Ukugula elwandle
Uphononongo lwamva nje lweshishini leenqanawa zehlabathi kunye neengxaki zokhenketho ziveze ukusilela kwenkqubo kushishino ukuqonda ubhubhane we-COVID-19. Ukuya kuthi ga (kwaye kubandakanya) i-2019, imigca yokuhamba ngenqanawa yayilelona candelo likhula ngokukhawuleza kwishishini lokhenketho. Kwi-2018, igalelo lilonke lezoqoqosho (ngokuthe ngqo, ngokungathanga ngqo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa) kukhenketho lokuhamba ngenqanawa kuqoqosho lwehlabathi (ngeempahla kunye neenkonzo) yayiyi- $ 150 yezigidigidi, kunye nemisebenzi eyi-1,177,000 yexesha elizeleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa lishishini elinengxaki kwaye ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19 kunye nokuqhambuka kweDiamond Princess kunye neGrand Princess, eyona mizila mikhulu yokuhamba ngeenqanawa isikhumbuza ngomfanekiso wephupha likaNebhukadenetsare. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, eyoyikekayo ngembonakalo kodwa iinyawo ngokuyinxalenye zenziwe ngodongwe olibhakiweyo.
Iingxaki ezinxulunyaniswe neenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa azizintsha. Ngo-1912 ukuntywila kwe-Titanic kwenziwa iindaba kwaye kuyaqhubeka nokujongwa kwakhona kwagxekwa. Ngo-1915 i-SS Eastland yatshona kwizibuko laseChicago ibulala ngaphezulu kwama-840 kwabangama-2500 abakhweli. Ngo-2005 abaphangi bahlasela i-Seabourn Spirit ngaselunxwemeni lwaseSomalia, kwathi ngo-2010, ubuqaqawuli (enye yezona nqanawa zinkulu zeCarnival) baba namava okutshisa abakhweli kwiintsuku ezine bengenamandla.
Enkosi ku-norovirus abakhweli beenqanawa ezihamba ngenqanawa eCarnival baye bagula:
1. 2009, ICoral Princess: 271 iyagula
2. 2010, Crown Princess: 396 uyagula
3. 2012, Sun Princess: 216 uyagula
4. 2013, URuby Princess: 276 uyagula
Ngo-2014 uMhloli weeLwandle wabuyela eNew Jersey ngenqanawa malunga namaxhoba angama-650 e-norovirus ezaliswe sisicaphucaphu nesifo sorhudo. Abagibeli kunye nabasebenzi abangena kwi-Celebrity Mercury bahlupheke ngokuqhambuka kwemihlanu ngokulandelelana ngo-2000, kuquka nabangama-443 abagulayo ngoFebruwari 2000 nangama-419 ngo-Matshi. I-CDC ikhuphe i-odolo (emva koko) enqabileyo yokuhamba ngenqanawa kuba inqanawa iqhubeka ichaphazela abakhweli kunye nomgaqo wokuhamba ngenqanawa awuyi kuyeka ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
Intsholongwane ichaphazela isisu kunye namathumbu kwaye inokungeniswa kukutya okungcolileyo okanye emanzini okanye ngokudibana nomntu osulelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokusasazeka ngeendlela zokuhlambela ezingcolileyo njengoko intsholongwane ihlala kwilindle. Intsholongwane ingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezincinci ezinjengeenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa liphendule kwiingxaki ezithile (okt, u-9/11 uhlaselo lwabanqolobi, iingxaki zemali ngo-2008) ngokukhawuleza kwaye yamkela iKhowudi yoKhuseleko lweZiko laseZweni kunye neKhowudi (ISPS Code), ukubonelela ngesicwangciso sokujongana nemiba yezokhuseleko. kunye nokhuseleko. Emva kwe-9/11 iAbercrombie kunye neKent, inkampani yezokhenketho etyebileyo egcina ii-dock zabucala ecaleni kweNayile, ifake izixhobo zokukhangela izinyithi kunye nokhuseleko lokunxiba ezingubeni. Iinqanawa zaseRoyal Caribbean kunye neeNdawo zooDumo zazibeka imikhosi yezokhuseleko ngaphambili, kubandakanya amalungu omkhosi okhethekileyo wase-Israeli, umkhosi wase-Bhritane kunye no-Nepalese Gurkhas kwiinqanawa zabo. Iinqanawa zazinezinto zokucima umlilo, iiradar kunye nezibane ezinamandla zokukhangela (ukuze zingaboni abahlaseli) ukukhusela abakhweli. Ukuphendula kwiingxaki zemali zika-2008 ishishini lehlise amaxabiso okuhamba ngenqanawa (egubungela iindleko zokusebenza ezisisiseko) kwaye ijolise ekwandiseni ingeniso yebhodi.
