ngamaziko amaninzi ohambo, ludwelisa ulwazi ngenqwelomoya kwiinqwelo-moya ezingaphezu kwama-400. Kodwa iJet iyakongeza iinqwelomoya ezintsha kwiWAM ngesicelo somthengi.

Ewe nolona phando lubanzi alunasiqinisekiso malunga nengozi kuyo nayiphi na inqwelomoya - ngqina kwingozi yakutsha nje yeBritish Airways iBoeing 777 kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseLondon iHeathrow. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kuvakala ngcono ukwaziswa xa ubhabha usiya kwindawo ekude kwinqwelomoya engaziwayo.