Abasebenzi bophando abaziwayo basebenza ubusuku nemini ukunika isikhokelo malunga nokuba ungazikhathalela njani ngokwakho ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uyagula I-coronavirus ye-COVID-19.
Izifundo zonyango kwi-COVID-19 zikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, zihlala zibangela ukudideka kwizinto ezilula ezinje ngokuba zithomalalisa iintlungu, okanye ukhathalela amalungu osapho agulayo ekhaya.
Ukufumana isikhokelo, i-National Geographic yajika yaya koogqirha abakhokelayo kunye nabaphandi kwi-US nase-Canada ngeengcebiso zabo kukhathalelo lwasekhaya, kunye nexesha lokufuna unyango.
Oogqirha abathandathu abakhokelayo bacacisa into esiyaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Ukunyanga i-COVID-19 kwigumbi likaxakeka nasekhaya.
INDLELA YOKULWA NESIFO
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zazo zonke iimeko ze-COVID-19 zibonisa kuphela iimpawu ezinobulali ukuya kumodareyitha ezingafuni kulaliswa esibhedlele. Oogqirha bancomela ukuba ezi zigulana zizenze zodwa, zihlale zinamanzi, zitye kakuhle, kwaye zilawule iimpawu zazo kangangoko zinako.
Ukunyamekela umkhuhlane onxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi, kubandakanya ne-COVID-19, oogqirha bacebisa ukuthatha i-acetaminophen-eyaziwa kwilizwe liphela njengeparacetamol-ngaphambi kwe-ibuprofen. Ukuba umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka, abaguli kufuneka ke bacinge ngokutshintshela kwi-ibuprofen, utshilo uJulie Autmizguine, ingcali yesifo esosulelayo kubantwana e-CHU Sainte-Justine eMontreal, Canada.
Yena kunye nabanye oogqirha baveza oku kukhetha kuba ibuprofen kunye neziyobisi ezinxulumene noko-ezibizwa ngokuba zii-NSAID ngokufutshane-zinokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi kwabo bagula yi-COVID-19 coronavirus, kubandakanya ukulimala kwezintso, izilonda zesisu, kunye nokopha emathunjini.
Nangona kunjalo, esi silumkiso asithethi ukuba i-ibuprofen kunye nee-NSAID zibuhlungu ngakumbi kwiziphumo zecoronavirus, njengoko iindaba zamabali wentsholongwane ziphakanyisiwe kwiveki ephelileyo emva kokuba iSebe lezeMpilo laseFrance lithe amayeza kufuneka athintelwe ngexesha lonyango lwe-COVID-19.
"Andazi ukuba ii-NSAID ziboniswe njengengxaki embi kwesi sifo okanye nasiphi na isifo secoronavirus," utshilo ingcali ye-coronavirus uStanley Perlman, ugqirha wabantwana kunye noogqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseIowa eCarver College of Medicine.
I-Acetaminophen iza neengozi, kwaye abantu kufuneka bayithathe kuphela xa bengadibani nezinto ezithile okanye bengenawo umonakalo wesibindi. Iyeza likhuselekile kwiidosi zemihla ngemihla ezingaphantsi kwe-3,000 milligrams, kodwa ukugqitha oku kubuninzi bemihla ngemihla kunokuba semngciphekweni wokonzakala kwesibindi okanye okubi kakhulu.
"Ukugqithisa kwe-Acetaminophen yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokusilela kwesibindi e-United States," utshilo uJosé Manautou, ugqirha onetyhefu kwiYunivesithi yaseConnecticut School of Pharmacy.
Abantu kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bayawaphendula onke amayeza abawasebenzisayo, kuba amayeza e-counter athengisa iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye nezinye izixhobo zokulala zihlala ziqukethe i-acetaminophen. Abantu kufuneka bakuphephe ukusela utywala xa bethatha i-acetaminophen. Isibindi sixhomekeke kwinto enye — i-glutathione — ukucutha ubungozi obunokubangelwa butywala kunye ne-acetaminophen. Ukuba usebenzisa kakhulu zombini, kunokubangela ukuba i-toxins iqokelele emzimbeni. (Nje ukuba umzimba wakho wosulelwe, yile nto yenziwa yicoronavirus.)