Umothuko, uloyiko kunye noDemise
Yintoni eyahlukileyo nge-COVID-19? Le ntsholongwane ihamba emoyeni kwaye ingahlala kwindawo ngaphezulu iiyure. Kubonakala ngathi eli shishini (kwaye) alinakho ukwenza amapolisa kwindalo esingqongileyo, oorhulumente behlabathi banyanzelekile ukuba bangenelele, nto leyo ikhokelela ekunyanzeliseni (okanye ngokucebisa ngamandla) ukuvala ezantsi, ukuphambuka ekuhlaleni, ukuthintelwa kokuhamba kunye nezinye izithintelo kwinto enokwenziwa kwaye kufanele yenza.
Iinkokheli zopolitiko kunye nabaphathi bakarhulumente kunye nabaphathi bamacandelo abucala bakhupha izikhokelo zokujongana nokulungisa ubhubhane ngelixa ezinye izikhokelo zivela kwimisebenzi yokhathalelo lwempilo lwehlabathi (okt, i-WHO). Waba yintoni umphumo? Wonke umntu wazifaka iimpendulo, esongeza ukudideka kunye nengcaciso engeyiyo kuthungelwano olunqongopheleyo lonxibelelwano lwezenzululwazi olwalukhutshwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka emine uDonald Trump ephethe i-White House kwaye engalawulwa kakuhle yinkokheli ye-WHO.
Xa intsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala kwiDiamond Princess kunye neGrand Princess, ukungabikho kwesicwangciso sokuthintela ukwanda kwesi sifo kwayinto engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Uhlaselo lwentsholongwane kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa kunye neenqanawa ngo-Matshi 2020 zitshintshe ishishini ngonaphakade, zayeka ukumisa i-Princess Cruises, iDisney Cruise Line, iViking, iNorway Cruise, iRoyal Caribbean, iCarnival Corporation kunye neMSC Cruises. Amaziko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo (i-CDC) akhuphe i-No Sail Order kangangeentsuku ezili-100 kuzo zonke iinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa ezithwele abantu abangaphezulu kwama-250, zandisa i-No Sail ukuya ku-Okthobha 31, 2020. I-Azamara, umgaqo omncinci wokuhamba ngenqanawa Iiseyile ezixhonyiweyo kude kube sekupheleni kowama-2020. I-Carnival ikurhoxisile konke ukuhamba ngolwandle ukusuka e-USA kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2020; Nangona kunjalo, izicwangciso zoDumo zokuphinda ziqale ukusebenza ngo-Novemba 2020 kunye nokuhamba ngenqanawa ukusuka / ukuya kumazibuko angaphandle kuyaqhubeka.
Impembelelo kwezoqoqosho
Umzi-mveliso uhlupheka ngenxa yelahleko ebonakalayo yezemali, nto leyo ebangele uloyiko kubatyali mali. Izabelo zeRoyal Caribbean Cruises Ltd zehle ngeepesenti ezingama-82.31, iNorway Cruise Line Holdings ekwabelwana ngayo yehlile ngeepesenti ezingama-85.17 kunye neCarnival Corporation kunye nePlc ekwabelwana ngayo yehla ngeepesenti ezingama-76.61 ukusuka nge-2 Januwari 2020 ukuya nge-23 Matshi 2020.
