Uthethathethwano ngemozulu ye-COP28 lugqithise kwixesha elicwangcisiweyo ngoLwesibini njengoko izizwe bezizibandakanya kwiinzame zozakuzo ukuvala iyantlukwano ebalulekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokuphathwa kwamafutha efosili kuxwebhu lokugqibela lwale ngqungquthela. Isiphumo sale nkomfa siza kudlulisa umyalezo oqinileyo kubatyali-mali behlabathi nakwiimarike malunga nokuzimisela koorhulumente ekupheliseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile okanye ukugcina isikhundla sabo kwixa elizayo.
Amazwe amaninzi asigxekile isivumelwano sokuqala esikhutshwe ngoMvulo ngokusilela kwaso ukuxhasa ukukhutshwa kwe-fossil fuels, ethi izazinzulu zichonge njengelona galelo liphambili ekukhutshweni kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Phezu kwayo nje inkxaso evela kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100, kuquka iUnited States, iEU, namazwe akwiziqithi ezincinane, le migudu yajamelana nenkcaso ekrakra evela kumalungu eqela labavelisi beoli iOPEC namahlakani alo.
ISaudi Arabia iyachasa
ISaudi Arabia iye yachasa ngokuqhubekayo ukubandakanywa kolwimi oluchasene ne-fuel kwiintetho ze-COP28, ngokutsho kweengxoxo kunye nabakhi-mkhanyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amanye amalungu e-OPEC kunye ne-OPEC +, anjenge-Iran, i-Iraq, neRashiya, nawo abonise ukuxhathisa kwisivumelwano esijolise ekupheliseni amafutha efosili.
Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, kuquka i-Australia, iCanada, iChile, iNorway, i-European Union, kunye ne-United States, phakathi kweqela elinamandla le-100 elikhuthaza ukuzinikela okuqinileyo ekutshintsheni kude namalahle, i-oyile kunye negesi, bagxeka idrafti yangoMvulo ngokungafanelekanga. yomelele.
Malunga ne-80% yamandla ehlabathi asaveliswa yi-oyile, igesi, namalahle, ngaphandle kokunyuka okubalulekileyo kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kutsha nje.
iAfrika
Amazwe athile ase-Afrika agxininisa ukuba nasiphi na isivumelwano kufuneka sicacise ukuba amazwe afumileyo, anembali yokuveliswa kwamafutha efosili kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu, akhokele ekuyekisweni kokuwasebenzisa. Isikhundla seTshayina, elona galelo likhulu lokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kwihlabathi jikelele, kuyilo lokuqala luhleli lungaqinisekanga. U-Xie Zhenhua, ummeli onamava wase-China malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu, uvume inkqubela phambili yothethathethwano kodwa wavakalisa ukungaqiniseki malunga nokufikelela kwisivumelwano.
IsiQithi esiNcinci seMvume yokufa
Abameli belizwe leziqithi ezincinci bavakalise ukwala kwabo ukuvuma nasiphi na isivumelwano esiya kusebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokufa kumazwe achatshazelwe kakhulu kukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle.
“Ukususela kwingxubusho yasebusuku ukuya kwiintlanganiso zeqhinga lasekuseni namalungu eHigh Ambition Coalition, ndisebenza ngokuzimisela ukusombulula imiba esijongene nayo. Amazwe kufuneka adibane ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-COP28 iyimpumelelo. ICanada iyasebenza kulo mlo wekamva lethu. ”
– Obekekileyo uSteven Guilbeault, uMphathiswa wezeNdalo noTshintsho lweMozulu
Bukela iiVidiyo
"IAsinaxesha” umbutho unikeze ingxelo ngevidiyo kuzo zonke iintsuku zengxoxo esandul’ ukuqukunjelwa ye-COP28 eDubai, e-UAE:
Ingxelo yabathathi-nxaxheba kwiNgqungquthela ye-CO28
Omnye kwiibhiliyoni ezine ze-Cop28 abathunywa benze ubutyebi kumashishini angcolisayo kwaye banqwenela ukukhusela ukubawa kwabo.
Ummeli oKhethekileyo kaMongameli wase-US kwiMozulu uJohn Kerry: “Inkqubo yokubonisana njengoko kufanele. Abantu bamamele ngocoselelo kwaye kukho ukholo oluninzi etafileni ngoku abantu abazama ukufudukela kwindawo engcono”
Igqiza elisuka kuMphathiswa wezoKhenketho waseGrisi, elikhokelwa nguNobhala Jikelele woMgaqo-nkqubo woKhenketho noPhuhliso uMyron Flouris kunye noMlawuli Jikelele woMgaqo-nkqubo wezoKhenketho uPanagiota Dionysopoulou, babambe iingxoxo kumsitho okhethekileyo ngexesha le-COP28 ukuxoxa ngamaphulo obulungiseleli agxile ekukhawuleziseni isenzo semozulu. La manyathelo okuqala aquka ukusekwa kweNational Observatory yoKhenketho oluZinzileyo kunye neMeditera yokuqala yoKhenketho loKhenketho lwaseLwandle.
