Ishishini langoku lokuhamba ngenqanawa lazalwa ngeminyaka yoo-1960 xa ixesha leenqanawa zolwandle laphela ngokufika kohambo lomoya onqumlayo. I-Ocean Liners yayikwincopho yazo yobuhle kunye neteknoloji xa ihlabathi lafumana into entsha nengcono, kwaye ngequbuliso amawaka abantu abanobuchule abasebenza kumakhulu eenqanawa ayengasafunwa. Akunjalo rhoqo ukuba imboni yomelele kwaye ibaluleke njengeenqanawa zolwandle ziphelelwa lixesha phantse ngobusuku.
Iinqanawa zanamhlanje zokuhamba ngenqanawa zilungelelwaniso lwaseMelika lwesithethe saseYurophu solwandle. Ngelixa uninzi lweshishini le-ocean liner livela eYurophu, elinamagama afana neCunard, iHolland America kunye neHapag Lloyd; ishishini langoku lokuhamba ngenqanawa laqala kwaye latyatyamba eMelika ngamagama afana neCarnival Corp., iRoyal Caribbean International kunye ne-NCL. INew York kunye neLos Angeles zidlale indima kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuhamba ngenqanawa, kodwa yayiyiMiami eyavelisa eyona ndlela yanamhlanje yokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ukuqala ngeminyaka yee-1970s amaMerika athatha uhambo olukhulu, kodwa iinqanawa ababehamba ngazo zazinabasebenzi abaninzi baseYurophu kunye nabasebenzi.
Abantu baseYurophu banesithethe eside, esityebileyo sokwakha kunye nokuhamba ngeenqanawa zabakhweli, kodwa ubukhulu becala baqala ukusebenzela imakethi yaseMelika kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuhamba ngenqanawa. Iindlela ezincinci zokuhamba ngenqanawa zaseYurophu zavela, ezinje ngePullmantur yaseSpain okanye iAida yaseJamani, kusetyenziswa iinqanawa ezazifudula zisetyenziselwa ulwandle njengeenqanawa zolonwabo, kodwa ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2000 uhambo ngenqanawa njengeholide lwalungekho kwi-radar yabantu baseYurophu xa kuthelekiswa nokwanda kwemarike yokuhamba ngenqanawa eMelika. . Xa i-American cruise industry ingene kwi-10% yabemi base-US, uninzi lwamazwe aseYurophu lwalusekwipesenti enye ukuya kwezine.
Oku kwaqala ukutshintsha ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 xa inqanawa yase-Italiya eneminyaka engama-60 ubudala, iCosta Crociere, yafunyanwa yi-US-based Carnival Corporation. Eyona nkampani iphumeleleyo yokukhenketha ehlabathini, iCarnival Corp. nayo ifumene iHolland America kunye neCunard Lines.
ICosta, ngoku iphantsi kweCarnival, yayinombono omtsha wokuhamba ngenqanawa eYurophu. Kanye njengokuba ilizwekazi laliceba ukuba yiManyano yaseYurophu, iCosta yabona umbono wendlela yokuqala yokuhamba ngenqanawa yaseYurophu ukuze ibonelele ngeenqanawa zale mihla, zohlobo lwaseMelika kwimarike yonke yaseYurophu. Ingcamango yayikukwandisa umqobo wolwimi ngokuhambisa yonke into ebhodini ngeelwimi ezintlanu; IsiTaliyane, isiFrentshi, iSpanish, isiJamani kunye nesiNgesi.
Uhambo lokuzonwabisa lwaseYurophu lwaqala ukubamba ngendlela enkulu kwiwaka leminyaka elitsha. I-Costa yaba ngumxhamli wangoko, kodwa ngo-2003 omnye umphathi wenqanawa wase-Italiya, uGianluigi Aponte, naye wabona ukubakho kwe-pan-European cruise market. U-Aponte wayesele engumnini yedwa weNkampani yoShipping yeMeditera, ishishini lesibini elikhulu lokuthutha imithwalo emhlabeni elineenqanawa ezingaphezu kwama-400, xa waqalisa umzila omtsha wokuhamba ngenqanawa; IiCruise zeMSC.
