IChianti Classico okanye iChianti: Ngaba ibalulekile ngokwenene?

Umahluko

Nokuba iglasi yakho iphethe iChianti Classico okanye iChianti, iwayini zenziwe ngeediliya zeSangiovese; nangona kunjalo, umthombo weediliya uya kwahluka.

I-rooster emnyama (i-gallo nero) yi-logo ye-Chianti Classico kwaye i-harkens ibuyele kwi-legend malunga nokusetyenziswa kwee-roosters ukulungisa ingxabano yomda phakathi kwamaphondo aseSienna naseFlorence. I-cockerel emnyama yayiyisimboli sikaFlorence, kwaye i-cockerel emhlophe yayimele uSienna.

Ukuzalwa kukaChianti

Kwinkulungwane yama-13, Chianti yayilikomkhulu lezemali laseYurophu. Iintsapho ze-Medici kunye ne-Frescobaldi zaqulunqa ingcamango yebhanki kunye neentsapho ezityebileyo zilawula ubume bemali kwisiqingatha seYurophu. Ngayo yonke imali eya eTuscany, abantu abahloniphekileyo bakha iivillas ezinkulu kunye ezintle, kwaye baphila ubomi obutofotofo.

Ngelo xesha, igama elithi Chianti yayisisithili sejografi kungekhona isimbo sewayini. IiNtaba zaseChianti zaziquka ummandla ongqonge idolophu yaseCastellina, iRadda, neGaiole, ummandla ngoku obizwa ngokuba yiLeague of Chianti. UManyano yayiyintlangano yezopolitiko neyomkhosi ngenjongo yokukhusela ummandla waseChianti egameni leRiphabliki yaseFlorence. Iiwayini zokuqala eziveliswe kule ndawo bezimhlophe.

Ngomnyaka ka 1716, iChianti yaba yindawo yokuqala yehlabathi eyohlulwe ngokusesikweni ingingqi yewayini njengoko yabhengezwa nguCosimo III, iGrand Duke yaseTuscany.

Lo myalelo wawuchaza umda wento ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yiChianti Classico (Radda, Gaiole, Castellina, Greve and Panzano.). UBaron Bettinio Ricasoli, iNkulumbuso yesibini yase-Italiya, unikwe imbeko ngokuphuhlisa iwayini yohlobo lwe Chianti. Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, emva kokuzama iminyaka emininzi, wafumanisa ukuba iChianti yayiza kuba ngumxube obomvu owawulawulwa yiSangiovese (yentyatyambo kunye namandla), kunye nokongeza iCanaiolo ukuthambisa amava enkalakahla. Imidiliya emhlophe yase Malvasia yayivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwiwayini eziya kuselwa kwangethuba kwaye yayingakhuthazwa ukuba igcinwe. Ukugada iwayini zaseChianti iChianti Classico Consortium (1924) yadalwa ngenjongo yokukhusela, ukongamela, kunye nokunyusa ixabiso lehlelo leChianti Classico.

 IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yamisa yonke i-viticulture. Ngexesha le-1950-60s inkqubo yokwabelana ngezabelo yapheliswa kulo lonke elase-Itali, kwaye abasebenzi bashiya ezilalini besiya kwizixeko ezikhulu. Imithetho yase-Italiya neyaseYurophu yakhuthaza ukulima imidiliya esekelwe kwimveliso yobuninzi. Ubungakanani bukhethwe kunomgangatho. Ii-clones ezinesivuno esiphezulu zakhuthazwa.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1967 i-Chianti DOC yadalwa kwaye i-Ricasoli Formula yaphefumlela imimiselo ye-DOC ekhuthaza ukugxila kwi-Sangiovese. Ngaphambi komsebenzi kaRicasoli, iCanaiolo yayingumdiliya okhokelayo ngombala obomvu isianti iwayini (kwakulula ukuyikhulisa), ehlala ixutywa neminye imidiliya kuquka iSangiovese, iMammolo, kunye neMarzemino. Imithetho ye-Chianti DOC de facto yehlise umgangatho weemfuno zewayini kwaye yaphazamisa abo bavelisi abanomdla wokugqwesa.

Chianti Classico 2000

Ngo-1989 iChianti Classico yaba lithuba lokuguqula izibizo zewayini ezahlukahlukeneyo zaseSangiovese eTuscany. Le projekthi ithathe iminyaka eli-16 kwaye ikhokelele ekwenziweni kwemephu yee-clones ezingama-239 zaseSangiovese. Kule minyaka i-Consortium igxininise ekuphuculeni umfanekiso weChianti Classico kwaye kwi-1996 yamkelwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye i-Chianti Classico yaba sisibizo esizimeleyo se-DOCG.