KUTHEKANI NGOKWENZA I-CHLOROQUINE NE-AZITHROMYCIN?
Amaqela ezonyango asebenza engayeki ukuze afunde indlela yokunyanga kakuhle i-COVID-19, kwaye kule veki iphelileyo, uMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump uye wazibandakanya naloo mbambano evakalisa inkxaso yakhe kumachiza amabini abekhona amashumi eminyaka-i-azithromycin ye-antibiotic, kunye nohlobo lwe ichloroquine echasene nemalariya.
Ngokwenyani, i-US Food and Drug Administration ayiyamkelanga i-hydroxychloroquine-edla ngokusetyenziswa ukunyanga i-rheumatoid arthritis kunye ne-lupus-ukuze isetyenziswe ne-COVID-19, nangona ivume uvavanyo ngokudibanisa ne-azithromycin ngoku ebekelwe New York. Okwangoku, amagosa ezempilo kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya u-Anthony Fauci, intloko ye-US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, bayabongoza malunga nezi ziyobisi.
"Uninzi lwezinto ozivayo phaya zezona bendizibize ngokuba ziingxelo ze-anecdotal," utshilo uFauci kwindibano noonondaba ngoMgqibelo kwiQela le-White House. Umsebenzi wam kukuqinisekisa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba ichiza alikhuselekanga nje kuphela, kodwa liyasebenza.
Ingxelo ye-chloroquine iqale ngezifundo ezincinci ezincinci ezivela e-China nase-France-zombini zineentsilelo kwaye zibonelela ngezifundo ezimbalwa kwizigulana ngokubanzi. Iziphumo zaseFrance zisekwe kubantu abangama-36 kuphela kwaye zijolise kumthamo wentsholongwane kwizigulana, okanye ubungakanani bentsholongwane emzimbeni. Ewe, ekuphela kwezigulana eziza kufa okanye ezokuthunyelwa kunyango olunzulu kuphando lwaseFrance zithathe ihydroxychloroquine.
U-Annie Luetkemeyer, oyingcali ye-HIV kunye nezifo ezosulelayo kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, kwiSebe lezeMpilo uthi: "Asinayo idatha evela kwizilingo ezilawulwa ngokungenamkhethe, ezisebenza kubantu bokwenyani."
Ukuzinyanga ngokwakho ngehydroxychloroquine kunye ne-azithromycin kwabo bagula yi-COVID-19 coronavirus nako kunokuza neengozi, njengoko la machiza mabini anokuxinzelela intliziyo kwaye andise umngcipheko we-arrhythmia. NgoMvulo, umongameli wathembisa ukuthumela iNew York amawaka eedosi ze-combo kulingo lwe-FDA, kungekudala emva kokuba isibhedlele saseArizona sixele ukuba esinye sezigulana siswelekile emva kokuzinyanga kwi-chloroquine phosphate, ifom yekhompiyutha esetyenziselwa ukucoca i-aquarium amatanki. Amagosa ezempilo aseNigeria axele ngamatyala amabini e-chloroquine overdoses kwimpelaveki.
"Into yokugqibela esiyifunayo ngoku kukuzalisa amasebe ethu kaxakeka kwizigulana ezikholelwa ukuba zifumene isisombululo esingacacanga nesiyingozi esinokuthi sibeke impilo yabo esichengeni," utshilo uDaniel Brooks, umlawuli wezonyango kwiziko leBanner Poison kunye neZiko loLwazi ngeDrug ePhoenix. , Kwisiteyitimenti.
NGABA AMAYEZA ENGCINEZELO LEGAZI AKHUSELEKILE?
I-ACE inhibitors, iziyobisi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ziye zangena emlilweni ngexesha lenkathazo ye-COVID-19, kunye neengxelo ezithile ezibonisa ukuba abaguli mabayeke ukuthatha la mayeza ukuba ngaba baneempawu.
