Kwinqaku lale veki, sixoxa ngetyala lika-Abeid-Saba v. Carnival Corp., 184 Ngoko. I-3d 593 (Fla. App. 2016) ebandakanya izenzo ezimbini zeklasi ezizisa egameni lamaqela amabini abakhweli ababekwi-Costa Concordia engafanelekanga ngoJanuwari 13, 2012 xa "isuka eCititavecchia, eItali ukuba iqale iintsuku ezisixhenxe. uhambo oluya eSavona, eItali. Zombini izikhalazo zityhola ukuba…inqanawe yabaleka emva kokuba uMphathi wakhe, uFrancesco Schettino, etenxile kwikhondo elicwangcisiweyo ukuze aqhube umsebenzi owaziwa ngokuba 'sisaphetha' okanye 'ukuhamba ngeseyile'. Ebudeni bolu hambo, iConcordia yangqubana nolwalwa olungaphantsi kwamanzi kumanzi ommandla waseItali yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumzimba wayo. Oku kukhawulezise ukufuduka kwabakhweli abangama-3206, abamalunga ne-100 kubo bebesuka e-United States kunye nabasebenzi abali-1000”. Amatyala amabini axoxwayo “yi-Abeid-Saba (e) ibandakanya abamangali abangamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe kubo abahlanu ngabahlali baseUnited States (kunye) neScimone II (ebandakanya abamangali abangamashumi amahlanu anesibini abalishumi elinesixhenxe bangabahlali baseUnited States. Omabini amaqela abamangali atyhola amatyala afanayo alishumi elinesibini ngokuchasene nabamangalelwa abahlanu ababiziweyo...Ikhanivali iye yashukunyiselwa ukuba ichithe omabini (amatyala)…ngokusekwe kwiforam engabalulekanga (eyathi isiphakamiso samkelwa saza saqinisekiswa kwisibheno)”. Eli tyala lifundisa kwizinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekumiseleni ukuba loluphi ulawulo lwenkundla elona lilungele kakhulu ukuchophela ityala lokuhamba elibandakanya abemi base-US abonzakele ngaphakathi [Bona iDickerson, Gould & Chalos, Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Isahluko se-10 seeForam eziTshintshayo. , Thomson Reuters (2017)].
Ukuhlaziywa kweethagethi zohlaselo
E-US yandisa ulumkiso lokuhamba lwaseYurophu: 'Abanqolobi bagxila kwiindawo zabakhenkethi njengeethagethi zokuhlasela, eturbonews (9/2/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Isilumkiso, esikhutshwe ngoLwesine, sicaphula 'izehlo ezibikwe ngokubanzi' eFrance, eRashiya, eSweden, eUnited Kingdom, eSpain naseFinland, songeza ukuba iSebe likaRhulumente 'lihleli lixhalabile kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi lwexa elizayo '. Iyaqhubeka ichaza ukuba oontamo-lukhuni bayaqhubeka ukugxila 'kwiindawo zabakhenkethi, kwiindawo zokuhamba, kwiindawo zentengiso / kwiindawo ezineevenkile kunye nakumaziko orhulumente njengezinto ekujoliswe kuzo ".
Kubaxhasi be-ISIS badumisa iNkanyamba njenge 'solider of Allah', travelwirenews (9/9/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Abaxhasi be (ISIS) baye bathabatha kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo ukuze babhiyozele iNkanyamba i-Irma, beyibiza ngokuba 'ijoni lika-Allah'.
E-Salis, iLiability Liability for Amaxhoba oHlaselo lwabanqolobi, internationalandtravellawblog (9/8/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Uhlaselo lwamva nje lwaseBarcelona naseCambris (eSpain) lubangele ukubhubha kwabantu abaninzi… nokuba wonzakele ngokwakhe okanye izalamane zomfi, amaSpanish kunye namazwe angaphandle, banelungelo loncedo olukhawulezileyo oluvela kwiinkonzo zempilo kwaye…Emva koko, baya kuba nelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo ngokwenzakala komntu kunye nelahleko yezinto eziphathekayo abayenzileyo. Le nkqubo yelungelo yasekwa kuqala ngoMthetho wama-29/2011, womhla wama-22 kuSeptemba, ngoKuqatshelwa nokuKhuselwa ngokuPheleleyo kwamaxhoba obunqolobi”.
