Ukususwa okuqinisekileyo kwe IAlitalia (AZ) njengenkampani eyinkunzi yoluntu, i-Extrema Ratio (isisombululo sokugqibela), ilindele i-EU Placet (ukuvunywa) ngenxa yomyalelo oqinileyo wezopolitiko.
Okwangoku, ulawulo lwayo luphathiswe uFrancesco Caio, uMongameli, owaziwayo kwihlabathi lonxibelelwano, kunye noFabio Maria Lazzerini Ceo, owayesakuba ngumphathi welizwe le-Emirates Airlines kwaye okwethutyana i-CBO ngaphakathi eAlitalia, bobabini bakholelwa ukuba ziingcali ezinokuthenjwa. kwicandelo leenqwelo moya.
Uphawu lobume beAlitalia okanye amabhongo?
Kude kube ziinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, xa becinga ngokubuya kukarhulumente wase-Itali kulawulo lwezothutho lomoya bekuthathwa njengobunewunewu ku-tycoon wase-Arab, watsho amagqabantshintshi ase-Italiya. Abapolitiki akufuneki balibale ixesha leesimboli zobume kwi-Italian emva kwexesha lesibini lemfazwe (ngo-1945) xa babonisa ukoyiswa kwendlala.
Ukuthelekiswa ne-Italiya akuphikisani nezinto ezidlulileyo. Isimboli yesimo kunye namabhongo awafanelekanga kwilizwe elinoqoqosho oluyintlekele kunye nekamva elingaqinisekanga ngaphandle kwemvume yezemali ye-EU, umlilo wokubuyisela okwexeshana ngaphandle kwenkxaso yemizi-mveliso efayo kunye nee-SME ukuyigcina ingacimi. Kodwa isizukulwana sangoku sezopolitiko sincinci, kwaye kuyacaca ukuba asivavanyi esidlulileyo.
I-Alitalia, i-tricolor yase-Italiya esibhakabhakeni sehlabathi
Ukusukela ekuzalweni kwayo, i-AZ ibiliqhayiya kunye nomfuziselo wamaTaliyane awayengalazi igalelo lawo eliphezulu kulondolozo lwayo kwaye engahoywanga nolawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nezinto ezingekho mthethweni (iimali zikarhulumente) ezingazange zichazwe eluntwini.
Iinkokeli ze-AZ kwiminyaka yayo yegolide (xa kuthelekiswa nexesha lethu) ziye zalawula inkampani inikezela ngeendleko, nangakumbi ekuqeshweni kwabasebenzi abayalelwa kukutyhalwa kwezopolitiko ngaphaya koko bekuyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo. Iiakhawunti ezibomvu zihlala zivuselelwa ngurhulumente kwaye uluvo loluntu lwalugcinwe ebumnyameni.
IAlitalia, ubalo maxesha lokuwa
Ukusuka kwi-2006 ukuya kwi-2020 ngeminyaka eli-14 ngaphezulu yolawulo olubi, isishwankathelo se- ukusilela komphathi weflegi zingenziwa kwiRepetita iuvant (Kuyanceda ukuphinda).
“U-1996 ngunyaka we-AZ wokuqala wezoqoqosho olahlekileyo: i-625 yezigidi zeerandi kumaxabiso wangoku. Urhulumente kaLamberto Dini, ophethe inkampani ngokusebenzisa i-IRI (elawulwa ngurhulumente kwiofisi yotyalo-mali), uvuma ukonyuswa kwemali eyi-1.5 yezigidigidi yemali yakudala "yelire". Yayiyinto yokuqala kuthotho olude lokuhlangulwa. Imali yabarhafi, nangona kunjalo, yayingonelanga ukubuyisela iAlitalia. Ukusuka kwi-1974 ukuya kwi-2014 kuphela, inkampani ixabise ama-Italiya i-17.4 yezigidigidi zeerandi, ngokwezibalo zeMediobanca.
UGiancarlo Cimoli luphawu lwenkunkuma ka-Alitalia. U-CEO otyunjiweyo ngo-2004 ngomvuzo wonyaka we-2.8 yezigidi ze-euro wathembisa ukulungelelanisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, wagwetywa kunye nabanye abaphathi abaphezulu aba-3 ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-8.8 (6.6 kunye no-6.5 kwabo babesebenza naye) ngobuqhetseba obubandakanya ukurhoxiswa ngokungekho mthethweni kweebhiliyoni ezimbalwa zeerandi). Ufumene i-3 yezigidi zeerandi njenge "xhawula kwegolide" ukushiya ngelixa i-AZ yayitshona. Akulunganga kwibanjwa.