UNWTO UMlawuli weYurophu u-Alessandra Priante uye wabonisa inkxaso kwizicwangciso zaseGrisi zokudala i-observatory, egxininisa ukubaluleka kokumisela kunye nokufezekisa iithagethi zokuzinza.
Ngexesha le-COP28, uFlouris uququzelele ingxoxo yephaneli ejongene neenzame zentsebenziswano ezifunekayo ukufikelela kwiinjongo zozinzo kukhenketho lonxweme kunye nolwandle, ngelixa i-Dionysopoulou iququzelele ingxoxo yephaneli eyahlukileyo ngempembelelo yokuqokelela idatha ekuthathweni kwezigqibo ezinolwazi kuqoqosho, uluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. .
Eli qela laliquka abo babenenxaxheba kwimibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iTurismo de Portugal, iSebe lezoKhenketho laseCyprus, iCLIA (Cruise Lines International Association), iCroatia Institute for Tourism, Union for the Mediterranean, kunye neHellenic Centre for Marine Research.
Isindululo sokuseka i-observatory yesizwe saqala ukunyuswa ngo-2013, emva koko ngo-2020, kwaye kwakhona kulo nyaka nguMphathiswa wezoKhenketho waseGrike u-Olga Kefalogianni ngexesha lokuvota kwepalamente kumthetho omtsha wokhenketho. Abenzi bomthetho baseGrike bavume umthetho oyilwayo obizwa ngokuba yiMibonelelo yokomeleza uPhuhliso loKhenketho oluZinzileyo ngevoti eninzi, egxile kuzinzo, ukufikeleleka, ukongezwa kwexabiso, kunye nokusasazwa ngokulinganayo kokuhamba kokhenketho.
Ngaba i-COP28 yenze inkqubela enganelanga kwezokhenketho?
Ekuvukeni kwemfuno engxamisekileyo yezicwangciso zezenzo zemozulu, iTürkiye iye yaphuhlisa inkqubo yokhenketho ezinzileyo yelizwe ngokubambisana ne-GSTC ukuqinisekisa indawo yokuhlala.
Abathunywa abasuka kwi #KRG (Kurdistan) UMphathiswa wooMasipala noKhenketho bazimase iseshoni yama-28 yeNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoTshintsho lweMozulu yamaQela e-UAE (COP28) kwaye yanikezela kwiphaneli yeeprojekthi ezininzi nezindululo ze-KRG. Urhulumente weNgingqi yaseKurdistan
Umthunywa wemozulu kaJoe Biden yayinguJohn Kerry. UseDubai kwingqungquthela yemozulu yeCOP28 kwaye indlela ayithandayo yokuhamba yijethi yabucala. Ulumkise iBritane kunye neJamani ukuba bangabuyeli “kwishishini njengesiqhelo” ngamafutha eefosili kwaye bagcine iziVumelwano zaseParis.
Iintaba zibalulekile kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye zixhasa izigidi zendlela yokuphila. Kodwa utshintsho lwemozulu lunempembelelo eyoyikisayo, kunye nomkhenkce onyamalalayo kunye nokugquma kwekhephu kwindawo ephantsi kumashumi eminyaka. I-16th Focal Point Forum, ebanjwe ngexesha le-COP28, yagxininisa ukuba izikhewu zolwazi zithintela iinzame zokuziqhelanisa ezintabeni nakwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bachaza iinkalo eziphambili zokubambisana phantsi kweNkqubo yoMsebenzi waseNairobi kunyaka ozayo: Ukwabelana ngolwazi olusekelwe kubungqina, izisombululo ezilungiselelweyo, intsebenziswano yobuchule kunye nenkxaso yemali.
Iwotshi ihambelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukunqanda ezona mpembelelo zimbi kakhulu, kufuneka sinciphise ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngama-43% ngowama-2030.
Amazwe asakhasayo, adla ngokungabi namithombo yokutshintsha icarbon ephantsi, anokuba negalelo njani? Inqaku lesi-6 lesiVumelwano saseParis libambe isitshixo. Ivumela intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ijongane nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye ivule inkxaso yemali kumazwe asakhasayo.