Inkanyamba Ibethe Kanzima kwiCaribbean
Kwi-Irma Barrels eziya eCuba naseFlorida: Inani lababhubhileyo ubuncinci kwi-18, ngamaxesha athile (9/8/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Inkanyamba yabetha iiTurks kunye neZiqithi zeCaicos ekuqaleni kukaLwesihlanu njengoko yayisingise kumazantsi-mpuma eBahamas… Ubuncinci abantu abayi-18 bafa ngenxa yesaqhwithi: abasithoba kwiCaribbean Caribbean; elinye kwicala lamaDatshi eSt. Martin; enye eBarbuda; enye eAnguilla; ezintathu ePuerto Rico kunye ezintathu eUnited States Virgin Islands”.
Ukukhusela abakhweli beCruise
EPassy, iNorwegian Cruise Line ithatha inyathelo elimangalisayo phambi kwe-Irma, msn (9/8/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “iNorwegian Cruise Line iye kwimizamo egqithisileyo yokuvumela abakhweli ukuba bagoduke ngaphambi kweNkanyamba i-Irma…Iinqanawa ezimbini zenkampani… babuyiselwa kwizibuko eMiami…ukuvumela abakhweli abavela eFlorida ixesha lokubuyela kumakhaya abo… Bamalunga nama-4,000 abakhweli abaseleyo abangakwaziyo ukubuyela ekhaya (baye) baphindiselwa elwandle ukuze bawushiye lo mmandla kangangexesha lesaqhwithi”.
Iindiza zigcwalisa isibhakabhaka saseFlorida
E-Chokski, iiPlanethi zigcwalisa i-Florida Skies njengeNkanyamba i-Irma Approaches, nytimes (9/8/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba "Abasebenzi be-Airline kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya baqhubela phambili ukuba bafumane iindiza emhlabeni njengoko iNkanyamba i-Irma ijikeleza ukuya eFlorida ngoLwesihlanu, igcwalisa isibhakabhaka ngaphezu kwe- I-(FAA) ithe iziko layo lolawulo lweenqwelo moya eMiami… lilawule iinqwelomoya ezingama-8,107 ngoLwesine, malunga ne-2,000 ngaphezulu kwangoLwesine ngaphambili”.
Inkqubo ka-Airbnb yokuSabela kwiNtlekele
E-Minsberg, Apho uPhuma khona: I-Irma ikhuthaza uPhando lokuHamba, ngamaxesha amaninzi (9/7/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “NgoLwesine emva kwemini, iinqwelo-moya zazirhoxisile iinqwelomoya ezingama-4,000 eziya nokubuya kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya kwindlela ka-Irma. I-Airbnb ivule iNkqubo yayo yokuPhendula ngeNtlekele kwiingingqi eziseMntla Florida naseMazantsi eGeorgia apho ababuki zindwendwe banokuvula amakhaya abo ukuze abantu baphume ngaphandle simahla”.
Ukuzingela i-Moose, nabani na?
E-Klein, ukuzingela i-Moose eCanada ukusindisa i-Caribou kwi-Wolves, nytimes (8/30/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Uyayithanda i-caribou. Nithanda iingcuka. Uyigcina njani enye ngaphandle kokubulala enye? Uphando oluxhasa indlela engaqhelekanga yolondolozo lubonisa ukuba isenokuba inento yokwenza nokuzingela ixhama, ubuncinane kummandla omnye kuMntla Merika. Oosonzululwazi bachithe ishumi leminyaka bejonga ingcuka, ixhama kunye neendawo ezihlala zisengozini yokuphela kweekharibou ezihlala ezintabeni kumahlathi asemazantsi eBritish Columbia (kwaye) bafumanise ukuba xa uvumela abantu bazingele amaxhama amaninzi, ufumana iingcuka ezimbalwa kunye necaribou… ibonisa ukuntsokotha kolondolozo. kwindawo zendalo”.
Iingcongconi njengeCalifornia & Nevada
EMcNeil, iiMosquitoes ezosulelayo ziguqukela kwiMimandla emitsha, ngamaxesha amaninzi (9/7/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Inani elandayo lokucatshulwa kwiwebhusayithi ethandwayo yokulandela isifo libonisa ukuba iingcongconi zinokufudukela kwiindawo ezintsha zendalo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. . Iwebhusayithi, i-imeyile ye-ProMED ithwele ngaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini leengxelo… umzekelo, i-Aedes aegypti-ingcongconi ye-yellow fever, ekwasasaza iZika, idengue kunye ne-chikungunya-ikhe yavela eCalifornia naseNevada apho yayingazange, okanye kunqabile. , yabonwa”.
Nevada Burning Man
KuMntu uyafa emva kokuntywila kwi-effigy evuthayo kumthendeleko we-Burning Man, i-travewirenews (9/3/2017) yaphawulwa ukuba "Umthendeleko we-Burning Man uqinisekisile isiganeko kwingxelo. Abaququzeleli bathi indoda yaqhekeza iperimeter yokhuseleko ... kwaye yangena emlilweni ... I-effigy yeplanga ye-50-foot yindawo ephambili yomthendeleko, otsala amashumi amawaka abantu kwintlango ye-Nevada ngonyaka".