Ayikwazi ukulwa nokhuphiswano lwexabiso eliphantsi, i-AZ yatshona kwilahleko eqhubekayo kwaye yayiza kutshona.
Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2006, iNkulumbuso ye-Romano Prodi yathetha-thethana ne-Air France-Klm ukuthengisa i-AZ. Umphathi we-Franco-Dutch wanikezela nge-1.7 yezigidigidi zeerandi ukufunxa i-AZ kwaye wacela ukusikwa kwabasebenzi abangama-2,100. Ukungena emandleni kungekudala emva kokuba uSilvio Berlusconi erhoxise esi sivumelwano ngegama elithi "Italiyane" kwaye uAlitalia wathengiswa kwiqela lookrebe elalikhokelwa nguRoberto Colaninno. Ababizwa ngokuba "ngabaphathi abanesibindi" banikezela ngokutyalomali ngokulinganayo kumaFrentshi, kodwa akavuma ukuthatha amatyala. I-CAI (inqwelo moya yase-Italiya) yenziwa apho imisebenzi enenzuzo ye-AZ iphele. Inkampani endala, egcwele amatyala kunye nabasebenzi abangaphezulu kwemfuneko, iye yonakala.
Ngaphandle kokungena kwabantu abatsha abatsha, ilahleko ziyaqhubeka. Kwi-2014, u-Etihad, ophethe iflegi ye-Abu Dhabi, weza kunceda i-AZ. U-Emir Al Nahyan uthenge iipesenti ezingama-49 zenqwelo-moya. Iibhanki ziye zarhoxa kwinxalenye yebango kwaye abasebenzi abangama-2,251 be-AZ babekwa bucala. UJames Hogan, umphathi olawulayo wokuqala we-Etihad, wathembisa ukuguqula inzuzo ngaphakathi konyaka we-2017, isithembiso esingasazalisekiyo.
UCarlo Verri, indoda eyayiza kusindisa u-Alitalia, yathintelwa ngumntu wonke ngeeprojekthi zakhe zokufumana kwakhona kwaye wasweleka kwingozi yemoto emva konyaka womsebenzi.
NgoJulayi 2020: Isilumkiso soMphathiswa Wezophuhliso
UStefano Patuanelli, uMphathiswa woPhuhliso, unethemba lokuba uCaio noLazzerini (iinkokheli ezintsha ze-AZ) banako ukuziphepha zonke iimpazamo zexesha elidlulileyo kwaye bangaphenjelelwa kukhetho lwezopolitiko olungahambelaniyo nemarike (uxele amaphepha-ndaba esizwe) kwaye wongeze wathi: " Imbali yeAlitalia ibonisa ukuba iimpazamo ziye zenziwa rhoqo ngumnini zabelo woluntu (urhulumente) kunokuba kwenziwe ngabaphathi. Umahluko wokwenene kwixesha elidlulileyo kukuba i-COVID-19 ilicaphukisile lonke icandelo, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-AZ iqala kwinqanaba lezinye iinqwelomoya zaseYurophu. ”
Inyani yahlukile: I-Alitalia iqalile ngenkunzi engafanelekanga ye-3 yezigidigidi ze-euro. Ukwaphulwa komthetho 19/8/16 nr. 175 ngokubhekisele kwiinkampani ezixhaswe yimali zikarhulumente ezithi "nabani na osengxakini yemali ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 1, 2020 akanakho ukufumana olu hlobo loncedo."
U-Alitalia, nangona kunjalo, uqhubeka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngekamva, eshiya ngasemva ulawulo olungalunganga lweebhiliyoni ezininzi. Ngapha koko, inyani ibonisa ukuba bobabini abanini zabelo kunye nabaphathi benza iimpazamo ezifanayo.
Nditsho noqoqosho lweenqwelomoya ezinkulu zaseYurophu (kodwa hayi kuphela) zonakaliswe yi-COVID-19, kunyanzeleke ukuba babhenele kwimali mboleko zikarhulumente kwaye kuphunyezwe ukuncitshiswa kwabasebenzi ngelixa i-AZ igcine inani labo labasebenzi elinomdla kwaye ifumana izibonelelo zoqoqosho.
Imizekelo emibini yokuziphatha kukarhulumente echanekileyo
- I-Thai Airways yaMazwe ngaMazwe: Ukunyuka kwabantu baseThai ngokuchasene nokuqhubeka nokunikezelwa kwemali yoluntu kulawulo lwenkohliso kubangele urhulumente ukuba athathe izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo.
- Iliso elibukhali lowayesakuba yi-Nkulumbuso yase-Singapore u-Lee Kuan Yew.