UAponte akazange afake iinzwane zakhe kwishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa, wahobe entloko kuqala. Wenza isicwangciso esikhawulezayo sokwakhiwa kweenqanawa zanamhlanje zokuhamba ngenqanawa kwimbali. Ukusukela ngo-2003 i-MSC Cruises sele yakha iinqanawa ezitsha ezilishumi kwaye inenye esendleleni. Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-MSC yeyona nqanawa incinci yokuhamba ngenqanawa emhlabeni, ikwahamba ngeenqanawa ezimbini zodidi lwesibini olukhulu lweenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa kwihlabathi (emva kweRoyal Caribbean). Ezi nqanawa zimbini ziyakwazi ukuthwala abakhweli abangama-3,959 kwaye zingena kwi-138,000 yeetoni ezipheleleyo.
Ngoku kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhamba ngenqanawa “ze-pan-European”, iCosta Crociere (isiTaliyane esithetha 'uhambo lolwandle') kunye neeMSC Cruises. Ngokuthengisa iinqanawa zabo kulo lonke ilizwekazi, zombini iCosta kunye ne-MSC bayakwazi ukubonelela ngeenqanawa ngomkhamo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngaba kukho usukuzwano olukrakra phakathi kwe-MSC kunye neCosta Cruises? Ukuthetha okuncinci, ewe, kukho kwaye kufuneka kubekho.
I-Pan-European Cruising yahluke njani kwi-American Cruising?
Impendulo emfutshane kulo mbuzo ayohlukanga kakhulu konke konke � ngakumbi ukusuka ngaphandle ujonge ngaphakathi. Bekusoloko kukho iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa eYurophu, kodwa bezithengiswa kakhulu kubakhweli baseMelika. Ulwimi lwenkobe olusebhodini kwiinqanawa ezinjalo luhlala lusiNgesi. Ngelixa ezi nqanawa zintsha zaseYurophu ziphantse zifane ngesitayile kunye nokuhombisa abazala babo baseMelika, umahluko kukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezintlanu ebhodini, isiNgesi sesokugqibela kuzo.
Ngapha koko, nangona ingabhengezwanga kakhulu, isicwangciso esicacileyo seCosta Cruises ngalo lonke ixesha ibikukuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo amava eCarnival Cruise Line kodwa kwimarike yaseYurophu. I-Carnival Cruise Lines yeyona ndlela iphumeleleyo kwisinye kwimarike yase-US, ngoko ke ukuphinda imodeli eYurophu yayisisigqibo sendalo. Zonke iinqanawa zaseCosta ezakhiwe ukususela kwi-2000 iikopi ezifanayo, ngokwemiqathango ye-superstructure, kwiinqanawa zeCarnival ezikhoyo. Ngelixa i-decor yangaphakathi yahlukile kwinqanawa nganye yaseCosta kanye njengoko inqanawa nganye yeCarnival inendawo eyodwa yangaphakathi, iCarnival Destiny, Conquest kunye nezicwangciso zomgangatho woMoya zonke zimelwe kwiinqanawa zaseCosta.
EUnited States, iRoyal Caribbean kunye ne-NCL baye baba ngabakhuphisana abaphezulu kwiCarnival Cruise Lines, ngoko ke kunengqiqo ukuba umntu okhuphisana neCosta uya kuvela kwimarike yaseYurophu. Ngelixa iRoyal Caribbean inobukho obunamandla eYurophu, ulwimi lwabo lwasebhodini sisiNgesi kuphela ukuze bangakhuphisani ngokuthe ngqo neCosta Cruise. Elo wonga laya kwi-MSC Cruises, ekuphela kolunye ulwimi lweelwimi ezininzi kwi-pan-European cruise line kwaye ngenxa yoko yaba nombolo enye ekhuphisana neCosta.
Ezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba ngenqanawa ngokuqinisekileyo ayizomveliso zokuqala ukuthengisa kwilizwekazi lonke laseYurophu. Kodwa kukho into ekhethekileyo ngayo nayiphi na imveliso efuna unxibelelwano ngeelwimi ezintlanu ngaxeshanye. Ubukhulu becala, wonke umkhweli ufumana unxibelelwano lwenqanawa kuphela ngolwimi lwakhe, olufana neemenyu kunye neeweyitara ezibaziyo ubuzwe beendwendwe zabo kwangaphambili. Ngoko ke umqobo wolwimi uba ngumcimbi kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengaxa kusenziwa imiboniso eyahlukeneyo yokuzonwabisa. Ngokwemvelo, ulwimi ngalunye alunakuboniswa ngaxeshanye kuzo zonke iimeko. Iimenyu zinokuprintwa ngolwimi ngalunye kwaye iiweyitala zinokuthatha iiodolo ngolwimi lomkhweli, kodwa imiboniso yemveliso enababukeli abaninzi kufuneka ibonise ukonwatyiswa okungathethwayo, okanye ezinye izibhengezo kufuneka zenziwe ngeelwimi ezintlanu ezizezona zibalaseleyo ngokulandelelanayo.
Ukuba nemekobume yeenkcubeko ezininzi kukwadala ukwahluka kunye noluhlu olubanzi lokhetho kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nokutya. Abantu baseYurophu banamhlanje abaqondi nje kuphela kwaye bayayixabisa le yantlukwano; baye baphuhlisa izakhono ezimangalisayo zokumelana nalo mqobo wolwimi. Baqhelene nemeko kwaye bahlala lula. Kwelinye icala, abantu abaninzi baseMerika bakufumanisa kunzima ukuphulaphula ezinye iilwimi ezine ngaphambi kokuba inguqulelo yesiNgesi ifike.
Ke, eyona nto iphambili kukuba yomibini le mizila yokukhenketha ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo kumkhenkethi waseYurophu ojonga izinto eziluncedo kwinqanawa yaseYurophu. Ezi ziquka zamva nje kuyilo lweenqanawa ezinamachibi amakhulu, iithiyetha eziphucukileyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kunye neekhabhini zobume bezobugcisa. Bafumana iinqanawa ezintsha nezinkulu ngamaxabiso angcono kunokuba babhukishe indlela enye yokukhenketha apho yonke into ibhalwe ngolwimi lwabo lomthonyama.
Yahluke kancinane kubantu baseMelika. Ngokusisiseko, sinethamsanqa nje lokuba neenqanawa ezininzi zokuhamba ngenqanawa esele ziqhuba yonke into ngesiNgesi. Ubukhulu becala kungenxa yoshishino lokuzonwabisa lwaseMelika, ebelithumela ngaphandle umculo, iimuvi kunye nomabonakude phesheya kolwandle amashumi eminyaka ngoku, ukuba isiNgesi lulwimi lwehlabathi. Bonke abantu baseYurophu bayazuza ngokwazi isiNgesi esincinci, ngoko ke iYurophu enqabileyo kule mihla engayiqondiyo ubuncinane, ngaphezu kokuba thina baseMelika siqonda isiTaliyane okanye isiFrentshi.
I-coup de resistance yesiNgesi njengolwimi lwehlabathi kuhambo lwam lwakutsha nje kwi-MSC Cruises lweza xa ndadibana nonogada wenqanawe ehlola amakhadi eendwendwe ezishiya inqanawa kwizibuko. Xa bathetha naye ngesiFrentshi waphendula wathi kubo, “Ndithetha isiNgesi!” -Ngelizwi elibukhali ndinokongeza. La maFrentshi amphendula ngesiNgesi ngoko nangoko phantse ngendlela ecela uxolo. Ndambuza ngayo wathi, “Andikho msebenzini wenkonzo yoluntu enqanaweni, ndiligosa lokhuseleko. IsiNgesi lulwimi lwehlabathi kwaye andithethi naziphi na iilwimi zaseYurophu (wayengumRumanian). Ndithetha isiNgesi kwaye ukuba iindwendwe zifuna ukuthetha nam yiloo nto ekufuneka ziyisebenzise.” Kulungile � umdla.