Ukuphonononga iiCatacombs zaseParis
Kwi-Creepy amasela arhola iheist enkulu yewayini esebenzisa iParis Catacombs, travelwirenews (8/31/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “ukuba ungumntu waseParis osisityebi kakhulu oqhayisa ngengqokelela yewayini enomtsalane, musa ukumisa isisele sewayini esabelana ngodonga. kunye namangcwaba amakhulu angaphantsi komhlaba esi sixeko. Ngokutsho kwe-Associated Press, iqela labaphangi baseParis abakrwada baqhekeza kwindawo yokugcina iwayini ngokugqobhoza umngxuma eludongeni lweCatacombs, inkqubo yamatonela angaphantsi komhlaba anentsalela yezigidi zabantu baseFransi”.
Njani Ngalo Eclipse
Kubantu abathi bamfamekiswe lilanga bamangalela iAmazon ngenxa yeeglasi ze-eclipse, travelwirenews (8/31/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Wonke umntu wabaxelela ukuba bangajongi ilanga. Ukanti, isibini saseMzantsi Carolina simangalela iAmazon ngenxa yeeglasi zokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga abathi basilele ukukhusela amehlo abo ngexesha lokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga kwiveki ephelileyo. UCorey Payne kunye noKayla Harris batyholwa kwisimangalo esifakwe kule veki ukuba bafumana intloko ebuhlungu, ukunkcenkceshela kwamehlo kunye nombono ogqwethekileyo kunye nombono ophazamisayo emva kokubukela i-eclipse epheleleyo yelanga ngo-Agasti 21. Esi sibini sijonge kwi-eclipse, sithembele kwipakethi emithathu iiglasi abazithenge eAmazon ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti”.
Uhlaselo lwaseTshayina lokwabelana ngeBhayisekile
E-Denyer, Kutheni iinkampani zaseTshayina zilahla iibhayisekile kwizixeko ezijikeleze umhlaba, i-washingtonpost (8/31/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Ukurenta ibhayisekile e-China, konke okufunekayo yi-app yefowuni, kunye naziphi na izigidi zeebhayisekile. ezithe saa kwiindledlana zeenyawo yonke indawo inokuba yeyakho. Akukho ndawo yokumisa ibhayisekile. Akukho ndawo yokulahla. Ungayiskena ikhowudi, ukhwele, ushiye kwaye utshixe ibhayisekile naphi na nanini na xa ugqibile. Uguqulo lolwabelwano lwebhayisekile lwaseTshayina lwebhiliyoni sele luyitshintshile inkangeleko kunye nokuziva kwezixeko kwilizwe jikelele, ngaphezulu kwe-100 lezigidi zeeapps ezikhutshelweyo kunye neebhiliyoni zokukhwela ezithathwe kwizigidi ezininzi zeebhayisekile. Ngoku iya kwihlabathi jikelele. Kwinyanga ephelileyo, inkampani yaseTshayina ebizwa ngokuba yi-Ofo yenze uhambo lwayo lokuqala e-United States, ihambisa iibhayisekile ezili-1,000 XNUMX kwizitrato zaseSeattle, ngezicwangciso zokwandisa kuzwelonke. Ukusuka e-Italiya ukuya eKazakhstan, ukusuka eBritani ukuya eJapan, ukusuka eSingapore-esona sixeko siluhlaza saseAsia-ukuya kwesinye sezona ndawo zixineneyo, iBangkok, iOfo kunye neqela labo eliphambili laseTshayina iMobike bakugqatso lokuzama ukwandisa umhlaba”
I-Dutch Love Bikes nayo
E-Schuetze, Ukuba Uyayakha, i-Dutch Will Pedal, nytimes (9/6/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Xa amagosa esixeko ayetyhila icandelo lokuqala legaraji yokupaka iibhayisekile enkulu ehlabathini e-Utrecht…imvakalelo yokufezekiswa yayimfutshane- waphila. Ngelixa uninzi lwama-6,000 amatsha, iindawo zokupaka iibhayisekile zanamhlanje zigcwele ngokukhawuleza, iinjineli zedolophu zigxile kumsebenzi ongaphambili: ukudala amawaka eendawo ezinjalo kunye namakhulu eemayile eendlela zebhayisekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abahlali abaninzi base-Utrecht banokuhamba ngokukhululeka. ngebhayisekile. 'Siye safumanisa ukuba xa uyakha, abantu baya kusisebenzisa'…Isixeko kutshanje siye sayigqitha iAmsterdam kwindawo ehlonitshwa ngokubanzi njengezixeko ezilungele iibhayisekile kwaye ngoku sikwindawo yesibini emva kwe-Copenhagen, ephindwe kabini ngokobukhulu bayo”.