Kwimvelaphi yokusekwa kwe-MSA, ngelo xesha iSingapore Airlines (SIA), kwisikhundla sakhe sokuyalela, u-Lee Kuan Yew waduduma wathi: “I-SIA ayizukufumana nkxaso-mali kurhulumente kwaye ayizukubhabhela iwonga lelizwe. Ukuziphatha kwayo kufuneka kube kurhwebo rhoqo kwaye kufuneka kuvelise impilo-ntle yelizwe! Iimpazamo kukhetho lwentengiso kunye namathuba ziya kubiza ukuvalwa okungaguqukiyo. Ukuhlawulwa kweerhafu njengayo nayiphi na inkampani yabucala nako kunyanzelekile ngaphandle kokunyamezeleka nakuphi na ukulibaziseka okanye ukushiyeka. Umbuso kuphela ovumayo: imali mboleko yezigidi ezingama-31.5 zeedola zaseMelika ngo-1974 zacinywa zinomdla ngo-1978.
Umphathiswa wase-Itali Paola De Micheli
Umphathiswa weziseko zophuhliso kunye nezothutho, uPaola de Micheli, kwinkomfa noonondaba kutshanje: "Siyaqhubeka nokufunxa abasebenzi abaninzi (isenzo, mhlawumbi sele siqalile), kuba isicwangciso seemodyuli siza kusikhokelela ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ka-2022 ukubheka phambili. iinqwelomoya ezininzi ezinde kakhulu. Kwaye asizukufaka isicelo sokuncitshiswa kwabasebenzi. ” Isidingo sokusinda kwelizwe liphela sibekelwa bucala ukuze kugcinwe i-AZ iphila, ithathwa kuphela “njengophawu lobume.”
Ezinye iziqendu zolawulo olubi kwisithuba sika-2014-2017 sanyanzela i-AZ kumkhomishinala wolwaphulo-mthetho lokuqhekeza ngobuqhetseba, ubuxoki kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, kunye nomqobo kwimisebenzi yokujonga, imeko ngokutsho kweCodacons, (Uluhlu lwabathengi) utsale amawaka wabanini zabelo abancinci enzonzobileni okwesibini. Aba, bahlanganisene eklasini ngokuchasene no-Alitalia, baphumelele ityala, kodwa abakayifumana imbuyiselo okwangoku.
Isenzo seCodacons
I-Codacons ikulungele ukucela umngeni ku-Alitalia wokuhlangulwa ngokutsha ngemali yoluntu e-Yuropu emva kweendaba zokufakwa kwi "Cura Italia" (umthetho wenqaku eligunyazisa ukuyilwa kwenkampani entsha elawulwa ngokupheleleyo liSebe lezoQoqosho nezezimali okanye ilawulwa ngu inkampani enenxaxheba yoluntu ngokubanzi okanye engathanga ngqo).
"Esi sisonyeliso esinyanzelekileyo ukuba iYurophu inyanzeleke ukuba siyithintele," kubhala uCodacons, "ubuzwe be-AZ buza kubandakanya inkunkuma enkulu yemali yoluntu, izixhobo ekuza kuthi ngalo mzuzu wobunzima belizwe zimiselwe amanye amacandelo, kwaye hayi ngokuqinisekileyo zixhwilwe ukuzalisa ulawulo olulihlazo lwenqwelo moya. ”
Ke ngoko, iiCodacons, ezikhumbula indlela ukunqunyanyiswa kwe-AZ kuluchithe uluntu ngayo enye i-9 yezigidigidi kule minyaka idlulileyo, ikulungele ukubhena kwiKhomishini yaseYurophu ukuba ivimbe olunye ungenelelo ngemali yoluntu kwinkampani yeenqwelo moya.
U-Mario Masciullo (ngasekhohlo) kunye ne-MD ye-Malaysia Singapore Airlines kwi-apron e-FCO Airport eRoma emva koqhagamshelo lokuqala lwe-Singapore-Rome nge-1 kaJuni ngo-1971.
Umbhali ufumene ukukhula kweenqwelomoya zase-Italiya ukusuka ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1989. Ukusukela ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1967, wayengumphathi wentengiso kwiBritish European Airways yasePiedmont ezinze eTurin; ukusukela ngo-1968 ukuya ku-1970, wayesebenzela iDSM eMantla e-Italiya kwi-East African Airways; ukusukela ngeyoMqungu ngo-1971 ukuya ku-Okthobha u-1972, wayengumsunguli wee-Malaysia Singapore Airlines e-Itali kwisikhundla soMphathi welizwe e-Itali; kwaye ukusukela ngo-Okthobha u-1972 ukuya ku-Novemba 1989, wayenguMphathi weNtengiso e-Italiya ye-Singapore Airlines.
# ulwakhiwo
