I-Dreamliner iphambili kwi-Boeing njengoko imboni ijongene nokudodobala okunokwenzeka

Ngelixa unyaka ongaphambili kuqoqosho olubanzi ujongeka usoyikisa, icandelo le-aerospace kufuneka liqhube ngcono kunoninzi ngo-2009.

Zingcamla iindaba ezilungileyo ngoxa zisekho. Emva konyaka ozayo, ishishini linokutyibilika lingene emkhombeni.

Kuya kubakho iindawo eziqaqambileyo ngo-2009: I-787 Dreamliner kufuneka ibhabha ekugqibeleni ngehlobo elizayo.

Ngaphandle kokuhla okunyukayo kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, iinqwelomoya zase-US ziqikelela ngengeniso encinci ka-2009 emva kweminyaka yelahleko.

Kwaye nangona iBoeing ingazukuzisa naziphi na ii-Dreamliners ngo-2009, kufanele ukuba ikhuphe ezinye iinqwelomoya ezimalunga nama-480 ngonyaka.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zijonge ukulibaziseka okanye ukurhoxisa iiodolo, ukuqhuma kwenqwelomoya ngoku kucacile kwiradar.

Umhlalutyi we-Aerospace uRichard Aboulafia, weQela leTeal, ulindele ukuhla kwe-Boeing ngo-2010 kwaye kuhlale iminyaka emithathu ubuncinane - kwaye luqikelelo lwakhe olunethemba.

“Ukuba sicinga ukuba eyona nto imbi iphelile kubunzima bezemali, okuseleyo yiminyaka yokugrumba uqoqosho kunye neshishini,” utshilo uAboulafia. "Iya kuba yenye yezinto ezihlala ixesha elide eziphantsi."

Loo nto ayiniki themba kakhulu kumhlalutyi waseWall Street uJoe Campbell, waseBarclays Capital, olindele ukuthuthwa kweenqwelomoya ukuba kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kubuyekeke kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ngo-2010.

Iinqwelomoya ziya kufuna iinqwelomoya, utshilo uCampbell. I-Boeing inokufuna ukucotha imveliso kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2010, kodwa nakuphi na ukusikwa "akuyi kuba nzulu kwaye kwande." Indlela ummandla we-Puget Sound uvela kuyo nayiphi na i-aerospace-industry yehla kuxhomekeke kwi-787 Dreamliner.

Ukuba ababoneleli abanengxaki ye-787 kunye nokusebenza kwendibano kunokulungiswa kwaye imveliso ihambe, oko kungathatha uninzi lwentlungu ngaphandle nakuphi na ukuhla apha. Oko kuya kushiya i-Boeing ikwimo engcono kakhulu kunembangi yayo yaseYurophu, i-Airbus, yokumelana neengxaki zeshishini.

Iinqwelomoya zilahlekelwa ngabakhweli

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Asia kunye noMbindi Mpuma baye bahlamba i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus ngee-odolo ezinkulu.

Kodwa emva kweminyaka yokuthengisa irekhodi yakhe ukusilela okudityanisiweyo okuphantse kube ngama-7,500 ejethi kubenzi beenqwelomoya ezimbini, oko kukhula kumangalisayo kuphelile okwangoku.

Ingxaki yemali yehlabathi ilugungqisile uqoqosho lwaseTshayina oluqhutywa yimveliso kumazwe angaphandle. Ukuwa kwe-oyile kunye neemarike zezemali kuye kwaphazamisa uqoqosho lwe-bubble yase-Dubai, ikhaya le-airline ye-Emirates, eyalele i-51 yeejethi ze-Boeing kunye ne-58 Airbus A380 superjumbos.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela okukhulu kwiintengiso kunokudiliza ngokulula.

Iquka imiyalelo emikhulu evela kwiimbangi ezifana ne-Emirates kunye ne-Qantas ezixosha ezinye zezithuthi zomoya - "Ababini (iinqwelomoya) zibethelela umkhweli omnye," kusho u-Aboulafia. Abanakuphumelela bobabini kwimarike enye.

