IHawaii iya kuba yindawo yeteleskopu enkulu emhlabeni

HONOLULU – IHawaii inyulwe ngoLwesibini njengendawo yeyona teleskopu inkulu ehlabathini, isixhobo esinamandla kangangokuba siya kuvumela izazinzulu ukuba zibone malunga ne-13 yeebhiliyoni zeminyaka yokukhanya kwaye zibone iminyaka yokuqala yendalo iphela.

Isipili seteleskopu—esolula malunga neemitha ezili-100 ububanzi, okanye phantse ubude bamaphiko eBoeing 737—siya kuba sikhulu kangangokuba sifanele sikwazi ukuqokelela ukukhanya okuya kuchitha iminyaka eyi-13 lamawaka ezigidi ukuhamba emhlabeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezijonge kwiteleskopu ziya kukwazi ukubona imifanekiso yeenkwenkwezi zokuqala kunye neminyele eyenziwayo - malunga ne-400 yezigidi zeminyaka emva kweBig Bang.

"Iya kusinika imbali yendalo yonke," utshilo uCharles Blue.

Iteleskopu, ekulindeleke ukuba igqitywe ngo-2018, iya kuba phezu kwentaba-mlilo eleleyo ethandwa zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ngenxa yokuba ingqungquthela yayo ihlala phezulu kwamafu kwiinyawo ezili-13,796, inika umbono ocacileyo wesibhakabhaka phezulu kangangeentsuku ezingama-300 ngonyaka.

Indawo ekwanti yaseHawaii embindini woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ikwathetha ukuba le ndawo ayinalungcoliso lomoya. Izixeko ezimbalwa kwiSiqithi Esikhulu zithetha ukuba azikho zininzi izibane ezenziwe ngabantu ukuphazamisa ukujonga.

Esinye isiza somgqatswa sokugqibela seTelescope yeemitha ezingamashumi amathathu yayiyintaba yaseChile iCerro Armazones.

URichard Ellis, unjingalwazi wenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi kwiZiko leTekhnoloji yaseCalifornia kunye nelungu lebhodi yeTelescope yeemitha ezingamashumi amathathu, uxelele iintatheli kwinkomfa yenkomfa ukuba iMauna Kea ikwindawo ephezulu, umoya wayo womile kwaye ubushushu obuphakathi buguquguquka kancinci ngexesha lemini - zonke izinto eziluncedo kwabo basebenzisa iteleskopu entsha.

Iteleskopu iya kwakhiwa yiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, iZiko leTekhnoloji yaseCalifornia kunye noMbutho weeYunivesithi zaseCanada zoPhando kwi-Astronomy.

Ezona teleskopu zangoku zehlabathi nazo zikwimo encotsheni yeMauna Kea, kodwa ubukhulu bobubanzi bazo buphantse buphindwe kathathu kuneTelescope yeemitha ezingamashumi amathathu. Iiteleskopu zangoku azisoloko zibonelela ngeembono zamakhulu eeplanethi ezijikeleza ezinye iinkwenkwezi kunye neenkwenkwezi ezikufuphi nelanga njengoko iya kwenza iteleskopu entsha.

Kodwa isenokungabambeli esona sihloko sikhulu sehlabathi ixesha elide.

Intsebenziswano yamazwe aseYurophu iceba ukwakha iTelescope enkulu kakhulu yaseYurophu, eya kuba nesibuko seenyawo ezili-138. Iqela liqwalasela iindawo zaseArgentina, eChile, eMorocco naseSpain. Iceba ukwenza isigqibo ngendawo kunyaka ozayo kwaye ikwazi ukusingatha ukubonwa kwayo okokuqala kwi-2018.

Elinye iqela leeyunivesithi liceba ukugqiba i-Giant Magellan Telescope, nayo malunga ne-2018, kunye nesibuko seenyawo ezingama-80 eLas Campanas, eChile.

U-Rolf Kudritzki, umlawuli we-Institute for Astronomy kwiYunivesithi yaseHawaii, uthe indawo yaseHawaii esenyakatho ye-hemisphere iya kunceda iTelescope yeemitha ezingamashumi amathathu ukuba incedise ezinye iiteleskopu ezinkulu ezicwangciselwe iChile kwi-hemisphere esezantsi.

“Ndicinga ukuba zonke izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zehlabathi zingonwaba kuba ngokomgaqo ngoku iiteleskopu ezimbini ezinkulu ziya kukwazi ukugubungela isibhakabhaka sonke. Kwaye kuphando sisigqibo esibalulekileyo eso,” utshilo.

Kwakhona iya kuba yinzuzo ekhethekileyo kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaseHawaii, eziya kwabelwa isabelo sexesha lokuphononongwa kwe-TMT. UKudritzki uthe oogxa bakhe babambe itheko lokubhiyozela i-impromptu ngoLwesibini.

Kodwa esi sigqibo samema uqhanqalazo lwamaqela athile oMthonyama waseHawaii kunye nemekobume.

Isithethe saseHawaii sibambe ukuba iindawo eziphakamileyo zingcwele kwaye ziyindlela yokuya ezulwini. Ngaphambili, yayiziinkosi eziphakamileyo kuphela nababingeleli ababevunyelwa kwingqungquthela yaseMauna Kea. Intaba ilikhaya kwindawo enye yokungcwaba eqinisekisiweyo kwaye mhlawumbi ezine ngaphezulu, kwaye iingcali zokusingqongileyo ziyayichasa iteleskopu kuba ingenzakalisa ezinye izilwanyana ezisengozini.

“Olu hlobo lwelifa abafuna ukulishiya? Baqhubeka nokwakha kule ntaba yethu,” utshilo uKealoha UPisciotta, umongameli waseMauna Kea Anaina Hou, iqela elinosapho kunye nobudlelwane benkolo entabeni.