UGoogle, uMmeli wam wokuHamba
KuGoogle ufuna ukuba ngummeli wakho wokuhamba, travelwirenews (8/29/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “uGoogle uphinda-phindeka kabini phantsi kwiimpawu zokulandelela ixabiso lokuhamba. Isigebenga sokukhangela sithe ngoLwesibini ukwandisa ulwazi olunika abahambi abafuna ukubhukisha iinqwelomoya kunye neehotele. Umbono kukunceda abantu bafumane elona xabiso liphantsi. Ngeempawu ezinje, uGoogle uzibeka kukhuphiswano kunye nezinye iiwebhusayithi zokuhamba ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo, njengeKayak, Expedia kunye neTripAdvisor. Kuhambo lwenqwelomoya, uGoogle sele ebonisa abantu awona maxabiso aphantsi eendlela ezithile kunye neentsuku zokuhamba, kodwa ngoku izakubonisa imbono yekhalenda yendibaniselwano yomhla kunye namaxabiso asezantsi aluhlaza kwaye abiza kakhulu ngokubomvu. Izakubonisa igrafu yexabiso ukuze abantu babone ukuba intlawulo yenqwelomoya itshintsha njani ekuhambeni kwexesha”.
Akukho ziBhegi zePlastiki eKenya, Nceda
Kubakhenkethi: Musa ukuthatha iingxowa zeplastiki eKenya okanye ujongene neminyaka emi-4 entolongweni, travelwirenews (9/1/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Iminyaka emine entolongweni ngenxa yokuba nengxowa yeplastiki. Esi sesona sohlwayo siphezulu eKenya. Izohlwayo zii-$19,000 ukuya kwi-38,000 yeedola-kwaye izohlwayo zezona zinzima emhlabeni. Abakhenkethi bayalunyukiswa: Ungangeni kumazwe angaphandle okanye uphathe iingxowa zeplastiki. IKenya ihlengahlengisa ubomi ngaphandle kweengxowa zeplastiki emva kokuvalwa okungqongqo kwabathwali kuqale ukusebenza kule veki. Abarhwebi baseNairobi batshintshe iingxowa zeplastiki ezikhaphukhaphu ngexabiso eliphantsi kwiibhokisi, iibhegi zephepha kunye nemvulophu, ngelixa iivenkile ezithengisa ukutya zithengisa iibhegi zefiber eziphinda zisetyenziswe kunye neebhokisi zekhadibhodi”.
Khawuyeke Ukuzama Ukusindisa Inkunzi, Nceda
Kuhlaselo lweBull abalwela amalungelo ezilwanyana abahlasele i-bullring, travelwirenews (8/28/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “abaqhankqalazi abachasene nenkunzi yenkomo abangene kwiringi eFransi ngeCawe bazifumana bephantsi kohlaselo lwesilwanyana ababezama ukusikhusela. Ividiyo ibonisa amatsha ntliziyo eleqwa yinkomo, yaze yaphosa enye yazo emoyeni. Bebebonakalisa ngokuchasene ne 'novillada', umsitho apho abalweli benkomo abasaqalayo balwela iinkunzi zeenkomo ezincinci”.
Ukuhamba ngokuLungileyo kweKhabhoni, nabani na?
Kwiinqwelomoya, koololiwe okanye kwiimoto: Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenzayo yeCarbon yokuHamba?, travelwirenews (8/28/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “iCarbon dioxide ihlala emoyeni ixesha elide kunezinye iigesi, ngoko ke izithuthi zinempembelelo eyingozi utshintsho lwemozulu kwixesha elide. Malunga nesihlanu segesi ekhutshwa yigreenhouse gas ehlabathini lonke iphuma kwezothutho zodwa, 'kodwa kufutshane nama-30 epesenti kumazwe amaninzi ahambele phambili kwezoshishino'...Ezothutho, ezinoxanduva lokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse engama-27 yelizwe, licandelo lesibini kwezoqoqosho eMelika. kanye emva kombane…ezona ndlela zintlanu ziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo: (1) Isikhitshane esikhulu iRoPax…(2) Inqwelo moya ethabatha uhambo olude…(3) Imoto enkulu yegesi/yepetroli…(4) IVani yeDizili enkulu…(5) I-LPG enkulu( igesi yepetroleum enyibilikisiweyo) imoto…ezona ndlela zintlanu zicocekileyo zokuhamba…(1) Ibhayisekile…(2) Imoto yombane (eneepaneli zesola)…(3) Imoto yombane…(4) Isiporo samazwe ngamazwe…(5) Isikhitshana (umkhweli ohamba ngeenyawo)” .
