Ngokuqikelelwayo, isimo esithathwe nguMphathiswa woPhuhliso waseDenmark u-Ulla Tørnæs ubeke ikati phakathi kwamahobe eDenmark kutshanje xa wayenobuganga bokucebisa ukuba mhlawumbi izohlwayo azisebenzi, kwaye ukuba uDaw Aung San Suu Kyi kuphela wayekwazi ukuthetha esidlangalaleni, wayenokuthi. mhlawumbi ndivume. “Ukuba ndijonga ukuba izohlwayo ziye zanceda na abantu baseMyanmar, manditsho ukuba akunjalo. IMyanmar ikwanti kwaye ivaliwe. Kubonwa kumbono wophuhliso, kunokubaluleka ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokufikelela kubakhenkethi eMyanmar. Alithandabuzeki elokuba ukuba abakhenkethi bebenokuza eMyanmar, bekuya kuqhagamshelwana nabemi balapho nezinye iinxalenye zehlabathi.” Wongeze ukuba unxibelelwano olunjalo luya kudala umhlaba ochumileyo woxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi kwijunta. Ngoko ke ucebe ukuphakamisa umcimbi ukuze kuxoxwe kwintlanganiso elandelayo yabaPhathiswa boPhuhliso lwe-EU, ukuba ngaba bafanele baxhase isimemo sika-Aung San Suu Kyi sokuhlala kude. Uphendule watsho uThomas Petersen, umlweli wemanyano yabasebenzi eDenmark kule minyaka mininzi: “Asikho apha ukuxelela abantu baseBurma ukuba bacinge ntoni”. Ndingayibeka engozini, nangona kunjalo, ukuba iipesenti ezingama-99 zabantu baseBurma bangavumelana no-Ulla Tørnæs kunokuba bavumelane noThomas Petersen. UNksz Tørnæs uye waya eMyanmar ngenene, kwaye uthetha ngokokubona kwakhe emhlabeni. Ngandlel’ ithile ndiyathandabuza ukuba uMnumzana Petersen wakhe waya eMyanmar.
UNksz Tørnæs uya kuba nexesha elinzima lokucenga abanye oogxa bakhe be-EU abanemigca enzima. Ayikuko ukuba le nto ayithethayo ayivakali ngokupheleleyo kwezoqoqosho nakubuntu. Yinto nje ebonwa njengengamkelekanga kwezopolitiko ukubonakala nangayiphi na indlela "yokuvuza" ulawulo lomkhosi ngokuqhubeka nokuziphatha kakubi njengangaphambili. UMongameli Bush uthethe okuninzi kubaphengululi baseBurma, abezopolitiko kunye nabahlalutyi abasandul 'ukudibana nabo kwisidlo sasemini eBangkok, echazwa ngokucacileyo ngamajelo eendaba ezizwe ngezizwe "njengabachasayo", nangona imibuzo abayibuzayo yanika uMongameli kwaye ngakumbi abacebisi bakhe ukutya okuninzi okucingayo, ngenxa yabo. Iinkxalabo zazinengqiqo ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na into anokuba wayiva kwii-Ayatollahs of Activism eWashington. UMongameli wayiphakamisa ngokufanelekileyo iMyanmar kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva kunye noMongameli waseTshayina u-Hu Jintao, ngokungathandabuzekiyo owamamela ngembeko, kodwa iingxelo zibonisa ukuba kwakungekho ndibano yeengqondo. Ubudlelwane base-US-China kuyo nayiphi na imeko inemiba ebaluleke ngakumbi esengozini.
Iphulo lokulwa nokhenketho likhokelwe yi-Bhritane, ngokusekwe kwiingxoxo ezingeyonyani ezihanjiswe ngu-Daw Aung San Suu Kyi malunga nesityholo semali kurhulumente wezomkhosi kwingeniso yabakhenkethi nakwezinye izimvo ekuthiwa uzenzile. Phakathi konyaka wama-2002 nowama-2007, ukundwendwela kwamazwe aphesheya eMyanmar, kubandakanya uhambo lweshishini, kuye kwahamba phakathi kwe-217,000 (2002) kunye ne-247,000 (2007) kunye nengeniso epheleleyo phakathi kwe-US $ 100 yezigidi (2002) kunye ne-US $ 182 yezigidi (2007). La manani mancinci kangangokuba ngexesha lokusebenza kweendleko, inzala, irhafu kunye nokuhla kwexabiso kuye kwafezekiswa, kuncinci ukuba kukho into eseleyo ngendlela yenzuzo yokuvuza abatyali zimali baphesheya abangabanini abaziintloko bazo zonke iihotele ezikumgangatho wamanye amazwe. Xa uthelekisa la manani kunye nabakhenkethi abayi-14,460,000 abatyelele iThailand kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kunye ne-4,171,000 abaye eVietnam, bafumana ngokulandelelana ngaphezulu kwe-US $ 14,425 yezigidi zeThailand kunye ne-US $ 4,365 yezigidi zeVietnam, kuyacaca ukuba iThailand ifumana kwiintsuku ezi-4 kuphela. kunye neVietnam ngeentsuku ezili-13 kuphela ezifunyanwa nguMyanmar ngonyaka.