Kuluhlu lweeleta kwiBritish Medical Journal, Nature Reviews Cardiology, kunye neLancet Respiratory Medicine, abaphandi baphakamise imibuzo malunga nokuba i-ACE inhibitors inganceda ukuseka usulelo lwe-coronavirus kwimiphunga yabantu. Inkxalabo isukela kwinto yokuba i-SARS kunye ne-coronavirus entsha bangena kwiiseli ngokunamathela kwiprotein ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, okanye i-ACE2 ngokufutshane. Iprotein igcwele kwiindawo zeeseli entliziyweni nasemiphungeni, apho inceda khona ukulawula ihomoni echaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Isiphumo esinye se-ACE inhibitors kukuba banokuqhubela iiseli ukuba zenze i-ACE2 engaphezulu. Uphononongo luka-2005 lwafumana ubungqina bokwanda kweempuku, kwaye isifundo sika-2015 ebantwini safumana ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-ACE2 kumchamo wezigulana ezazithatha amayeza anxulumene ne-ACE inhibitors.
Kodwa abukho ubungqina obukhoyo bokuba i-ACE inhibitors izenza mandundu iziphumo ze-COVID-19 ebantwini, ngokwe-American Heart Association, i-European Society of Cardiology Council kwi-Hypertension, kunye novavanyo lwango-Matshi 20 olupapashwe kwi-European Heart Journal. Ingcebiso egqithileyo kagqirha kukuba ukuba umiselwe amayeza, qhubeka uwathatha de uxelelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wakho wezonyango.
"Akufuneki ukuba siqale okanye siyeke la mayeza de sibe sinolwazi oluninzi," utshilo uLuetkemeyer.
Abantu abanengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo sentliziyo babonakala besemngciphekweni omkhulu we-COVID-19, kodwa oko kusenokwenzeka ukuba kunento yokwenza nezifo ezisisiseko ngokwazo. Ngaphezu, i-ACE inhibitors inokuba neepropathi ezichasayo, ezinokuthi zincede imiphunga yezigulana ze-COVID-19 zijongane ngcono nosulelo. (Funda ukuba ezi meko ziphantsi zenza ukuba i-coronavirus ibe qatha ngakumbi.)
"Esi iya kuba sisifundo esiphambili, ukuthelekisa abantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokususa la machiza, ukubona ukuba akukho mahluko na," utshilo uPerlman. "Kodwa kunganzima kakhulu ukuyenza, kwaye mhlawumbi kunzima kakhulu ukuyithethelela."
UNGAYIFUNA NINI INGXELO YONYANGO
"Ngazo zonke iindlela, ukuba uneempawu zokuphefumla ngokungxamisekileyo okanye into enengxaki, sifuna ukuba ufune ingqwalaselo engxamisekileyo," utshilo uPurvi Parikh, ingcali yesifo sokungabikho komzimba kwi-NYU Langone kwisiXeko saseNew York. Ukuba ukhetha ukufuna uncedo kwisibhedlele sasekhaya, nanku omnye umzekelo wento onokuyilindela.
Kwisibhedlele se-Inova Health System esibhedlele eFairfax, eVirginia, abasebenzi bamise intente yangaphandle ukwahlula abantu abaxela izigulo zokuphefumla kwabo banezinye izifo. La maqela mabini aqhutywa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zegumbi lokulinda, lahlulwe ubuncinci iinyawo ezintandathu zesithuba.
Ngenxa yokunqongophala kovavanyo kulo lonke elase-US, oogqirha e-Inova kunye nezinye izibhedlele bathi ukuba abantu bafike benempawu ezinobulali, ezi zigulana zixelelwa ukuba zicinga ukuba zine-COVID-19 kwaye ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zizenzele zodwa ukuthintela ukugcwalisa ngaphezulu kwesizwe malunga ne-920,000. iibhedi ezinabasebenzi.
Kulabo bagula yi-COVID-19 coronavirus kwaye bafika neempawu ezinzulu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, abasebenzi bezempilo baqala ngokugxila kumanqanaba eoksijini yomguli, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nomthamo wamanzi kwimiphunga yabo - konke oku kungumzamo gcina imeko yabo izinzile. Bazama nokulawula umkhuhlane, onokubangela ukungonwabi kwaye kukhokelele kumonakalo weseli.