Uhambo Lweshishini Okanye Ikhefu?
ELaGorce, uhambo lweShishini okanye iHolide? Abaqalisi bokuHamba Zama ukuFiphalisa umgca, ngamaxesha athile (8/28/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “abakhenkethi bezolonwabo ngokwendalo bakhetha kakhulu kwaye banexabiso elingaphezu kwabahambi beshishini. Kodwa uhlobo olutsha lokuqalisa olubonelela abahambi beshishini kwaye lugxile ekuziphatheni kwabasebenzisi lunokwenza ukuba loo mahluko aphelelwe lixesha. Isiseko emva kwezi nkampani, ezibandakanya i-Rocketrip, i-TripActions kunye ne-Upside, kukuba ukuba abahambi bezoshishino baye bavuzwa ngokwenza ukhetho olugcina imali yeenkampani zabo, baya kwenza ngokufanelekileyo ... , Twitter kunye ne-2013 ukuya kwi-50 nezinye iinkampani ze-Fortune 100 kunye ne-midsize, u-Dan Ruch, umsunguli wayo (oye) wangena kwishishini lokunika inkuthazo kubahambi bezoshishino emva kokufunda malunga nendlela abasebenzi bakaGoogle abahamba ngayo...Indlela kaGoogle iquka ukuzoba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwenqwelomoya kunye iihotele phambi kohambo ngalunye. Ukuba abasebenzi bangena phantsi kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, bafumana iikhredithi ezinokuhlawulelwa kuhlaziyo lohambo kwixesha elizayo ... I-Rocktrip, njengoGoogle, ivumela abahambi ukuba bagcine isiqingatha semali abayigcinayo. Endaweni yophuculo lokuhamba, ibonelela ngamakhadi esipho kwiAmazon, iBest Buy kunye nabanye abathengisi ngevenkile ebizwa ngokuba yimbuyekezo”.
Iziko elitsha lezilwanyana leJFK
ENewman, Xa uMkhweli olibazisekileyo eyiPotbellied Pig, nytimes (8/22/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Wonke umhambi unebali afuna ukulibalisa. Oku kuyinyaniso kanye ngeTyeya e-JFK, iziko elitsha lothutho lwezilwanyana eliqaqambileyo…njengoko ndikwizikhululo zabakhweli abangabantu…Iinyanga ezisibhozo emva kokuvulwa kwayo ngodidi oluphezulu, iTyeya emi ngasemva kwiindlela ezijikajikayo zelizwe lempahla likaKennedy… iqala ukuphila ngokwegama layo. Ukongeza kwiikati kunye nezinja kunye neebhokhwe kunye namahashe, iTyeya iye yabamba ihagu ene-potbellied efuna indawo yokulinda emva kokuphoswa yinqwelomoya yokudibanisa, amajuba angama-235 agijimayo abanjwe iintsuku ezintathu kunye ne-agouti, i-rodent enkulu ye-8-pounds. uZoo waseMinnesota wawuthumela ngenqanawa kuMyezo wezilwanyana waseBermuda. Igama le-agouti yayinguRalph”.
I-Flight Libazisa Imbuyekezo App
E-Ekstein, Ukulibaziseka kweFlight? Fumana iMbuyiselo ngale App yeClever, ebloomberg (5/30/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Xa yayisungulwa ngo-2013, i-AirHelp kwi-airhelp yenza isithembiso esilula: Xela iintlekele zenqwelomoya yakho kwiiarhente zenkonzo yabathengi, kwaye baya kumangalela. ngokuchasene neenqwelomoya egameni lakho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhlawule nesenti – ngaphandle kokuba bayakwazi ukukufumana intlawulo. Kwaye xa besenza, inkonzo ithatha i-25 yepesenti yokusika. Elula. NgoLwesibini, inkampani eneminyaka emithathu ubudala ithatha inyathelo elilandelayo lokuya kwimbuyekezo yenqwelomoya engenamthungo ngokwandisa i-namesake app yayo. Inikezelwa simahla kwiivenkile ze-iTunes kunye ne-Android Play, usetyenziso olusetyenziselwa ukufuna abahambi bagcwalise uphando olufutshane kwaye banikeze inkcazo yomba wabo ukuqalisa ibango; ngoku, abahambi banokuskena nje umfanekiso wokudlula kwabo kwaye uvumele i-Airhelp ihoye abanye. Ngolwazi oluvela kwipasi yakho yokukhwela egcinwe kwinkqubo yeAirHelp, inkampani inokulandelela inqwelomoya yakho ukulibaziseka, ukurhoxiswa kunye nokubhukisha kakhulu ukuze amabango akwazi ukuqengqeleka ngaphambi kokuba ubambe ifowuni”.
