I-Arusha, eTanzania (eTN) – Urhulumente ubhengeze ngokusesikweni isicwangciso sakhe sokutyhila owona mzila weenyawo wezilwanyana ezindala ezingcwatywe ngokutsha kwindawo yaseLaitole kuMntla weTanzania ngenxa yolondolozo kunye nokhenketho.
Ifunyanwe nguGqr Mary Leakey ngo-1978, iimitha ze-23 ubude beenyawo kwisiza saseLaetole yayiyi-1995 igutyungelwe ngomgangatho okhuselekileyo wokukhusela emva kokuba kuthiwa baqala ukuwohloka ngokuvezwa. Ukusukela ngoko iingoma ezineminyaka eyi-3.6 yezigidi azikavulwa kubakhenkethi abaphantse babe ngama-400,000 ngonyaka abandwendwela indawo yaseLaitole kwiNdawo yoLondolozo lweNgorongoro.
Ephawula iminyaka engama-50 yokufunyanwa kokakayi lwendoda yokuqala, ekukholelwa ukuba yeyona indala kwimbali yezinto zakudala zehlabathi, uSekela Mphathiswa weMithombo yeNdalo kunye noKhenketho u-Ezekiel Maige uthe isiqingatha seendlela ezili-14 ezindala ziya kutyhilwa kubini. iminyaka ixesha.
"Izazinzulu ngoku zifunda ngendlela eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yeenyawo zomntu zokuqala ezinokutyhilwa kwaye zigcinwe," utshilo uMaige ngoLwesine emva nje kokumisela i-50th ye-Golden Anniversaries ye-Zinjanthropus Discovery kunye nokusekwa kweepaki ezimbini ezidumileyo zabakhenkethi e-Afrika, i-Serengeti National Park kunye ne-Ngorongoro Conservation Area. .
Ephendula umbuzo obuzwe yile ntatheli, uMaige uthe eli phulo libhongo lokutyhila umkhondo lizakuthatha ixesha kuba sisicwangciso esikhulu esibandakanya izifundo zenzululwazi kunye neendleko ezifikelela kwiibhiliyoni zemali.
Ukuphawula, umlawuli weSebe laseTanzania lase-Antiqutie, i-arhente ejongene ne-Laetoli indawo yeenyawo, u-Donatius Kamamba uthe baye basebenzisana nososayensi wendawo ukuba bafunde kwaye beze "nemephu yendlela" ekutyhileni iinyawo. "Imephu yendlela yesayensi iya kubandakanya zonke iimfuno zeenyawo ukuba zibonakaliswe ngokukhuselekileyo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuzigcina kunye neendleko" uDkt Kamamba wachaza.
UMongameli uJakaya Kikwete, osele engumndwendweli rhoqo kwiNdawo yoLondolozo lweNgorongoro, akazange onwabe kungcwatywa kwakhona kwaye wayalela abasemagunyeni ukuba bavumbulule ezona ndlela zindala zabantu ngenxa yokhenketho.
“UMongameli uKikwete akazange afumane sizathu kwaphela sokuqhubeka nokugubungela le ndawo inokuba nomtsalane kubakhenkethi. Uye wayalela ukuba kutyhilwe iingoma ukuze kuxhamle iindwendwe zethu ezithandekayo, ”umncedisi womgcini wezinto zakudala, uGodfrey Ole Moita, uxelele uMgcini walo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ibambela le-NCAA yomgcini-mgcini oyintloko uBernard Murunya uyavumelana nengxoxo kamongameli yokutyhila umkhondo. “Ndiyavumelana noMongameli wethu uKikwete ukuba xa sele kuvulwe umkhondo, iya kuba yinto eyongezelelweyo yokutsala abakhenkethi kwaye abakhenkethi abaninzi baya kugxalathelana ukuza kubona iingoma,” ucacise watsho uMrunya.
Isibhengezo sikarhulumente sokuvula isiza singabona isiqalo sesiphelo sokuvuselela ingxoxo malunga nendlela yokukhusela iingoma ezineminyaka eyi-3.6 yezigidi ubudala.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingcali ziye zavakalisa uloyiko lokugcinwa kweenyawo zomntu omdala, zisithi imozulu iqalisile ukujongela phantsi ezo zikhuselo, iphakamisa inkxalabo yokuba imibhalo egcinwe kwindawo yothuthu lwentaba-mlilo inokwenzakala ngenxa yokhukuliseko, imfuyo okanye abantu.
Iye yakhuthaza isazi ngembali yabantu baseTanzania uCharles Musiba ukuba acele ukwenziwa kwemyuziyam entsha ukuze kutyhilwe kwaye kuboniswe imibhalo eyimbali.
Kodwa izazi zenzululwazi zamazwe angaphandle ziyayibuza le ngcamango - njengoko zenzayo xa iingoma zigutyungelwe - kuba iLaetoli iqhuba iiyure ezininzi ukuya kwiNdawo yoLondolozo yaseNgorongoro, okwenza ukugada nokugcina nasiphi na indawo kube nzima kakhulu.