Ke, kwi-MSC Cruises (ndikholelwa ukuba kuyafana nakwiCosta), i-"lingua franca" esemthethweni phakathi kwabasebenzi sisiNgesi (ibinzana elibhekisa kulwimi lwehlabathi, nangona ngokobuchwephesha liguqulela "njengolwimi lwesiFrentshi," ilizwe langaphambili. ulwimi). Kukwathethwa isiNgesi xa omnye umkhweli engakwazi ukuqonda umsebenzi okanye omnye umkhweli.
Ngabantu baseMelika kwiiCruise zaseYurophu?
Umbuzo uvela ngokungenakuthintelwa, ngaba umntu waseMelika kufuneka athathe iMSC okanye iCosta ngenqanawa? Impendulo nguewe, ukuba unolindelo oluchanekileyo. Iingenelo zezokuba ungahlala ubona ukonga okoyikekayo kwiinqanawa kule mizila, ngakumbi kwiCaribbean okanye eMzantsi Melika. Baya kuhlala bethetha isiNgesi ngokwaneleyo ukuze unxibelelane nabasebenzi kunye nabakhokheli bakho bokhenketho.
Imiqobo kukuba uninzi lwabakhweli abazukwazi ukuthetha isiNgesi kakhulu, ngoko ungalindeli ukuba nabahlobo abatsha abaninzi. Uya kungqongwa ngabantu abangathethi isiNgesi, ngoko awusoze uqonde ukuba umntu uthini. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuba neengxoxo ezininzi ezizenzekelayo nabantu ongabaziyo, kwaye uziva ungenanto yenkcubeko njengoko uhamba ngenqanawa. Inkqubo kamabonwakude yayinamajelo ambalwa esiNgesi, kodwa yayiyi-CNN International kunye namajelo amabini emali aquka i-stock market yaseYurophu.
Ukuba uthatha abantwana abancinci, mhlawumbi abayi kuyonwabela inkqubo yabantwana kakhulu eYurophu kuba imisebenzi emininzi iya kuqhutywa ngeelwimi zaseYurophu. Mhlawumbi abayi kwenza phantse abahlobo abaninzi enqanaweni njengoko bebeya kwenza kwinqanawe ethetha isiNgesi. Ulutsha lunokwenza ngcono kuba abantwana abadala baseYurophu bahlala bethetha isiNgesi ngokumangalisayo. EYurophu, nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abahamba ngenqanawa kule migca kufuneka bacwangcise ukunamathelana ngaphandle kokunxibelelana nabasebenzi.
Zombini i-MSC kunye neCosta nazo zihamba ngomkhumbi ukuya kwiCaribbean, kwaye izinto ziya kwahluka apho, ngakumbi kubantwana. Olona lwimi luphambili luya kuba sisiNgesi kwaye uninzi lweendwendwe luya kuba ngamaMelika. Abantwana ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eyi-17 bahamba ngesikhephe unyaka wonke kwi-MSC.
Kukho neminye imiba yenkcubeko. Abantu baseYurophu abaphantse bafane necuba-phobic njengabaseMelika. Lindela ukudibana nenani elifanelekileyo labantu abatshayayo, nangona bethintelwe kwiindawo ezithile zenqanawa. Kwezo ndawo inokuba ngqindilili, kwaye ukuba unomdla ngakumbi nakwivumba lomsi mhlawumbi uya kuliqaphela kwiipaseji.
Omnye umba luhambo. Uninzi lwabantu baseYurophu sele beyibonile iNaples kunye neRoma, ngoko ke iindlela zohambo zikholisa ukugxila ngakumbi kwiindawo zabakhenkethi zaseYurophu kunokuba abantu baseMelika bajonge indawo efanelekileyo yokubona indawo yaseYurophu. Baya kutyelela iSt. Tropez kunokuba iNice, okanye iMallorca kuneGibraltar.
