The Friedrichstadt-Palast Berlin iyayivuma ingcambu yawo yobuYuda ukususela ngowe-1919 | Imbali yeqonga eneziganeko zanamhlanje iFriedrichstadt-Palast Berlin yaqala kwikhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo.
Ngomhla wama-29 kuNovemba 1919, imboni yemidlalo yeqonga yamaYuda uMax Reinhardt wavula iGrofles Schauspielhaus ñ eyandulela iPalast. Ukuqanjwa kwakhona kweTheatre des Volkes (Ithiyetha yaBantu) ngexesha le-Third Reich, i-theater yayilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo nguJoseph Goebbelsí Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Imisebenzi yaphinda yaqala kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga ekwicandelo laseSoviet eBerlin emva kwemfazwe kwasekuqaleni kwehlobo 1945 kwaye yanikwa igama layo langoku leFriedrichstadt-Palast ngo-1947.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-1990, iPalast yayiyeyona thiyetha inkulu kwi-German Democratic Republic (GDR) ñ kwaye namhlanje iphinde idityaniswe iJamani. Ngenxa yokuphinda kuhlaziywe ngokuchasene namaYuda kunye nomqondiso wokubambisana kubomi bamaYuda eJamani, iPalast iyazingca ngokuvuma ilifa layo lamaYuda ngexesha lokubhiyozela kunye neflegi ephethe iNkwenkwezi kaDavide. Ukusukela oko kwaqala ixesha lokugqiba unyaka ka-2019/20, iPalast ibiphonononga imbali eneziganeko zethiyetha ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Elona qonga lityelelwa kakhulu kwikomkhulu laseJamani ngoku liye laphakamisa iflegi ngaphandle kwesango elikhulu elineNkwenkwezi kaDavide nombhalo othi ìIingcambu zamaYuda ukususela ngowe-1919î ngesiJamani nesiNgesi. “Abaseki bethu bowe-1919 kamva babandezeleka phantsi kwamaNazi. UMax Reinhardt njengomYuda, u-Erik Charell njengomYuda kunye nobufanasini, kunye noHans Poelzig njengomakhi we-expressionist. Ngelixa uReinhardt noCharell baye elubhacweni, uPoelzig wavalwa ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe, uxelela uGqr. Berndt Schmidt, uMlawuli Jikelele wePalast. ìIyinxalenye yeDNA yethu yethiyetha kunye noxanduva lwangoku.
Ingakumbi emva kohlaselo lwendlu yesikhungu yaseHalle nokuhlaselwa koorabhi namalungu oluntu lwamaYuda kulo lonke elaseJamani.î Ngenxa yembali yayo eneziganeko ezininzi, iPalast namhlanje ngenkathalo imele inkululeko, iyantlukwano nedemokhrasi. Ukusukela ngo-2014, le midlalo yeqonga ayisamemi oonozakuzaku bamazwe anemithetho yabo ecinezela abantu abathandana besini esifana nesabo kwimiboniso yokuqala. Ngo-2017, uSchmidt waphinda wazikhwebula elubala kwiimbono zehlabathi zocalucalulo kunye nobuzwe kwi-Alternative f¸r Germany (AfD), umbutho wezopolitiko onezinto ezijonge ngasekunene eziphinde zamelwa kwiBundestag yaseJamani.
Kubekho impikiswano kumajelo eendaba naphakathi kwabadlali bemidlalo yeqonga malunga nokuba ingaba iholo yeqonga karhulumente ivumelekile na ukuba yenze ezi nkcazo esidlangalaleni. Imbono kaGqr. Berndt Schmidtí: ìXa sibona inkululeko kunye nenkululeko yobugcisa isesichengeni, iithiyetha zaseJamani azivunyelwa nje kuphela ukuba ñ kufuneka. Yintoni enye ekufuneka ifundwe kwimbali yaseJamani?î Ekuphakameni kwengxabano nge-7†Oktobha 2017, yonke i-theater kunye neendwendwe eziphantse zibe yi-2,000 kwafuneka zikhutshwe ixesha elifutshane ngenxa yesongelo sebhomu engaziwa. Ulwazi lwangasemva: Malunga nabasunguli bePalastís: UMax Reinhardt wayengoyena mbono we-impresario kunye nomnini wethiyetha ngexesha lakhe. UHans Poelzig wayengumyili wezakhiwo onempembelelo.
U-Erik Charell uye waqulunqa imiboniso ye-ëGolden Twentiesí e-Berlin, wafumanisa uMarlene Dietrich kunye neComedian Harmonists, kwaye wayila i-operetta ëIm Weien Rˆsslí (The White Horse Inn) eyathi yaduma kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukususela ngowe-1933, iNational Socialists yabavala bobathathu ukuba basebenze eJamani. Umnombo wabo ongumYuda wakhokelela uReinhardt noCharell ukuba baye ekuthinjweni; njengobufanasini kunye nomYuda, uCharell wayesengozini enkulu. U-Poelzig wayesiya ephantsi kwempindezelo ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokubonisa (ìdegenerateî) uyilo.
Ngo-1980, iPalast endala kwafuneka ivalwe kwaye ichithwe ngenxa yomonakalo wesakhiwo. Ngomhla wama-27 † ngo-Epreli 1984, iPalast entsha yavulwa njengokwakhiwa kokugqibela kweGerman Democratic Republic (GDR). Isachukumisa nanamhlanje ngelona qonga likhulu lethiyetha ehlabathini. I-Friedrichstadt-Palast entsha ihlalisa iindwendwe ezili-1,900, iyenza ibe yeyona theatre inkulu eBerlin. Nge 700,000† iindwendwe minyaka yonke, yeyona theatre indwendwelwe kakhulu eJamani.
Ngakumbi kuKhenketho lwaseJamani: www.germantourismboard.com