Ngaba uyafuna ukuba nguKapteni we-Delta Airline?
E-Sasso & Johnson, i-Delta iya kuKhuthaza abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuya kuKapteni-ukuba banokubhabha le Nqwelo-moya egugayo, msn (8/29/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Ukusukela phantse ekuqaleni kweshishini leenqwelo moya, abaqhubi abancinci kuye kwafuneka basebenze nzima iminyaka kwisitulo sesibini silindele ukuphumelela ipere yamaphiko okapteni. Ngoku iDelta Air Lines Inc. ibanika ithuba lokungena kwisihlalo sikakapteni kwisithuba nje seenyanga ezintandathu. Ukubanjwa? Unyuso lufuna ukubhabha ngenqwelomoya engathandwayo, eyalupheleyo ebizwa ngokuba 'yiNja yeMad' ethi iDelta iceba ukurhoxa kwiminyaka emithathu. Iijethi zeMcDonnell Douglas Corp. MD-88 zezona nqwelo-moya zindala ezisebenzayo nakuwuphi na umthuthi omkhulu wase-US. Beza nezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana neepaneli ze-glare-prone skylight ezibizwa ngokuba 'zifestile zamashiya' ezazixhaphakile xa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngamanye amaxesha babehamba ngeenkwenkwezi. Kwaye banengxolo kangangokuba abanye abezopolitiko baseNew York…bavuya kakhulu xa iDelta isandula ukutsala iinqwelomoya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseNew York iLaGuardia… Kodwa abanye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abancinci abanqwenela iwonga kunye nemivuzo ephezulu abawongwa ngayo abaphathi abakhethi buso”.
Ityala lomthetho wokuhamba ngeveki
Kumatyala e-Abeid-Saba/Scimone II iNkundla yaphawula uvavanyo olunamacandelo amane olukhokela iinkundla zaseFlorida ekusombululeni isindululo seqonga esingeyomfuneko.”’ [1] Njengombandela ofunekayo, inkundla kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba likho iqonga elaneleyo lelinye iqumrhu elinegunya lokulawula. kulo lonke ityala. [2] Emva koko, ijaji yetyala kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke imiba echaphazelekayo enomdla wabucala, ilinganisela kwibhalansi ingqikelelo eyomeleleyo ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka kokhetho lokuqala lweforum yabamangali. [3] Ukuba ijaji yenkundla ifumene le balance yeminqweno yabucala kwi-equipose okanye kufuphi ne-equipose, kufuneka emva koko igqibe ukuba ngaba izinto ezinomdla woluntu zinika ibhalansi ngokuxhasa ukuxoxwa kwetyala kwelinye iforamu. [4] Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuba ibhalansi ikhetha…iqonga lengxoxo ijaji yetyala kufuneka ekugqibeleni iqinisekise ukuba ummangali angaphinda ayibuyisele isimangalo sakhe kwelinye iqonga ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungafanelekanga okanye ugwebe”.
Ukuzonwabisa
“Uphawu lweforam engenzi nzuzo kubuza bulula, ke ngoko, 'ubunzima bokulawula abunakunikwa nakweyiphi na into kwinkqubo yokulinganisa okanye imfundiso ingaphulukana nokuguquguquka okungundoqo okungundoqo'…'Ummangalelwa ezama ukugxotha i-balancer. Intshukumo kwiforam yezizathu ezingezizo ezoncedo inomthwalo wobungqina...Ikhanivali imiselwe ukwamkela inkqubo yenkonzo kwaye yavuma ukungenisa kulawulo lolawulo lweenkundla zase-Italiya. ICarnival ikwavumile ukuhlawula ummiselo wemida kunye nokuhlonipha naziphi na izigwebo zasemva kwesibheno ezingenwe ziinkundla zase-Itali".