Ngayiphi na imeko, wathi, kukho ukusilela okukhulu ngexesha lokugqibela lokuhla kwenqwelomoya, ngo-2002-03 emva kohlaselo lwe-9/11. Iinqwelomoya zirhoxisiwe okanye zirhoxisiwe njengoko bezifuna, kwaye imveliso eBoeing yehla.

“I-odolo esemva yayingathethi nto ncam xa kwafika ixesha lokuhambisa iinqwelomoya,” utshilo uAboulafia.

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Boeing ka-2009 kukhuselekile, ngakumbi kuba ukuthenga inqwelomoya kukuzibophelela kokucwangcisa ixesha elide.

Kodwa njengoko iinqwelomoya zibona itrafikhi zisihla kakhulu, zirhoxisa ukuhanjiswa ngaphandle. Ukuba oko kuyaqhubeka, imveliso yeBoeing ngo-2010 iya kufuna ukucotha.

I-International Air Transport Association (IATA) kule nyanga iqikelela ukuba ukuthuthwa kweenqwelo moya zamazwe ngamazwe kuya kuhla ngeepesenti ezi-3 ngo-2009 kwaye iinqwelomoya kwihlabathi jikelele ziya kuphulukana ne-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, uMntla Merika, apho iinqwelomoya ziya kuphulukana nexabiso eliphantse libe ziibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeerandi ngo-2008, ngummandla kuphela oqikelelweyo ukuba wenze inzuzo encinci ngo-2009, malunga nezigidi ezingama-300 zeedola. Abathwali base-US, bashukunyiswa ngamaxabiso e-oyile atyumkileyo ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, banciphise iindleko kunye nomthamo wezithuthi kwaye ngoku bayaxhamla kumaxabiso aphantsi amafutha nanjengoko imfuno yabakhweli ihla.

Abathwali bendawo iAlaska Air Group inqumle malunga ne-1,000 labasebenzi kwaye yanciphisa iinqwelomoya zayo. Nangona izakufumana iijethi ezintsha zeBoeing ezili-11 ngo-2009, isacwangcisa ukunciphisa umthamo wabakhweli nge-9 ekhulwini ngaphezulu.

“Ngenxa yamanani abantu abangaphangeliyo, sikholelwa ukuba ibango labathengi liza kuba buthathaka,” utshilo uBill Ayer oyiNtloko yeAlaska.

IBoeing kunye neAirbus

Ingxaki yeenqwelo moya namhlanje imisela ikamva labenzi bejethi ngomso.

I-Airbus iya kubalisa intengiso eninzi kune-Boeing kulo nyaka. Ikhuphe iiodolo ezingama-756 kwinyanga ephelileyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-639 yeBoeing.

I-Airbus iya kukhupha i-Boeing ngomda obanzi, enkosi kuqhankqalazo lwe-Machinists oluye lwamisa imveliso e-Boeing kangangeenyanga ezimbini kokuwa.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Airbus ibonakala ibuthathaka ukuya kuNyaka oMtsha.

Isiseko sabathengi beBoeing siqinile kwaye sihluke. Ikota ye-Airbus ebanzi-umzimba ongasemva iphumle kwiinqwelo-moya ezintathu zaseMbindi Mpuma.

Nangona i-10 yeejethi zayo ezinedekhi ephindwe kabini ngoku zibhabha kwaye abakhweli banomdla, inkqubo ye-A380 ihleli ingumsebenzi obiza imali eninzi kwaye ocothayo ekwakhiweni kweenqwelomoya ezinkulu.

Imakethi yokwenyani yeyeAirbus entsha A350, ngenxa 2013 ukukhuphisana ngokuchasene 777 kunye 787.