Iindwendwe zaseAsia eMyanmar zikhula ngokuzinzileyo njengepesenti yazo zonke iindwendwe, ukusuka kuma-56.78 eepesenti (2006) ukuya kuma-58.64 eepesenti (2007) ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-65.70 (1 Isiqingatha sango-2008). Abatyeleli baseYurophu, kwelinye icala, babonakalise ukwehla okucothayo ukusuka kwiipesenti ezingama-29.13 (2006) ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-27.74 (2007) ukuya kwipesenti ezingama-19.76 (1 Isiqingatha sango-2008). Ngokwandayo, amaziko amatsha okhenketho kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia eza kulungiselela inani elandayo labakhenkethi baseAsia ngaphezulu kwenani le-static labakhenkethi baseYurophu. Abatyeleli baseFransi, baseJamani nabaseNtaliyane eMyanmar bonke bangaphezulu kweendwendwe zase-UK ngomyinge wobuncinci isibini ukuya kwesinye. Abaphathiswa baseFrance, baseJamani nabase-Italiya bakhetha ukushiya abemi babo bazenzele ezabo iingqondo malunga nokutyelela iMyanmar, ngokungafaniyo nokudimazeka okubangelwa ngabaphathiswa baseBritane.
Uhlalutyo olwenziwa yiWorld Travel and Tourism Council lwamathemba okhenketho oluya eMyanmar ngo-2008 lubona ingeniso evela kukhenketho ngo-2008 ikwi-US$ 146 yezigidi, elingana ne-3.7 yepesenti yengeniso yemali yangaphandle. Eli shishini liza kubonelela ngemisebenzi emalunga ne-1,297,000, emele isi-5.8 sepesenti yengqesho iyonke, apho imisebenzi engama-645,000 iya kuba “kwishishini elithe ngqo”. Inkcitho karhulumente iqikelelwa kwi-6 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika, mhlawumbi etya nantoni na abayifumana kwirhafu kunye nokuqeshisa ngomhlaba, intlawulo yayo esemva kakhulu lishishini elingafane libe lishishini elenza inzuzo. Ekuchaseni ukuhamba kunye nokhenketho eMyanmar, i-EU ngokubanzi kunye noRhulumente waseBrithani ngokukodwa bafuna ngokungenazintloni ukuphazamisa ubomi babantu baseBurma be-1,297,000 abaphila kwishishini, kwaye iintsapho zabo zixhomekeke kuyo inkxaso. Ndiyathemba ukuba xa iPalamente iqala kwakhona ngo-Okthobha, abaPhathiswa baya kucinga kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde bathethe amazwi abo abubuxoki ukuba izohlwayo ze-EU "zijoliswe kuphela kulawulo lomkhosi kunye nabaxhasi babo" xa kukho naluphi na uhlalutyo olufanelekileyo lwemiphumo yezohlwayo, ukuba enye kuphela yapapashwa. , bekuya kubonisa ukuba ngabantu ababandezelekayo njengoko imiphumo isuka nje idluliselwe kubo.
AbaPhathiswa baseBhritane banokuthi baxolelwe ngokuzithoba kwabo kwi-Ayatollahs of Activism kweli lizwe kuba basebenza phantsi kwemigaqo engqongqo evela kwiNkulumbuso ngokwayo. Umanduleli wakhe uTony Blair wayekwinyathelo lokuqala ngokuchasene “nabenzi beholide” ngoFebruwari 2005, ngenkxaso “yabantu abadumileyo” abangama-70 kunye neenkokeli zeLib-Dem kunye neConservative Party ngelo xesha. Emva kokucinezelwa koqhanqalazo lwasesitalatweni ngo-Agasti ophelileyo noSeptemba okhokelwa ziimonki zamaBhuda kunye namatshantliziyo ezopolitiko, uGordon Brown wanika imiyalelo yokuba makubekho izohlwayo ezingakumbi, kwaye amagosa angenalusizi agqogqa iingqondo zawo ukuze afumane iithagethi ezifanelekileyo. INkulumbuso sele izibophelele esidlangalaleni ngo-Oktobha ophelileyo ukuqhubela phambili izohlwayo, kubandakanywa ukuvalwa "kotyalo-mali", nokuba yintoni na enokuthi ithetha, kuba ekusebenzeni akuzange kubekho utyalo-mali lwe-EU nayiphi na isiphumo eMyanmar kule nkulungwane. Isithunzi, nangona kunjalo, sihlala sibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi lezopolitiko kunento ekhoyo, ngoko sisilumkiso esifanelekileyo kubaphathiswa be-EU kunye namagosa ukuba i-honeymoon yokuzibandakanya koluntu okubangelwe yimpendulo yase-UK kwiziphumo ezibuhlungu zeCyclone Nargis kungekudala. ngaphaya kwaye, nangona igalelo elingumzekelo elivela e-UK lee-£ 40 yezigidi kuncedo loluntu kunye nenkxaso, phambi kwalo naliphi na elinye igalelo lamazwe amabini, akunakubakho uncedo lophuhliso lwexesha elide kunye naluphi na uphuculo kwiimeko zokuhlala zabantu baseBurma. ngokubanzi iya kuthintelwa kumdla wokuchaneka kwezopolitiko. Kudiza ukuba ekuveleni kwakhe kwi-Edinburgh Book Festival ngomhla we-10 kweyeThupha, uGordon Brown akaphelelanga nje ekuboniseni ukuzithemba kwezopolitiko, kodwa waveza umnqweno wakhe ngaphambi kokuba agqitywe ngezopolitiko zaseBritane: “Ndifuna u-Aung San Suu Kyi abe nguye. hayi ukukhululwa kuphela, kodwa nokuba segunyeni eBurma.” Amashwa angapheliyo eNenekazi ngokucacileyo abamba ingqondo yakhe, kwaye kwezi meko uDavid Miliband, ngaphandle kweminqweno yakhe yobunkokeli, akunakwenzeka ukuba akhuphisane neLizwi leNkosi yakhe malunga nomba wezohlwayo.