IForum eyenye efanelekileyo
“Ngoku siphendukela kumbuzo wokuba i-Italiyali liqonga elaneleyo. 'Iqonga elaneleyo akufuneki libe liqonga leengxoxo eligqibeleleyo'…'Elinye iqonga lengxoxo lanele ukuba libonelela ngomba wembambano kwaye libenakho ukunika ulungiso lokwenzakala kwabamangali'…Elinye iforamu alanelanga apho kukho izisombululo ezifumanekayo. 'ngokucacileyo ayanelisi' okanye apho 'kungekho sicombululo kwaphela'…'[S]ingxaki ethile okanye ukungabikho kweenkqubo zokumangala ezinenzuzo ezifanayo nezo zifumaneka kwiinkundla zesithili somdibaniso akunikezeli enye iforam enganelanga'…abamangali baxoxa ngelithi iTaliyane iinkundla zamatyala azanelanga kuba isimangalo siya kuthatha ixesha elide e-Itali kwaye ummangali ngamnye uya kufuneka afumane igqwetha lomntu. (Inkundla yamatyala) e-Abeid-Saba yafumanisa ukuba (1) 'ukulibaziseka okanye iminyaka 'emininzi, emininzi' ngumgangatho onganelanga ngokwasemthethweni wokugweba isicombululo seforam yangaphandle njengonganelanga kwityala elintsonkothileyo kakhulu'…kwaye (ii) Ukunqongophala kwenkqubo yentshukumo yodidi akunikezeli iqonga lingafanelekanga (ucaphula uGiglio v. Carnival Corp., 523 Fed. App'x 651 (11th Cir. 2013))….Sifumanisa ukuba inkundla yamatyala ayizange isebenzise ingqiqo yayo ekufumaniseni oko I-Itali yayiyenye iforum eyaneleyo. ”
Imiba yoMdla yaBucala
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uphononongo lweminqweno yabucala lubandakanya izinto ezine ezixhalabisayo: 'ukufikelela kubungqina, ukufikelela kumangqina, ukunyanzeliswa kwezigwebo kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nesimangalo'. U-Abeid-Saba uxoxa ukuba inkundla yamatyala yasebenzisa kakubi ingqiqo yayo ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezinomdla wabucala ngo (I) ngokunganikezeli abamangali isidima esifanelekileyo malunga nokhetho lwabo lweqonga; (ii) ukufikelela ngokungafanelekanga kwimithombo yobungqina kunye (iii) nokusilela ukunika ingxelo ngokufumaneka kwamangqina”.
UKhetho lwabaMmangali kwiForam
“'Le ngcinga ethethelela ukhetho lokuqala lwabamangali ekulungelelaniseni umdla wabucala kokona kunamandla xa abamangali ingabemi, abahlali okanye amaqumrhu eli lizwe'…ISekethe yeshumi elinanye ibambe ukuba inkundla ephononongayo 'ifuna(ii)izigqibo ezilungileyo. ubungqina beemeko ezigqithisileyo ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye kufuneka baqiniseke ngokupheleleyo ukuba okungekho sikweni kuyabonakala phambi kokuba benze nakuphi na…ubulumko obunokubakho bokwalela ummi wase-United States ukufikelela kumatyala eli lizwe’…(Nangona kunjalo) Ukhetho lweforam yommi akufunekanga lunikwe olwahlukileyo. ubunzima'”.
Ukufikelela kubungqina
“Inkundla yamatyala yagqiba kwelokuba, ngokulungeleleneyo, ukumangalelana eFlorida kwakuya kubangela ukungabikho kokusesikweni okubonakalayo kwiCarnival kuba ubuninzi bobungqina bufumaneka eItali, njengoko kunjalo ngawo onke amangqina. Xa ivavanya ufikelelo kubungqina kunye nokufumaneka kwamangqina, 'inkundla [yetyala] kufuneka iphonononge umba wembambano...ukuvavanya ukuba bubuphi na ubungqina obufunekayo nokuba amaqhekeza obungqina akhankanywe ngamaqela abaluleke kakhulu, okanye afanelekile na, isizathu sesenzo sommangali kunye naziphi na iindlela zokuzithethelela kwisimangalo'…Apha inkundla yamatyala iye yenza ucazululo lokubala ngokubala kwezizathu ezilishumi elinambini zenyathelo eliziswe ngu-Abeid-Saba yaze yafumanisa ukuba 'ide inikwe ingqikelelo ephezulu ngokuxhasa inkundla. Iforamu ekhethwa ngabahlali baseUnited States…Abamangalelwa banike ubungqina obubambekayo bokuba ukumangalelana kule nkundla kuya kubangela ukungabikho kokusesikweni okubonakalayo (kuMmangalelwa)”. Isizathu ngasinye sesenzo sihlalutyiweyo malunga nokufumaneka kunye nokufikelela kubungqina obuninzi babo base-Italy. “Umzekelo, ukonakala, isishicileli sedatha yohambo, isishicileli selizwi sebhulorho, ikhamera yenqanawa kunye nenkqubo yokukhangela ye-elektroniki yomkhumbi zonke ziselugcinweni (lwa) abasemagunyeni base-Itali”.