Amaxesha okutya ngomnye umba. Abantu baseYurophu, ngakumbi abavela eSpain nase-Italiya, batya kade kunabaseMelika. Ukuhlala kwangoko eYurophu kuya kuqala ngo-7:30, ukuhlala emva kwexesha ngo-9:30 okanye ngo-10:00. Abantu baseYurophu abakhotyoki kangako kwinkonzo yamagumbi njengathi. EYurophu kuya kubakho intlawulo ye-la carte kwizinto zemenyu yenkonzo yamagumbi, nangona ingathinteli. Imenyu yenkonzo yegumbi nayo ilinganiselwe kwiminikelo xa kuthelekiswa nemizila ye-cruise yase-US.
Umahluko wokugqibela, xa ezi nqanawa ziseYurophu, kukuba ziya kuhlawulisa zonke iziselo ngokutya, nakwindawo ye-buffet. Oku kuquka namanzi aphuma ebhotileni, njengendawo yokutyela yaseYurophu. Iti ekhenkcezayo iya kubiza ngokufanayo nesiselo esithambileyo. Oku kutshintsha xa ezi nqanawa ziza kwiCaribbean, nangona kunjalo. Inkonzo yasekamelweni isimahla kwaye akukho ntlawulo yamanzi, iti yomkhenkce okanye iziselo ezifanayo xa usitya. Kwi-buffet yesidlo sakusasa naseYurophu unokufumana ikofu kunye nejusi ngaphandle kwentlawulo, kodwa ijusi yeorenji ifana nesoda yeorenji kwaye ikofu yitela emnyama abayibiza ikofu eYurophu. Into ephambili kukuba ukukhetha ukutya kwindawo ye-buffet kuyamangalisa kwisidlo ngasinye kuba inqanawa kufuneka ibhenele kwizinto ezininzi ezithandayo.
Ukushwankathela iMizila yeCruise yaseYurophu
Ezi ndlela zimbini zokuhamba ngenqanawa zaseYurophu, iCosta kunye neMSC Cruise, ziyindlela yokuhamba ngenqanawa yaseMelika kwiinqanawa ezinkulu zanamhlanje ezenziwe ukuba zifikeleleke kwimarike yaseYurophu. Banayo yonke into ekhoyo kwinqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa; izixhobo zamanzi ezinamachibi, iibhafu ezishushu kunye nezilayidi zamanzi; i-balcony cabins, imisebenzi yezemidlalo, enye indawo yokutyela, iindawo zokutyela ze-lido, imiboniso emikhulu yemveliso kunye nokunye. Ungathengisa ngokulula iinqanawa ezifanayo kwimarike yase-US ngempumelelo.
Umahluko uza kunxibelelwano lwebhodi kunye nabasebenzi kunye nabanye abakhweli. Le yinkcubeko yaseYurophu, kunye nokutshaya kunye nesinxibo esingaqhelekanga esamkelwe njengesiqhelo ngabakhweli. Ezi ndlela zokuhamba ngenqanawa zibhekisa kumava asebhodini “njengamava enkcubeko yaseYurophu,” eyiyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamava ale mihla aseYurophu, akufani nembali yenkcubeko yaseYurophu uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abacinga ngayo kuqala.
Zombini ezi ndlela zokuhamba ngenqanawa zimema kwaye zikhuthaza abantu baseMelika ukuba bazame iinqanawa zabo eYurophu nakwiCaribbean. Ukuba injongo yakho kukufumana inkcubeko yala maxesha yaseYurophu le yenye yendlela yokwenza, kodwa kufana nokumamela i-sitcom yaseMelika ngolwimi lwasemzini kumabonakude. Konke kujongeka kwaye kuvakala kuqhelekile, kodwa ngokwahlukana okwahlukileyo. Abanye abantu baya kunandipha loo mava kwaye abanye abantu abayi kuvuya. Konke kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lakho lokuthuthuzela nokuba kwindawo apho abantu abambalwa bathetha isiNgesi. Ngaphandle koko, ezi ziinqanawa ezintle zokuhamba ngenqanawa ezinamaxabiso amakhulu kuhambo.