Iintlobo zewayini zeChianti

•             Umgangatho weChianti. Ubuncinci be 70 yepesenti yeediliya zeSangiovese; eseleyo i-30 ekhulwini ngumxube weMerlot, iSyrah, iCabernet okanye iCanaiolo Nero, kunye neColorino; ubudala 3-6 iinyanga.

•             Chianti Classico. Ubuncinane ngama-80 ekhulwini eSangiovese; i-20 yepesenti eseleyo (okanye ngaphantsi) umxube wezinye iidiliya ezibomvu ezivela kwisithili saseClassico; ubuncinci beenyanga ezili-10-12 ngaphambi kokukhululwa; ithwala i-gallo nero -i-rooster seal emnyama.

•             Chianti Classico DOCG iidiliya zikhuliswa kwizidiliya ezityalwe kwindawo eziphakamileyo kune Chianti DOCG. Jonga i-adventures yokungcamla ebandakanya i-violets, kunye ne-spice ephucula i-cherry enejusi. Iitannins kunye nolwakhiwo lonyuka ngomgangatho obonisa iziqhamo kunye ne-terroir kune-oki. I-oki entsha, ezisa iziqholo zokubhaka kunye ne-vanilla kwiwayini, ubukhulu becala, iye yacinywa kumxube endaweni yayo ziibhokisi ezinkulu ze-oki eziboleka ukubonakala kwewayini.

• Ngokomthetho, iidiliya zaseChianti Classico zinokulinywa kuphela kwiphondo laseFlorence naseSienna okanye kwiilokishi ezichongiweyo. Iwayini ingenziwa ubuncinane kwi 80 yepesenti yomdiliya obomvu we Sangiovese – ngokukodwa xa ubuninzi be 20 pesenti yeminye imidiliya ebomvu equka iColino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, kunye ne Merlot. Umdiliya omhlophe wavalwa ngowama-2006. Ukongeza, iwayini kufuneka ikhule ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezilishumi phambi kokuba ifakwe ebhotileni, ikhule kwimiphanda ye-oki ubuncinane iinyanga ezingama-10-20, kwaye ihambise ubuncinci be-24 yepesenti yotywala.

•             IChianti Classico DOCG ibandakanya iiCommunes eziThoba

UBarberino Val d'Elsa

Castellina e Chianti

UCastelnuovo Berardenga

Gaiole eChianti

Xhuma eChianti

I-Poggibonsi

IRadda eChianti

San Casciano Val di Pesa

Tavernelle Val di Pes

•             Chianti Riserva. Inkqubo yokuguga ixesha elide kwiinyanga ezingama-24-38 ivumela i-tannins ukuba ilula kwaye yongeza ubunzima obukhulu kunye nokwakheka.

•             Chianti Superiore. Iidiliya zeSangiovese ezikhuliswe ngaphandle kwesithili saseClassico ngokubanzi ukusuka kwizidiliya ezinesivuno esisezantsi; ubuncinane beenyanga ezili-9 zokuguga.

•             UMakhulu uSelezione. Idalwe ngo-2014, ibonisa iidiliya eziphuma kwizidiliya ezizezona zintle; Ubuncinci beenyanga ezingama-30 zokuguga ngaphambi kokukhululwa; ithathwa njengephakathi kweChiantis ekumgangatho ophezulu ekhoyo.

Iintlobo zeWayini

•             DOCG. Imvelaphi yenkonzo elawulwayo neqinisekisiweyo

Elona nqanaba liphezulu lezithintelo ukusuka kwindlela iidiliya ezithuthwa ngayo ukusuka kwintsimi yediliya ukuya kwi-cellar, ukulungiswa, kunye nokufaka iibhotile. Iidiliya kunye ne wayini kufuneka ziveliswe kwindawo yemvelaphi. Iwayini zijongwa ngohlalutyo lwekhemikhali kunye nomzimba kunye neepaneli ezimbini zeengcali zokungcamla phambi kokuba zamkelwe.

•             DOC. Ihlelo leMvelaphi eLawulwayo

Izithintelo zininzi kodwa imimiselo ingaphantsi kune-DOCG njengoko yayidalwe ukuhlola iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zendawo enkulu kancinane kune-DOCG yewayini. Iidiliya kunye newayini kufuneka ziveliswe ngaphakathi kwiNdawo yeMvelaphi kwaye zixhomekeke kulawulo olunye ngohlahlelo lwekhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo kunye nepaneli enye yokungcamla. Iwayini ezibomvu nezimhlophe zibandakanyiwe kolu didi.

