Kwaneminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo, akukho mntu wayecinga ukuba ukuthandana kuya kwenzeka kwi-Intanethi, kungekhona kwisitrato, kwaye kuya kuba lula ukusombulula imisebenzi yezibalo usebenzisa ikhompyutha. Oku kusebenza nakwizazisi zethu. Iipasipoti zedijithali zenza ubomi bethu bube lula kwaye zisisindise ixesha. Ukuwuqonda lo mba, masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni incwadana yokundwendwela yedijithali.
Yintoni Passport Digital
A ipasipoti yedijithali luxwebhu olunika ilungelo lokushiya ilizwe kwaye ungene kumazwe angaphandle. Ipaspoti yedijithali ihluke kwisiqhelo kuba ine-chip ekhethekileyo efakwe kuyo equkethe ifoto enamacala amabini omnini wayo, kunye nedatha yakhe: igama lokugqibela, igama lokuqala, i-patronymic, umhla wokuzalwa, inombolo yepasipoti, umhla wokukhutshwa kunye nokuphelelwa kwexesha.
Kutheni kufanelekile, uyabuza. Inyaniso yokuba ngoku awudingi ukuma emgceni iiyure ezininzi kulawulo lwepaspoti ngelixa umqeshwa ehlola lonke ulwazi malunga nomntu.
Ukongeza, iminwe yakho iya kufakwa kwipaspoti yedijithali, okanye endaweni yoko kwi-chip ebekwe kwipaspoti yedijithali. Oko kukuthi, xa unemibuzo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ugqithe kuqinisekiso olude lwesazisi.
Kukho amazwe amathathu ehlabathini iipaspoti zedijithali kufuneka ilingane namanye amazwe: Finland (2017), Norway (2018), United Kingdom (2020).
Kutheni le nto iincwadana zokundwendwela zala mazwe kufuneka zilingane namanye amazwe? Ngenxa yokuba baye bafumana intembelo kumbandela wonqabiseko. Bekunye naba, bayadibana 4 iimfuno:
- Uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo lweencwadana zokundwendwela zedijithali;
- Uhlaziyo kwiindlela zokhuseleko, nto leyo ethetha ukukhuselwa ngcono kubunyani kunye nokulahleka kolwazi lomntu;
- Ukuqaliswa kwe-microprocessor, ngenxa yokuba kwanele ukuba udlule ngepasipoti yokuhamba yedijithali ngesango elikhethekileyo;
- Itekhnoloji ethembekileyo kunye noyilo olucacileyo.
Ukwengeza, Izicwangciso zaseFinland ukuba ibe lilizwe lokuqala ehlabathini ukuvumela abemi balo ukuba bahambe ngaphandle kwepaspoti yephepha kwaphela. Kuya kukwanela ukuba ube nefowuni yomsebenzi kunye nawe kunye nesicelo esifakwe kuyo, apho ikopi yepasipoti yakho yokuhamba iya kubakho.
Ingaba iPaspoti yeDijithali ikhutshwa ixesha elingakanani?
Ipaspoti ye-biometric, njengepaspoti eqhelekileyo, ikhutshwe ixesha leminyaka eyi-10, emva koko kufuneka itshintshwe. Kucacile ukuba ukuba i-visa-free regime ayiziswa kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye uhamba kakhulu, unokufuneka uyitshintshe kwangaphambili - ukuba amaphepha e-visa kunye neetampu zokuwela umda ziphela.
Iipasipoti zedijithali zabantwana kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo (kanye emva kweminyaka emi-4), konke ngenxa yokuba abantwana batshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona kukwaxhomekeke kwimithetho yelizwe.
Ukuze wenze ipasipoti yedijithali, uya kufuna kwakhona ifoto. Zama ukukhangela i I-booth yemifanekiso yepaspoti ekufutshane kwi-intanethi.
IiPaspoti zeDijithali kwihlabathi liphela
Estoniya
I-Estonia yaqala ukukhupha iipaspoti zedijithali kwi-2007. Ngeli xesha, iipasipoti zedijithali e-Estonia ziye zaphucula kwaye zikhuselekile ngakumbi.
IRiphabhlikhi yaseBelarus
E-Belarus, i-batch yokuvavanya i-passports yedijithali ikhutshwe ngo-2012, kodwa ukukhutshwa kubemi kwaqala kuphela kwi-2021.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo lelokuba iipaspoti ezindala azidingeki ukuba zibuyiswe. Kuya kwenzeka ukuba kubekho ezimbini.
Yukreyini
E-Ukraine, izinto zahamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuba eBelarus, iprojekthi yabekwa phambili ukuba iqwalaselwe ngo-2012. Kwaye yaqala ukusebenza sele isele i-2014. Ngo-2015, ukutshintshwa kweepaspoti eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwidijithali kwaqala.
Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Russian Federation
La mazwe mathathu aqala ukukhupha iipaspoti zedijithali ngexesha elifanayo phakathi kwe-2009 kunye ne-2011.
i-USA
Iipasipoti zedijithali azifumananga ukuthandwa kakhulu eMelika. Uninzi lwabantu luloyika ulawulo olupheleleyo lukarhulumente phezu kwabantu. Kwakhona, ukuthandwa okuncinci kweepaspoti zedijithali kwaphenjelelwa yinyaniso yokuba akudingeki ukuba ube nepasipoti kunye nawe eMelika, ilayisenisi yokuqhuba nje yanele. Kwaye phesheya, abantu baseMelika babhabha kumapasi aqhelekileyo ephepha.
Iipassports zedijithali nazo zine: Latvia, Mongolia, Moldova, Poland, Israel, Pakistan, njl.
Njengoko ubona, iipassports zedijithali zisathandwa namhlanje. Kuba sihlala singxamile kwenye indawo, iipassports zedijithali zisigcina ixesha lethu. Enkosi kubo, akufuneki sime kwimigca emide yeekhilomitha kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya, njl.
Ikamva leePaspoti zeDijithali
Eyona nto iphambili ibisoloko ilukhuseleko.
Malunga neminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo, oorhulumente behlabathi lonke basiqinisekisa ukuba ipasipoti yedijithali ayinakwenziwa. Yaye mhlawumbi benza impazamo okanye baxoka. Emva koko, enye inzululwazi yaseHolland yakwazi ukuyenza. Iipasipoti ezimbini zedijithali zabantu abakhoyo ngokwenene zathathwa njengesiseko sovavanyo, kwaye idatha yabo yatshintshwa ngedatha yomnqolobi u-Hiba Darghmeh, kwaye u-Osama bin Laden waba ngumntu wesibini.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kuboniswe ukuba sesichengeni kweencwadana zokundwendwela zedijithali.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, sinokuthi ukususela ngelo xesha ihlabathi liye lahambela phambili.
Rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa, inkqubo yokhuseleko lwepaspoti yebhayometriki ihlaziywa kwaye iphuculwe. Ukongeza koku, iipasipoti zedijithali zifumana ukuthandwa kakhulu. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kuba kulungele. Endaweni yokuma emgceni omde. Ungaya kwidesika eyahlukileyo yokungena, ipasipoti yakho iya kuskenwa kwaye kwimizuzu embalwa yonke idatha iya kuqinisekiswa.
Asazi ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwiminyaka eyi-10. Sinokucinga kuphela ukuba ukuchonga siya kufuna kuphela ifowuni kunye nesicelo esifakwe ngokukodwa ngekhowudi ye-QR okanye ngokulula ngepasipoti yakho eskeniweyo. Ngoku kunyanzelekile ukuba uthathe ifoto yepaspoti, kodwa ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo akuyi kuba yimfuneko.