Kwi-COP28, abathethi-thethwano bagxile ekusulungekiseni izixhobo zeNqaku lesi-6 ukwenza imakethi yekhabhoni yehlabathi eyomeleleyo nengafihliyo, ukukhawulezisa ukucutha ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye nokuxhasa amazwe asaphuhlayo ekwakhiweni kokumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukuxhasa ukuqukunjelwa kwe-stocktake yokuqala yehlabathi kwi-COP28, i-High-Level Champions kunye ne-Marrakech Partnership ikhuphe ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'2030 Climate Solutions: An Implementation Roadmap.' Ingxelo iqulethe iseti yezisombululo, kunye nemibono evela kuluhlu olubanzi lwabachaphazelekayo abangengawo amaqela ngamanyathelo afuna ukunyuswa kwaye aphindwe ukuze kucuthwe ngesiqingatha ukukhutshwa kwehlabathi, ukulungisa izikhewu zokulungelelanisa, kunye nokwandisa ukomelela kwabantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-4 ngo-2030.
Njengoko i-COP28 ingena kwinqanaba lokugqibela, kunye namaQela asebenza ubusuku nemini ukuze afumane indawo efanayo kwizigqibo kunye neziphumo, uMongameli we-COP uye wadibana nawo onke amazwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Majlis.'
I-Majlis - igama lesi-Arabhu elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwibhunga okanye indibano ekhethekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ehlanganisa uluntu lwabadala - ibanjwe kwi-COP28 kwindawo evulekileyo kwinqanaba loMphathiswa kunye neNtloko yabathunywa. Injongo kukuhlanganisa zonke izigqibo ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo ukubetha ibhalansi elungileyo. I-Majlis iqale izolo ukukhuthaza iingxoxo "zentliziyo entliziyweni", ngokutsho kukaMongameli we-COP.
Njengoko i-COP28 ingena kwikhaya elilula, uNobhala we-UN woTshintsho lweMozulu wenze isibheno esingxamisekileyo ngale ntsasa, ebiza abo bathethathethana ukuba banikezele ngesona siphumo "siphezulu".
“Ndibongoza abo bathetha-thethana ukuba bakukhabe okongezelelekayo,” utshilo. "Inyathelo ngalinye lokubuya kolona bhongo liphezulu liya kuxabisa izigidi zabantu, hayi kumjikelo olandelayo wezopolitiko okanye wezoqoqosho, ukuze iinkokeli zexesha elizayo zijongane nazo, kodwa ngoku, kwilizwe ngalinye."
Asinamzuzu wokuphulukana nolu hambo lubalulekileyo lwekhaya, kwaye akukho namnye kuthi okhe walala ubuthongo obuninzi, ke ndiza kuba mfutshane ngendlela emangalisayo kumazwi am.
Abathetha-thethwano banethuba, kanye apha eDubai kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezizayo, ukuqala isahluko esitsha-esibonelela abantu kunye neplanethi.
Owona mnqweno uphakamileyo wemozulu uthetha imisebenzi emininzi, uqoqosho olomeleleyo, ukukhula koqoqosho olomeleleyo, ukuncipha kongcoliseko, kunye nempilo engcono. Ukomelela ngakumbi, ukukhusela abantu kulo lonke ilizwe kwiingcuka zemozulu kwiminyango yethu.
Amandla akhuselekileyo, afikelelekayo, akhuselekileyo kumntu wonke, ngotshintsho lwamandla ahlaziyekayo olungashiyi ilizwe okanye uluntu ngasemva, endaweni yoko lushiya ngasemva ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili. Kwaye njengoko benditshilo amaxesha amaninzi, imali kufuneka ibe sisiseko sokukhulisa isenzo semozulu kuyo yonke imida.
Makhe ndikuqinisekise - ngokweembono zethu kwi-UN yoTshintsho lweMozulu - amanqanaba aphezulu amabhongo anokwenzeka kubo bobabini.
IGlobal Stocktake idinga ukunceda onke amazwe ukuba aphume kobu bugxwayiba. Naziphi na izigcayiseli ezicwangcisiweyo ezithi zivuthele umntu omnye, zivuthele wonke umntu.
Ihlabathi libukele, njengamalungu angama-4000 osasazo lwehlabathi, kunye namawakawaka abantu ababukeleyo apha eDubai. Akukho ndawo yokufihlakala.
Inye into eqinisekileyo: 'Ndiphumelele - uphulukene nawe' yindlela yokusilela xa kudityanisiwe. Ekugqibeleni lukhuseleko lwabantu abazibhiliyoni ezisi-8 olusemngciphekweni.
Inzululwazi ngumqolo weSivumelwano saseParis, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwiinjongo zobushushu behlabathi kunye nomda weplanethi ye-1.5. Elo ziko kufuneka libambe.
Kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 yeSibhengezo seHlabathi samaLungelo oLuntu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ingxaki yemozulu ayiyongxaki yokusingqongileyo, yingxaki yamalungelo oluntu nayo.
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, izehlo zemozulu ezimandundu, kunye nokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle kubeka emngciphekweni amalungelo axhasa isidima nentlalontle yethu. Amalungelo okutya, amanzi kunye nogutyulo, izindlu ezifanelekileyo, impilo, uphuhliso, kwanobomi ngokwabo zonke zisemngciphekweni.