Ukwandiswa koncedo lweenqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa kuye kwaphikisana. Imizila emikhulu yokuhamba ngenqanawa ibandakanyiwe koko kubizwa ngokuba “lilizwe elilinganayo lokuxolelwa,” apho kunganyanzelekanga ukuba bahlawule irhafu yama-21 yeepesenti ezihlawulwa ziinkampani zase-US. Ukuba, njengomzekelo, i-Carnival, eyona nkampani inkulu yokuhamba ngenqanawa e-US, isuka kwizibuko langaphandle (okt, iPanama) yaya e-US, kuya kufuneka bahlawule malunga ne-600 yezigidi zeerhafu kwiirhafu ezihlanganisiweyo kwi-3 yezigidi zeedola (2019) , ke akunakulindeleka ukuba baphinde bafuduke naliphi na ixesha kungekudala.
Ungenelelo lukaRhulumente
NgoSeptemba 2019, iFederal Reserve Bank yatofa i-400 yezigidigidi zeedola kwaye phakathi kuka-Matshi-Julayi 2020, yatofa i-7.4 trillion eyongezelelweyo kwintengiso yezivumelwano zokuthenga kwakhona. Okwangoku kukho iinqanawa ezintsha ezihamba elwandle ezili-122 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2027, enexabiso elipheleleyo leedola ezingama-68.4 zeerandi ekubekeni imibuzo malunga nobutyebi beenqanawa ezibuthathaka kakhulu i-Ines.
Kwenziwe ntoni? Iingcebiso ze-ICV
Ukuqala ngonyaka ka-2006, umbutho we-International Cruise Victims (ICV), umbutho ongajonganga nzuzo ekuboneleleni inja emele amaxhoba eziganeko zolwandle, kubandakanya nolwaphulo-mthetho (okt, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo), iinkonzo zonyango ezingonelanga, iingozi zasemanzini, ukunyamalala okumangalisayo, imililo , iinqanawa ezibhukuqiwe, nokusasazeka kwezifo ezibulalayo, kuye kwaqwalaselwa kwaye kwaxhaswa ukhuseleko lweenqanawa, ukhuseleko kunye noxanduva.
I-ICV icebise amanyathelo aza kuthi azise imiceli mngeni ejongene nolu shishino kwaye icele ukuba isicwangciso esibanzi sokuvela kufutshane nentshabalalo sinikezelwe kwiiarhente zikarhulumente nakuluntu phambi kokuba bavunyelwe ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
I-ICV ifuna:
1. Uphando kwimbali yemizila yokuhamba ngenqanawa i-COVID-19 infestation kwiinqanawa ezininzi, kugxilwe kwinto abayaziyo, bayazi nini, kunye namanyathelo athathiweyo ukunciphisa iingxaki
2. Ukuchongwa kwabantu abanoxanduva "lwezigqibo zokufihla ulwazi kubagibeli nakuluntu ngokubanzi"
3. Thatha uxanduva ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubenoxanduva lokuphendula, ngokugula kunye nokufa kwabakhweli
4. Ukulungiselela ukungena kwakhona kwindawo yentengiso, iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa kufuneka, "zenze imigaqo-nkqubo eneenkcukacha, exhaswa yisayensi yokujongana nokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19, iqinisekisa abakhweli ukuba balandela izikhokelo zempilo yoluntu ezikhutshwe kummandla ngamnye abasebenza kuwo. , kubandakanya, kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:
• Phambi kokungena, ngenqanawa, nangonxweme kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuhla
• Ukuvavanywa kwezempilo okunyanzelekileyo ngaphambi nangexesha lokuqalisa
• Indawo yokuhlala yabucala ebekelwe bucala abakhweli kunye nabasebenzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo
• Unxweme olunomda lokukhusela impilo yoluntu lwasezibukweni
• Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuphambana ngokwasemzimbeni