I-Airbus yatyhalela phandle ukugqityezelwa koyilo lwe-A350 kulo nyaka uzayo. Kwaye inqwelomoya inokungahanjiswa kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2015, utshilo uDoug McVitie, owayesakuba ngumthengisi weAirbus kwaye ngoku ungumcebisi ngenqwelomoya eFrance.

Kwicala elimnandi le-Airbus, impikiswano eshushu malunga noncedo lwemali olunokwenzeka kwi-A350 evela koorhulumente baseYurophu ingaphulukana nokungxamiseka kwayo ngo-2009.

Kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo, urhulumente wase-US wafaka ityala kwi-European Union (EU) kunye ne-World Trade Organisation, ngokukodwa ukuvala iimali-mboleko ze-A350. I-EU yaphikisana ne-suit etyhola ukuba i-US ixhasa i-Boeing. Izigwebo zinokuza kunyaka ozayo kuwo omabini la matyala.

Kodwa umbono wokuba oorhulumente baxhase ishishini ngemali mboleko enkulu awubonakali ulihlazo emva kokukhutshwa kwebheyile kulo nyaka kwiibhanki, iinkampani zeinshurensi kunye nabenzi beemoto.

Thetha into onokuyenza malunga nokuxhasa i-A380, ngokuqinisekileyo iyoyisa i-Hummer,” utshilo u-Aboulafia.

Ithangi, inkcitho yokhuselo

Elo thuku linye lokukhusela ishishini laseMelika ngexesha lobunzima bezoqoqosho linokuba luncedo kwishishini lokhuselo likaBoeing.

Kulo nyaka, uBoeing waqala waphulukana nekhontrakthi yokuzalisa itanki yomkhosi wezigidi ngezigidi zeedola kwishishini elidibeneyo phakathi kweNorthrop Grumman kunye nomzali we-Airbus i-EADS, kodwa ukhetho lwejethi ye-Airbus A330 ngaphezulu kwe-Boeing's 767 yachithwa yiPentagon emva kokuba iBoeing iqhankqalaze kunye neWashington state. kunye nabathunywa beCongress yaseKansas balinganisiwe. Ukhuphiswano luyanqunyanyiswa de kufike ulawulo luka-Obama.

U-Loren Thompson, umhlalutyi wezokhuselo kunye ne-Lexington Institute, uthe kukhuphiswano oluhlaziyiweyo, "Ukuhla koqoqosho kuthetha ukuba uqoqosho lwelizwe luya kudlala indima enkulu."

U-Boeing naye uya kufumana inzuzo yezopolitiko kwinkxaso yayo yimibutho kunye neeDemocrats kwiCongress.

UThompson uthe akalindele sigqibo esitsha setanki phambi kuka-2010.

“NgeeDemokhrasi ezilawulayo, iBoeing inokuthintela nantoni na,” utshilo. "Baziva ngathi ixesha lisecaleni labo."

Kwenye indawo, nangona kunjalo, icandelo lokhuselo likaBoeing lisengozini. Ingxaki yezoqoqosho ithetha ukuba ukucuthwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-Pentagon kuqinisekile.

Iinkqubo ezimbini ezinkulu zeBoeing, ukhuselo lwemijukujelwa kunye neNkqubo yokuNwa kwekamva loMkhosi, zezona kujoliswe kuzo.

Unjalo umlo ophambili we-Lockheed Martin F-22. Bangaphezulu kwewaka abasebenzi bokhuselo be-Boeing bakha amaphiko e-F-22 kunye ne-fuselage yangasemva eSeattle.

U-Thompson uthe into enye kwibhajethi yokukhusela ingaba yi-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-Boeing: I-Navy ifuna ukuyalela ubuncinane i-100 ye-jet fighters ye-jet ye-Super Hornet eyakhiwe eSt.

Kwindawo ye-aerospace kwingingqi ye-Puget Sound, nangona kunjalo, iprojekthi enye kuphela yenqwelomoya enokuthintela awona maxesha amabi.

Ngo-2009, uBoeing kufuneka abuyisele i-Dreamliner endleleni.