Ukufikelela kumaNgqina
Ngapha koko, indawo yobuninzi babanye abanokuba ngamangqina (ngaphandle kwabahlali abahlanu base-US) ikhokelele ekubeni inkundla yamatyala igqibe kwelokuba i-Itali lelona qonga lifanelekileyo. Kubakhweli abangama-3206 abakhwele iCosta Concordia, isibini kwisithathu ngabemi baseYurophu. Akukho namnye kwaba basebenzi be-1223 abangabemi baseUnited States…Kanye okubaluleke njengobukho bamangqina anokubakho kubukho bamangqina anokuba ngamaqela, ngakumbi abo banoxanduva lokuhlola ukhuseleko kunye neziqinisekiso, ukwenza kunye nokuyila iNqanawa kunye nabo baqeqeshe iCosta. Abasebenzi baseConcordia. I-Fincantieri-Cantieri Navali Italiani SPA (Umakhi wenqanawa), uLawulo lwase-Italiya kunye noMbutho woHlelo lwase-Italiya i-RINA, i-SpA zonke zikwi-Itali”.
Imiba yoMdla woLuntu
“[T] yena iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseFlorida (ibambe ukuba) 'imiba yomdla woluntu, kubandakanywa umdla waseFlorida kwimpikiswano, kufuneka isoloko ithathwa njengenxalenye yeforum yohlahlelo lwe-nonconveniens'…Ujoliso lwemiba yomdla woluntu 'kukuba ingaba Ityala linendibano ngokubanzi neqonga elaneleyo lokuthethelela ukuzibophelela kweqonga kwamaxesha omthetho kunye nezibonelelo kulo'…[H] apha, nanga abamanqali abangamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe, amashumi amahlanu anesibini kubo abangabahlali base-United States. Izityholo zika-Abeid-Saba 'zigxile ekuziphatheni kwabaDefenda abangengabo baseFlorida e-Italy'. Phantse zonke izityholo zokungakhathali zenzeka e-Itali.
Izibakala ezongeziweyo zenza kucace ukuba eli tyala lisondelelene ne-Itali'…I-Concordia yeyenkampani kwaye iqhutywa yi-Costa Crociere, iSpA umbutho wase-Italiya. ICosta Crociere, iConcordia, abasebenzi bayo kunye noKapteni Schettino baye balawulwa, bahlolwa kwaye baqinisekiswa ngabasemagunyeni baseItali...Abasemagunyeni baseItali baqhuba uphando ngale ngozi. Ukongeza, amatyala amane kwamanye amahlanu anento yokwenza nengozi aye achithiwe ziinkundla zase-United States ngezizathu ezingezizo…(Ukongezelela) 'Umthetho wase-Italiya ubonelela ngeendlela ezininzi kubaMangali ukufuna nokubuyisela umonzakalo...Umthetho wenkqubo wase-Italian ubonelela kakhulu. amalungelo nokhuselo kubamangali oluqinisekisa ukuba amatyala alungile, avuleleke kwaye ayasebenza'”.
isiphelo
“Inxalenye yokugqibela yenkundla yophando engabalungelelanisiyo ifuna inkundla yamatyala ukuba 'iqinisekise ukuba abamangali bayakwazi ukuyibuyisela isimangalo sabo kwelinye iqonga ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungafanelekanga okanye ugwebe'…(Apha) ICarnival imiselwe ukwamkela inkonzo yenkqubo kwaye kuvunyelwene ukuyingenisa ulawulo lweenkundla zaseItali. ICarnival ikwavumile ukuhlawulisa umthetho wemida, ihloniphe naziphi na izigwebo zasemva kwesibheno ezingeniswe ziinkundla zase-Italiya kwaye yenze ubungqina obufanelekileyo bufumaneke e-Itali”.
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, liLungu leZibheno elidla umhlala-phantsi kwiCandelo leZibheno, kwiSebe lesiBini leNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York kwaye ebhala malunga noMthetho wokuHamba kangangeminyaka engama-41 kubandakanya neencwadi zakhe zomthetho ezihlaziyiweyo minyaka le, uMthetho woKhenketho, iLaw Journal Journal. (2016), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2016) nangaphezulu kwamanqaku angama-400 asemthethweni uninzi lwawo afumaneka nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Ukufumana iindaba ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho wokuhamba kunye nophuhliso, ngakumbi, kumazwe angamalungu e-EU jonga IFTTA.org
Eli nqaku alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.
Funda ezininzi ze Amanqaku kaJustice Dickerson apha.