Ezona meko zinzima ze-COVID-19 zifuna ukubeka isigulana kumatshini wokuphefumla-isixhobo esijikeleza umoya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemiphunga yomntu-ngaphezulu kweveki ngexesha. Yiyo loo nto amagosa ezempilo exhalabile ngenxa yokunqongophala komoya oza kubakho. Umbutho woNyango oNyango oLawulayo uthi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200,000 yokuphefumla ikhona kwizibhedlele zase-US, kodwa ezinye zindala kwaye zinokungaziphathi kakuhle i-COVID-19. Okwangoku, uqikelelo olunye olucekeceke lubonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-900,000 abantu baseMelika banokufumana i-COVID-19 kwaye badinga umoya.
Ezona meko zimbi ze-COVID-19 zinokubangela oko kubizwa ngokuba sisifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (i-ARDS), ingozi eyonzakalisayo yemiphunga enokubangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zosulelo olukhulu. Izibhedlele zineendlela ezichazwe kakuhle zendlela yokuphatha i-ARDS. Izigulana kufuneka zibekwe esiswini ukuphucula amandla emiphunga okuphefumla, kwaye zinganikwa ulwelo oluninzi. Ukongeza, ii-ventilator zezigulana ze-ARDS kufuneka zisetelwe ukujikeleza ivolumu ephantsi yomoya, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-alveoli, amagumbi amancinci emiphunga.
Ngaphakathi kwamagumbi esibhedlele, abasebenzi banenkathalo yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinokuthi zikhuphe amathontsi okuphefumla, anje ngezixhobo zenkxaso yeoksijini ezityhala umoya ziye emiphungeni. Ezinye izibhedlele zisebenzisa ulumkiso olongezelelekileyo ngezixhobo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nebulizers, eziguqula amayeza angamanzi ukuba abe zizinto ezinokuphefumla, kuba inkungu inokuphakamisa i-SARS-CoV-2 phezulu. (Kungenxa yoko le nto isepha ikhetha ukuphuma iblits ekulweni ne-coronavirus.)
NGABA ZININZI IZIYOBISI ZOKUTHEMBISA?
Abaphandi kunye noogqirha kwihlabathi liphela ngoku bayabaleka ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukuba ngaba amayeza ahlukeneyo ebekhona angabanjwa kumlo wokulwa ne-COVID-19. Oogqirha ekwenziwe udliwanondlebe nabo yi-National Geographic bavakalise elona themba likhulu kwi-remdesivir, iyeza le-antiviral eliphuhliswa ziiSayensi zaseGiliyadi.
"Ekuphela kwento endandiza kuwuxhoma umnqwazi wam kukuphinda ndihlaziye," utshilo uPerlman.
I-Remdesivir isebenza ngokulinganisa ibhloko yokwakha i-RNA yentsholongwane, ethintela amandla wentsholongwane ukuphindaphindeka. Olunye uphando olwaxelwa ngokubanzi lwaseTshayina, olupapashwe nge-4 kaFebruwari kuPhando lweSeli, luxele ukuba i-remdesivir iphazamise ukuphindwaphindwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 elebhu. Kodwa ichiza lisalingwa kwaye liye lafumana iingxaki ngaphambili. I-Remdesivir yayiphuhlisiwe ekuqaleni ukuba ilwe ne-Ebola, kodwa uvavanyo lwayo lwezonyango ebantwini lwasilela ekugqibeleni.
Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni, ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo kufuna ukuba ulawulwe ngokungqongqo uvavanyo lwezonyango lomntu, oluya kuthatha ixesha ukwenza. "Ekuqwalaseleni kwakhona, bekuya kuba mnandi ukuba besinokwenza imizamo engakumbi kwiziyobisi ze-anti-coronavirus," wongeza watsho uPerman. Kulula ukuyithetha ngoku, [kodwa] kwiinyanga ezintlanu ezidlulileyo, akukho lula kangako. ”