UMusiba uthe thaca isindululo sakhe semyuziyam kutshanje kwiNgqungquthela yaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoLondolozo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweeNyawo zeHominid, eMzantsi Korea. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iTanzania okwangoku inamandla enzululwazi kunye nemali yokwakha nokubeka iliso kwimyuziyam. “Ndiziva ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndiwukhuphe lo mba,” utshilo uMsiba. “Iimeko zangoku zibonisa ukuba ukhuselo lolokwexeshana. Imyuziyam epheleleyo inokuba yinxalenye yendlela yokuhamba yabakhenkethi. "
Kodwa lo mbono wabakhathaza abanye abaphandi abafana ne-anthropologists uTim White weYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, kunye noTerry Harrison kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York. Baphakathi kweqela elithanda ukusika yonke ingoma kwinduli yeSatman, emva koko bayifake kwimyuziyam kwisixeko saseTanzania, nokuba yiDar-es-Salaam okanye iArusha.
“Ukuba zithe zabhaqwa, ziya kuba ngumazibuthe wenkathazo,” utshilo uMhlophe. "Emva koko iiprinta ziya kugugiswa."
Nangona kunjalo, uKamamba uye wabonisa ukumangaliswa kwingxelo yokhukuliseko kunye nesiphakamiso semyuziyam, ethembisa i-arhente yakhe ukuba iphande indawo, kodwa uyabuza ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukuhambisa ibhedi yomlotha enokuthi iqhekeke.
Umaleko wokhuselo okhoyo ngoku wakhiwa ziingcaphephe zeGetty Conservation Institute eLos Angeles. Umaleko wobumdaka wawubekwe phezu kwemizila yeenyawo ngabaphandi abafana noLeakey noMhlophe.
Kodwa imbewu yomnga ayizange ihluzwe emhlabeni, ngoko imithi yaqalisa ukukhula, isongela ukukrazula umaleko wothuthu lwentaba-mlilo.
Abalondolozi beGetty uNeville Agnew kunye noMartha Demas basusa umaleko omdala kunye nokukhula, bagquma imibhalo ngemethi yelaphu ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukungena kwamanzi, emva koko bayigubungela ngomhlaba ocociweyo kunye namatye ngo-1995.
Oku kusebenze kakuhle de kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo xa iimvula ezandayo zazalisa imisele ejikelezileyo ngentlenga, nto leyo eyakhokelela kukhukuliseko oluveza imiphetho yemethi.
Bonke bayavuma ukuba imathi ifuna ukugqunywa ngokukhawuleza, ukuba kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, abantu besizwe sasekuhlaleni bazame ukuyisusa ukwenzela ezinye izinto.
Kodwa isisombululo sexesha elide sisesengxoxweni. UMongameli uKikwete ucinga ukuba kungakuhle ukushiya umkhondo apho abakhenkethi banokufikelela kwaye bawaxabise amathrekhi.
ITanzania iphawula esi sikhumbuzo sibalulekileyo solondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nendalo emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane yokusekwa kweepaki ezimbini ezidumileyo zabakhenkethi eAfrika, iSerengeti National Park kunye neNgorongoro Conservation Area, ngeliso lokukhuthaza iziza.
Ngokuhambelana neepaki ezimbini, ezikhethekileyo e-Afrika, abembi bezinto zakudala babhiyozela iminyaka engama-50 yokufunyanwa kokakayi lwendoda yokuqala, ekukholelwa ukuba yeyona indala kwimbali yezinto zakudala zehlabathi.
Ngaphakathi kweNdawo yoLondolozo lweNgorongoro kukho iOlduvai Gorge, apho uGqr noNkskz. Leakey bafumana intsalela ye-1.75 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala ye-Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') kunye ne-Homo habilis, ebonisa ukuba iintlobo zabantu zaqala ukuvela kule ndawo.
Iindawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ze-paleontological kunye ne-archaeological emhlabeni, i-Olduvai Gorge kunye nesayithi ye-Laetoli Footprint e-Ngarusi zifumaneka ngaphakathi koMmandla woLondolozo lwe-Ngorongoro. Okunye okufunyanisiweyo okubalulekileyo kusenokwenziwa kwindawo.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo iSerengeti National Park yeyona ndawo yaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ayinakulinganiswa ngobuhle bayo bendalo kunye nexabiso lenzululwazi. Ngeenqukazi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, isiqingatha sesigidi sebhadi likaThomson, kunye nekota yesigidi seqwarhashe, inezona zilwanyana zininzi ezenza amathafa eAfrika. Inqu kunye neqwarha phezu koko zenza isakhelo seenkwenkwezi esinomtsalane okhethekileyo - imfuduko yaminyaka le yaseSerengeti.