•             IGT. Indicazione Geografica Tipica

Uluhlu olutsha apho iwayini zenziwa kwindawo enkulu yemveliso kunye nokuguquguquka okwandisiweyo ukuze umvelisi abe "ngoyedwa." Iiwayini ze-IGT zihlala zinxulunyaniswa “new wave” yendalo ephilayo, ye-biodynamic kunye newayini zendalo. Iidiliya kunye ne wayini kufuneka ziveliswe kwindawo yemvelaphi. Iwayini ziyahlalutywa kodwa akukho vavanyo lokungcamla olufunekayo njengoko incasa inokwahluka kwibhotile enye ukuya kwenye. Kujongwe ngokobuchule “ngaphantsi kwe” DOC; ngokwenyani, ezinye zezona wayini zaseItali zingcono zifumaneka kolu didi. Iwayini ezibomvu, ezimhlophe kunye nerose zibandakanyiwe kuhlelo lwe-IGT.

•             VDT. Vino Da Tavola (Vino)

Udidi lwewayini olusisiseko nolwaziwa ngokuba yiTafile Wine ayibonakalisi ngokwejografi kwaye ingaquka iidiliya ezilinywa naphina eItali. Iwayini ze-VDT zikholisa ukungathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwaye zithathwa njengezikumgangatho ophantsi.              

Chianti Classico 2000

IChianti, ekummandla waseTuscany, imida yayo yandiswa ngurhulumente wase-Italiya ngo-1932 njengoko ezi ndawo bezisenza iwayini ye-chianti amashumi eminyaka. Kwi-1996 iChianti Classico DOCG yaba yinkonzo yayo eyahlukileyo, ishiya i-subzones ezintandathu kwi-Chianti DOCG. Ngowe-1967 indawo engaphantsi kwesixhenxe, iMontespertoli yongezwa. Ngoku, indawo esezantsi yesibhozo yazisiwe.

Iprojekthi yeChianti Classico 2000 yayiyilwe yiConsorzio ngo-1987 ukuze iphucule imveliso yeviticulture kule ngingqi kwaye iphucule umgangatho wewayini ezizayo.

Yavunywa nguMphathiswa wezoLimo kunye nolawulo lwengingqi yaseTuscan ngo-1988; ivunywe kwaye ixhaswa ngemali yi-EU.

Le projekthi yayiquka intsebenziswano phakathi kwezikolo zezolimo kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorence kunye neYunivesithi yasePisa kwaye yathatha iminyaka eyi-16 ukuyigqiba. Yahlulahlulwe yangamanqanaba amathathu:

1. Kwindawo yovavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa

2. Uhlalutyo lwedatha

3. Ukupapashwa kweziphumo

• Izidiliya ezili-16 zovavanyo zatyalwa kwindawo egcweleyo yeehektare ezingama-25 (61.75 iihektare)

• 5 iiseli zophando ezisekiweyo ukwenza iibhetshi zovavanyo lweediliya zibe vinify kwisidiliya ngasinye

• Izikhululo zemozulu ezincinci ezili-10 zaye zafakwa kuwo wonke ummandla ukuze kulandelelwe iipatheni zemozulu ezincinci nezinkulu

Ekugqityweni kophando, amalungu eprojekthi yolungiselelo avumelene ukuba:

1. Chonga ii-clones ezizezona zilungele ukulima

2. Chonga ezona ndlela zokulima

3. Ukuphucula imveliso yeediliya kunye nemveliso yewayini ibe yeyanamhlanje

4. Ukubonelela abavelisi baseChianti Classico ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa.

Isifundo

Iintlobo zediliya zanamhlanje kunye nokwenza iwayini kwingingqi yeChianti Classico:

1.            Iindidi zeediliya. Uphononongo lweediliya ezibomvu ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeChianti Classico; iidiliya ziquka Sangiovese, Canalolo, Colorino, Malvasia Nera

2.            Ingcambu. Ukulinganisa iimpawu ze-rootstocks ezikhethiweyo ezisetyenziswayo kwaye zithathwa njengezona zilungelelaniswayo kwimihlaba kunye nemozulu yeChianti Classico. Ezinye iingcambu azizange zisetyenziswe kummandla; Uphononongo lubandakanya ukulinga ngobuchule bokuxhunyelelwa

3.            Ukuxinana kokuTyala. Ukulinganisa isiphumo sokuxinana kokutyala ngokufanelekileyo kwingingqi kunye namanqanaba emveliso ukusuka kwi-3000-9000 yezityalo ngehektare nganye: ilandelwe: indawo kunye nesivuno; indlela yokuziphatha kwezityalo zomdiliya, ifuthe kumdiliya, kunye nomgangatho wewayini. Isiphumo: Uxinaniso lwezityalo ezingama-5000 ngehektare nganye zibonise ibhalansi elolona hlobo ngokophuhliso kunye nezivuno ezincinci.

4.            Uqeqesho lomdiliya. Ukulinganisa impembelelo yeenkqubo zetrellising zasemzini kunye nezesintu kumgangatho wediliya kunye newayini; ukuthathela ingqalelo ukunciphisa iindleko eziphezulu zokuthenwa ngesandla; iziphumo zokuba inkqubo ye-Espalier kwiisentimitha ezingama-60 ibonise ezona ziphumo zithembisayo.