Ngokuhambelana nokuvalwa kwemithi, isinyithi kunye namatye axabisekileyo kunye neemveliso zabo zongezwa ngo-Novemba ophelileyo kuluhlu lwamanyathelo e-EU, nangona kwathatha igqwetha iinyanga ezintathu ukuyila iMigaqo, yayintsonkothile ekusebenzeni yayikukudityaniswa kwesigqibo sezopolitiko. Amanyathelo amatsha athintelweyo amele kuphela iipesenti ezi-1 zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMyanmar, kodwa ezi zinto zingalindelwanga kwaye zinqabile izibonelelo zendalo zathathwa ngembeko yi China, India kunye neThailand, ngaloo ndlela zidibanisa uqoqosho lwaseBurma nangakumbi nangabamelwane abanokuthi babe madolw 'anzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokuhlawula nakuphi na ukuthobela i-US kunye ne-EU ukuba bajoyine iphulo labo lokohlwaya. Abarhwebi baseThai ngokukodwa abayonwabisi kwaphela into yokuba isohlwayo se-EU sibonakala sijolise kubo ngokuchasene ne-Burmese, kuba ukuthintelwa kokungena e-Thailand kuye kwathetha ukuba izinto zeemveliso ezininzi zamaplanga kunye nefanitshala zenziwa kumaphondo aseNtshona nakuMbindi. I-Thailand isuka eMyanmar. Abangenisi be-EU bayacelwa ukuba babonise ukuba ukungeniswa kweenkuni kunye nefanitshala ezivela eThailand azikho iziqulatho zaseBurma, uninzi lwazo olungenakwenzeka. Abathengisi beThai nabaseSingapore nabo bayakhathazeka ngenxa yokunyanzelwa kwe-EU ukuba ubuncwane kunye nobucwebe obungeniswe kwi-EU akufuneki bube nemixholo yaseMyanmar, ekufuneka yenze ubomi bube nzima kakhulu. Unaniselwano lweebhanki kufuneka ngokufanayo lube liphupha lokwenene kubangenisi baseYurophu abavela kuMazantsi mpuma eAsia kuba nakuphi na ukuthengiselana okunxulumene noko kungangqalanga kwizixhobo zaseBurma kula macandelo akukho semthethweni kwaye kunokuba neziphumo kubantu ababandakanyekayo.
Kukho iingxelo zokuba i-EU ifuna ukusombulula imeko eyonakalisayo yezohlwayo ezikhoyo ngoku ngendlela enengqiqo, ezinokunceda amashishini ayi-1,000 okanye nangaphezulu eBurma ekujoliswe kubo, hayi kuba abanini babo besondele kulawulo, kodwa kungenxa yokuba lilishwa ukuba libe kumacandelo athile oqoqosho. Omnye wabo batyholwa nguGqirha Thant Kyaw Kaung otata wakhe u-U Thaw Kaung ulilungu leKhomishini yezeMbali yaseMyanmar oqeqeshwe kwilayibrari kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon. UGqirha Thant "iNandawun Souvenir Shop" ibonakala njengeNombolo 668 kwisiHlomelo 5 seMimiselo ye-EU yamva nje, esisiphumo senkqubo engaqhelekanga yokukhethwa kwefanitshala kunye nabathengisi bezacholo ngamagosa angaziwayo, kodwa ngokucacileyo abanolwazi oluncinci okanye abanalwazi kwaphela ngemeko yaseBurma. kwaye ngoobani abahlobo babo abasenyongweni.
UDerek Tonkin
Usihlalo weNethiwekhi yaseMyanmar