• Ukunciphisa umthamo weendwendwe ukuba ungagqithi ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-40 zomthamo uwonke de kubekho isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19
• Indawo yokutyela evulekileyo yomoya kunye nokuphelisa zonke iindlela zokuzenzela iinkonzo
• Amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ulawulo losulelo kunye namanyathelo ophuculo lococeko, ukuvumela ixesha elongeziweyo phakathi kokujika kwenqanawa
• Ukuvavanywa kweziphumo ezikhawulezileyo
• Ukufakwa kweefilitha ze-H13 HEPA
• IGosa lokuThobela elizimeleyo le-COVID-19 (C19CO) linoxanduva lokuseka nokunyanzelisa iinkqubo zokhuseleko, abasebenzi boqeqesho, ukubeka iliso kunye nokunika ingxelo yokungathobeli
• Ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo
• Ukwanda kwamanqanaba okuqinisekiswa kwabasebenzi noqeqesho
UJamie Barnett, umongameli we-ICV uthe, "Ukuvumela iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa zingaqhubeki ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nale meko, bekuya kuba kukutyikitya amaphepha okufa hayi nje kuphela abakhweli kunye nabasebenzi, kodwa amawaka abantu anyanzeliswa ukuba basebenzisane nabo bakubuya. Endaweni yokuzixhalabisa ngabantu abaphantsi kononophelo lwabo xa babekhwele, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa likhathazekile ngabanini zabelo. Endaweni yokuba bafunde kwaye balungise iimpazamo zabo, baqhubeka nokuziphindaphinda de babanqande. ”
Kuyacaca ukuba iindlela zokuhamba ngenqanawa zisebenzisa ixesha elininzi, imali kunye nomzamo kubudlelwane boluntu, intengiso kunye nokunyuselwa emva koko kukhuseleko lwabakhweli. NgokukaBarnett, "Ngalo lonke ixesha kukho esinye isigulo okanye isiganeko sokhuseleko, siyakhunjuzwa ukuba iindlela zokuhamba ngenqanawa ziba malunga nolwalamano loluntu kunokhuseleko loluntu." Umbutho ufuna amanyathelo abonakalayo azakubonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kukhuseleko lwabakhweli, “Ngoku lixesha lokuba eli shishini lithathe indawo eyimfuneko kakhulu ukuze libeke phambili imigaqo-siseko kunye nezinto eziphambili. Kudala silindelwe. ”
Umzi mveliso wokuhamba ngeenqanawa ufumene ingqalelo engazange ibonwe kwimidiya kulo nyaka; kuncinci kuye kwathandeka. Ngenxa yokuba iinqanawa zisebenza emanzini amdaka alawulwa ngokukhululekileyo ngoorhulumente avumela ukungalingani kwaye (kwiimeko ezininzi) iindlela ezingakhuselekanga, i-COVID-19 ityhile ubuthathaka obukhulu kushishino kunye nolwakhiwo olufihla kunye / okanye lokungaluhoyi uxanduva olusemthethweni, lwentlalo nolokuziphatha. kwaye izama ukuphalaza uxanduva lomntu kunye netyala.
UBarnett ufumanisa ukuba, "Idumela kunye nokuthembeka kweshishini lokuhamba ngeenqanawa," kuyatyhalwa ukuba kuthathwe uxanduva ngezenzo kunye nokungasebenzi. “Izibonelelo kukuphila nje kolu shishino, ngapha koko, ayisiyomfuneko kodwa endaweni yokunethezeka. Ukungakhathalelwa kukhuseleko nentlalo-ntle yabasebenzi kunye nabakhweli kuya kuphelisa ishishini. Abantu baya kufumana ezinye iindlela zekhefu. Ezinye iindawo abazithembileyo. Ezinye iindawo eziyakuthi zithethe oko xa besithi ukhuseleko yeyona nto iphambili kubo. ”
Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo: https://www.internationalcruisevictims.org
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