5.            Ulawulo Lomhlaba. Iziphumo zokukhula kwengca elawulwayo ukunqanda ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, nokuphucula ulawulo lwesidiliya ngokubanzi. Iziphumo: Abavelisi basebenzisa ingca njengesityalo sokugquma ngokuqhubekayo kwaye bakuphephe ukusebenza ngomhlaba kwiindawo ezijikelezayo xa kunokwenzeka.

6.            UPhando loKhetho lweClonal. Gxininisa kwiintlobo zeChianti Classico: Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Colorino. Iziphumo: zichonge ii-clones ezintsha ezi-8 ezilungele ummandla weChianti Classico; iikloni ezisixhenxe zeSangiovese kunye neColorino enye. Iiclones ezintsha zibonise amaqunube amancinci, izikhumba ezityebileyo, iziqwenga ezivuleke ngakumbi; kakhulu ukuhambelana ngeemeko zemozulu; iiclones ezintsha zingenwe kubhaliso lwesizwe lwase-Italiya lweentlobo zediliya njengeChianti Classico 2000.

Iziphumo: Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-60 pesenti yezidiliya zaseChianti Classico ziya kuphinda zityalwe kwii-clones ezintsha kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo ukuba ziyafumaneka urhwebo. Kuxabisa malunga ne-35,000 yee-Euro ukutyala ihektare enye yemidiliya emitsha. Iiclones ezintsha ezinokwenza kube lula ukulinywa kunye newayini ezingaguquguqukiyo ezine tannins ezithambileyo. Kulindeleke ukuba kubekho umkhwa okhulayo obhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni okuncinci kweentlobo zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokubuyela kwimibhobho ephakathi ephakathi ngokuchasene ne-barriques.

Wamkelekile kwi UGA. Kufuneka Ukwazi

Iqela labavelisi beChianti Classico abangama-500 mva nje livotele ukuvumela abavelisi bewayini kwizahlulo ezili-11 ukuba bongeze i-UGA (i-Additional Geographic Units) kwiwayini yabo yeChianti Classico Gran Selelione (ebalelwa kwisi-6 ekhulwini semveliso yale ngingqi) ukuba bakhetha njalo. Le nkqubo intsha yokuhlela ijolise ekuchongeni nasekuhlukaniseni umahluko kwimozulu kunye neendidi zomhlaba kulo mmandla. Izibizo azisekelwanga kwisayensi nangona kunjalo, kodwa kundibaniselwano yezinto zomzimba nezomntu

Ngokutsho kukaMongameli we-Chianti Classico consortium, u-Giovanni Manetti, "Intsimi yenza umahluko," kunye nokuchongwa kwe-Chianti Classico UGA kunika abathengi ukufikelela kulwazi malunga neendawo (ii) zokulima. Isibini esithathwini salo mmandla sigutyungelwe yimithi kunye nesinye kwishumi kuphela esizinikele ekulimeni iwayini kwaye ngaphezulu kwe 50 yepesenti ezinikele ekulimeni ngokwemvelo. Ukusukela ngoMatshi ka-2021, bekukho iilebhile eziyi-182 zeGran Selelione eziveliswe ziinkampani ezili-154 kwintengiso. I-UGA iya kuba nefuthe malunga neepesenti ezi-6 zemveliso yeClassico iyonke.

Umxube wezi wayini wonyusa ipesenti ye Sangiovese ukusuka kwi 80 yepesenti ukuya kubuncinci be 90 pesenti kwaye nokusetyenziswa kwemidiliya yemveli ebomvu ngokwesintu ekhoyo kwingingqi yase Chianti ishumi lepesenti elishiyekileyo lizakutsalwa kwiindidi zalapha kuphela (oko kukuthi, iColino, Canaiolo , Ciliegiolo, Mammolo, Pugnitello, Malvasia Nera, Foglia Tonda). I-Cabernet, iMerlot, kunye nezinye iidiliya aziyi kuvunyelwa kumxube we-GS kwaye zinokubonisa "isiphelo esipheleleyo" kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "yincasa yamazwe ngamazwe."

Isiganeko. Chianti Classico. UGA

Ndisandula ukwaziswa ngewayini kwindawo echongiweyo ye-UGA kumsitho obubanjelwe eManhattan. Esi siganeko saphawula ukuvuma ngokusemthethweni kweenguqu ezibalulekileyo kwi-terroir yengingqi yaseTuscan. Abavelisi abangamashumi amathandathu bazise iwayini yabo kwabazimasi abangaphezu kwama-300 kuquka abathengi/abathengisi bewayini, abafundisi-ntsapho kunye namajelo eendaba.

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.

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