Iindleko zezoqoqosho zokuqhambuka kwe-Ebola eNtshona Afrika

INtshona Afrika ibonwa ngakumbi ngamazwe aseNtshona njengomthombo ohambelanayo okanye ongomnye weoyile. Ukungxamiseka kwemithombo yamandla kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona Afrika kukhokelela ekukhuleni kweziseko ezingundoqo ezihamba nokunyuka kweemarike zabathengi kunye neendlela zophuhliso ezilungileyo.

Kodwa ngowama-2000, iNtshona Afrika yayingummandla wamazwe adlakazwe yimfazwe namazwe aqhekekileyo, yaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kuncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Iinzame zoxolo kunye nokuzinzisa kwezopolitiko zikhokelele ekukhuleni koqoqosho kunye nokudityaniswa kwemimandla, kodwa amaqela abanqolobi kunye nothungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo lusenomngeni omkhulu.

Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu wexesha elifutshane eNtshona Afrika kukujongana nolona qhambuko lubi lwehlabathi kwimbali yesifo esibulalayo se-Ebola. Bangaphezu kwe-1,013 abantu ababhubhileyo kwaye uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ubhengeze ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane njengengxakeko yezempilo yehlabathi.

Uqhambuko lwamva nje lwaqala ngoFebruwari 2014 kwaye luchaphazela abantu baseGuinea, eLiberia naseSierra Leone. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, li-1,848 iimeko zesifo esosulelayo esixeliweyo.

Awona mazwe achaphazeleka kakhulu aya ngokwanda, kunye nokucuthwa okukhulu kwiinqwelomoya zamazwe ngamazwe kunye norhwebo olunqumla imida. Imida yomhlaba iyavalwa.

Amacandelo angundoqo afana nemigodi ne-oyile, axhomekeke kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwaye anamanani amaninzi abasebenzi bangaphandle, achaphazeleke kakhulu.

Ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola kudle uqoqosho lwaseLiberia i-12 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika phakathi kukaMatshi noJuni 2014 - iipesenti ezimbini zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwesizwe - ngokwemithombo esemthethweni.

Kodwa iNtshona Afrika ikwasisibane sempumelelo. ICape Verde, iGhana neSenegal zimi njengemizekelo yaseAfrika yedemokhrasi.

ILiberia iye yachacha emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya ethathe ixesha elide kunye nobundlobongela.

I-Ivory Coast, eyona mveliso iphambili yecocoa kwihlabathi, izinzile ngoku. Owayesakuba nguMongameli wayo uLaurent Gbagbo watyholwa ngokusesikweni ngolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu yiNkundla yaMazwe ngamazwe yoLwaphulo-mthetho (ICC).

I-Sierra Leone ibhalise ukukhula kweepesenti ze-20.1 kwi-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kwi-2013, nje iminyaka eyi-12 emva kokuphela kwemfazwe eyenziwa ngamadayimane egazi.

Kwaye iNigeria iwugqithile uMzantsi Afrika ukuba ibe lelona qoqosho likhulu eAfrika.

Ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseNtshona Afrika kuqhutywa yimithombo yendalo engekasetyenziswa, uzinzo lwezopolitiko, ukudityaniswa kommandla kunye nokwanda komgangatho wabathengi.

Iza kuba ngowona mmandla ukhula ngokukhawuleza ngo-2014-2015, ngokwengxelo yonyaka ye-African Economic Outlook, ukukhula okuqikelelwa phakathi kwe-6.7 kunye ne-7.4 yeepesenti.

I-China iye yaba ngumtyali-mali omkhulu kunye neqabane lokuqala lokurhweba kumazwe amaninzi aseNtshona Afrika kule minyaka ili-14 idlulileyo. IManyano yaseYurophu ityikitye iSivumelwano seNtsebenziswano kwezoQoqosho kunye namazwe ali-16 aseNtshona Afrika kwinyathelo lobuchule lokuya eBrussels. INtshona Afrika imele i-40 yeepesenti yorhwebo olupheleleyo phakathi kwe-EU kunye nemimandla yaseAfrika, iCaribbean kunye nePacific (ACP).

INtshona Afrika iba ngumthengisi omkhulu we-oyile, ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona. Ukungxama kwe-oyile kwaqala kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo emva kokufunyanwa okubalulekileyo kwe-offshore eGhana, nangona uphononongo lokuqala lusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1950s.

Indima yalo mmandla kwimveliso ye-oyile yehlabathi itsale iinkampani zeoyile ezinkulu zaseNtshona ngenxa yokuba kufutshane ngokwejografi, amafutha akumgangatho ophezulu kunye neemarike ezingenazithintelo.

Ukuzinza kwezopolitiko kunye nethekhnoloji yokuhlola engabizi kwaye ephuculweyo ibone amazwe afana neLiberia, iSierra Leone, iMauritania kunye neChad, avela njengabavelisi beoyile.

INtshona Afrika ikwatyebile ngezimbiwa, ingakumbi igolide nentsimbi. Imfuno yehlabathi yentsimbi ekrwada kulindeleke ukuba iphindeke kabini ngo-2030, iqhutywa yimfuno ekwandiseni uqoqosho lwemalike njenge China neIndiya.

Iidiphozithi zentsimbi ezibalulekileyo ezifunyenwe eGuinea, eSierra Leone, eSenegal, eMauritania, e-Ivory Coast naseCameroon ziye zanika ummandla i-mining boom entsha ekhulisa utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo - kulwakhiwo lukaloliwe kunye namazibuko - ukuthutha intsimbi ekrwada esuka kwimigodi ukuze ithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle.

Ezolimo, iivenkile ezithengisayo kunye neenkonzo zikwangamacandelo akhulayo akhulisa ingqesho nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kuzinzo lwezopolitiko, ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokunciphisa intlupheko. Imarike yabathengi ekhulayo eGhana, eGabon, eNigeria naseSenegal iqhutywa ngabantu abasakhulayo abaphakathi edolophini.

Amazwe ali-15 akwi-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) anabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300, kubandakanywa iNigeria, ingxilimbela yezoqoqosho ne-demographic e-Afrika.

Lo mmandla ulindele ukubona abemi basezidolophini benyuka ngezigidi ezingama-56 ngowama-2020. Ukukhula kwedolophu kugxile kunxweme lwalo mmandla kwizixeko ezinjengeAbidjan, Accra, Lagos, neDakar.

Kodwa izoyikiso zakudala kuzinzo, ezinje ngamazinga aphezulu entlupheko kunye nokwahluka kwezopolitiko, ziyaqhubeka kunye nemingcipheko emitsha yokhuseleko efana ne-petro piracy.

Ukuthutyeleziswa okukhulu kunye neemarike ezingekho mthethweni ziyanda. Ubuqhetseba nokurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni kuvelisa umvuzo omkhulu wonyaka kumaqela axhobileyo angengokarhulumente afana ne-al-Qaeda kwi-Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) kunye neMovement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO).

Ukuqhambuka kwe-Ebola kubeka esichengeni amathuba okukhula koqoqosho eSierra Leone naseLiberia. Bobabini oorhulumente babhengeze imeko yonxunguphalo kwaye bavala izikolo kunye neemarike.