U-Anu Chaudhary, uMlingane kunye neNtloko ye-Global, i-ESG Practice, i-Uniqus Consultech ithe
“Usuku lokugqibela lwesihloko kwi-COP28 namhlanje lugxile “kukutya, ezoLimo kunye naManzi”. Ayikho enye iNgqungquthela ye-COP kwimbali ebeke oku phantsi kwesikena ngaphambili: ngenxa yoko, amazwe ali-152 ngoku asayine 'i-UAE Declaration for Food Systems, Agriculture, and Climate Action'. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokudibeneyo sinokufikelela kwi-5.9 yeebhiliyoni zabantu, amafama angama-518 ezigidi, i-73 yeepesenti yokutya esikutyayo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-78 zokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse evela kwicandelo lokutya nezolimo.
Ukufezekisa nantoni na enentsingiselo, oorhulumente kufuneka basebenze kwizibophelelo zabo zokusa amafama ubuchule obutsha obufanelekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Umanyano lweDairy Methane Alliance olubhengezwe kwi-COP28 ziinkampani ezintandathu ezinkulu zokutya zehlabathi bubungqina bendima eliza kucelwa icandelo labucala ukuba liyidlalile.
Ngethemba, xa umhlaba udibana kwakhona kwi-COP29 kulo nyaka uzayo, siya kuba nempumelelo eyaneleyo yokufumana iimeko zemozulu kweli candelo libaluleke kakhulu. ”
Intshukumo yemozulu esekelwe kumalungelo ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezigqibo zemozulu zisekelwe kwaye zithobela imigaqo yamalungelo oluntu.
Uluntu, abantu bomthonyama, kunye nolutsha, phakathi kwabanye, baye babandakanyeka kwizenzo zokukhuthaza ngexesha le-COP28 kunye neefowuni zokuba umnqweno wemozulu kunye nesenzo kufuneka sisekelwe kwintlonipho yamalungelo oluntu.
Indalo, umhlaba kunye nolwandle zibonelela ngokutya namanzi kwaye zixhasa zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imozulu.
Uthotho lwemisitho esecaleni ekhokelwa lulutsha, iindibano zocweyo, kunye neeseshini zokusebenzisana ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ulutsha zenzeka ngexesha leCOP28.
Imimandla yasezidolophini inegalelo elikhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu, ibalelwa kuma-71-76% okukhutshwa kweCO2 kusetyenziso lwamandla okugqibela kwihlabathi. Kwaye ngo-2050, kusenokubakho umkhweli ophindwe kathathu ukuya kane umgama weekhilomitha ezihanjiweyo kunonyaka wama-2000. (UN-Habitat)
NgoMhla wokuHlaliswa eziDolophini kunye noSuku lwezoThutho kwi-COP28, lugxile kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo zezixeko ezisempilweni, ezidlamkileyo, nezingangcolisekanga kangako kumntu wonke.
Abemi bomthonyama badlala indima ephambili ekufumaneni izisombululo zemozulu. Ukujongana nemingeni yokulungelelanisa iinkulungwane, baye baqulunqa izicwangciso zokuqina kwiindawo eziguqukayo ezinokomeleza iinzame zangoku kunye nezexesha elizayo.
“Abantu bomthonyama baphambili kwintlekele yemozulu. Babekwe kakuhle ukuba bakhokele iinguqu ezisekelwe kwimilinganiselo yabo ehlonitshwa lixesha, ulwazi, kunye nembono yehlabathi, "watsho uNobhala weZizwe eziManyeneyo woTshintsho lweMozulu uSimon Stiell.
Itheyibhile engqukuva kunye nolutsha lweMveli kunye nolutsha oluvela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni lubonise iingcebiso malunga nentatho-nxaxheba enentsingiselo yabantu boMthonyama kwimigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu kunye nezenzo.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela ngokungafanelekanga abantu abasesichengeni, ingakumbi abasetyhini abahlwempuzekileyo ngenxa yokuthembela kwabo kwimithombo yendalo kunye nokufikelela okunqongopheleyo ekuthatheni izigqibo. Nangona imingeni, abafazi basabela kwinguqu yemozulu ngolwazi lwabo lweengcali kunye nobunkokeli ekuzinzeni.
USuku lweSini lwe-COP28 lugxile ekuqinisekiseni imigaqo-nkqubo ebandakanyayo yenguqu enobulungisa eqaphela indima ebalulekileyo yabasetyhini ekukhuthazeni uluntu olukwaziyo ukunyamezela kunye nentshukumo esebenzayo yemozulu, igxininisa imfuneko yokuphucula ukusabela ngokwesini kwimithombo yobutyebi yemozulu kunye nezezimali.
