Umthetho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokuba uqokelela uninzi lwezihloko kwezi ntsuku, kodwa kukude nokuphela kwetyala elijikeleza kwiCapitol Hill. Omnye umthetho omtsha ngokuzolileyo wenza indlela yawo eya kwidesika kaMongameli Obama nguMthetho wokuKhuthaza ukuHamba (TPA) - sele uvunyiwe yiNdlu yeeNgwevu kwaye ngoku uphambi kweNdlu - eya kuseka ibhodi yokuqala yezokhenketho esemthethweni yelizwe.
Phantse ilizwe ngalinye ehlabathini, elikhulu nelincinci, linesebe lezokhenketho elisemthethweni ukutsala abakhenkethi kumanxweme alo. ITunisia encinci ineeofisi zokhenketho ezingama-24 kumazwe ali-19 kwihlabathi liphela. UMzantsi Afrika uneeofisi ezili-10 kumazwekazi amane. IMelika ayinayo, ixhomekeke kwindawo yabucala ukutsala abakhenkethi. "Iinqwelomoya, abakhenkethi, iihotele - banoxanduva lokukhuthaza iMelika," utshilo uHenry Harteveldt, umhlalutyi weshishini lokuhamba kwiForrester Research eSan Francisco. "Urhulumente uyekile kolu hlobo lwamanyathelo kwaye ngenxa yoko, siphulukene nabahambi."
Ngenene, ngelixa uhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwandile, ukusuka kwi-124 yezigidi zabahambi behlabathi ngo-2000 ukuya kwi-173 yezigidi kunyaka ophelileyo, utyelelo lonyaka lwabantu basemzini ukuya eUnited States luye lwancipha, ukusuka kwi-26 yezigidi ngo-2000 ukuya kwi-25.3 yezigidi ngo-2008. ibonakala incinci, de ucinge ukuba ixabisa ilizwe malunga ne-27 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwingeniso yerhafu elahlekileyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ngamanqanaba okungabikho kwemisebenzi ngoku aphezulu kwi-10% e-US, izibonelelo zezoqoqosho zokuhamba kwamanye amazwe azizange zingxamiseke ngakumbi, kodwa iindwendwe azizange zinqongophele. “Samkela abakhenkethi abambalwa nangakumbi minyaka le,” ukhalaza watsho uGeoff Freeman, usekela mongameli omkhulu wemicimbi kawonke-wonke kwi-US Travel, iqela lesizwe elimela ishishini lokukhenketha.
Ukunceda ukugcina abahambi bengekho zizithintelo ezingqongqo zee-visa, iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokungena kwiidesika zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokwanda ngokubanzi kweemvakalelo ezichasene neMelika emva kweemfazwe zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. UHarteveldt uthi: “Sasibathatha lula abahambi bamanye amazwe yaye ngempazamo sasicinga ukuba baza kuqhubeka besiza.
Ababukeli baseWashington balindele ukuba i-TPA iphumelele i-Senate ekupheleni konyaka. Nje ukuba yenziwe, iya kudala amaqumrhu amabini amatsha - iOfisi yokuKhuthaza ukuHamba kunye neQumrhu lokuKhuthaza ukuHamba - ukunceda iindwendwe zangaphandle zingene kweli lizwe. Iiofisi ziya kusebenza njengezibonelelo zabo bobabini abahambahambayo kunye neshishini lokuhamba, lichaza imimiselo ye-visa kunye neemfuno zokungena, ukubonelela ngedatha yendawo kunye nokuxhasa amaphulo okuthengisa. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuphakamisa isizwe siphela - endaweni yenqwelomoya ethile okanye indawo ekuyiwa kuyo - abaxhasi be-TPA bathi umthetho oyilwayo unokuhenda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.6 yezigidi zabakhenkethi ukuba bandwendwele eMelika minyaka le. Oko kuthetha ukuba kuqikelelwa kwiibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeerandi kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho, nto leyo enokubangela imisebenzi emitsha engama-40,000.
"Umthetho omtsha ngokusisiseko umalunga nokudala imisebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza imisebenzi yezoqoqosho," kuchaza uSenator Byron Dorgan (D-ND), umxhasi ophambili webhili kunye nelungu eliphambili leKomitana yeSenate yezoThutho, iZindlu kunye noPhuhliso lweDolophu. “Iya kunceda nokubeka ubuso obungcono kuluntu esizweni,” wongeza uDorgan. “Ngelixa amanye amazwe esebenza nzima ukutsala abakhenkethi, kubonakala ngathi sithumela umyalezo wokuba asibafuni apha.”
I-TPA iya kuba nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluya kuthi ga kwi-200 yezigidi zeerandi, ixhaswa ngeminikelo evela kwicandelo labucala (iihotele kunye neenqwelomoya, umzekelo) kunye nomrhumo omtsha we-$ 10 oya kuhlawulwa nguye nawuphi na undwendwe olungenayo olungenayo i-visa yokungena. Inqaku lokugqibela libonakalise ukuba liyimpikiswano - ngakumbi kubakhenkethi abaninzi baseYurophu ekuya kufuneka balwe nezo ndleko zongezelelweyo. Unozakuzaku uJohn Bruton, intloko yegqiza leKhomishini yaseYurophu e-United States, ubize irhafu enokuthi ibe “lucalucalulo” kwingxelo kaSeptemba, kwaye walumkisa ngelithi “inokuba linyathelo elibuyela umva kumzamo wethu wokuhamba ngenqanawa elwandle.”
Nangona umrhumo unokuthi "ufihlwe" kwiinqwelo-moya, uHarteveldt unexhala lokuba ekugqibeleni ingasebenza ngokuchasene namalinge e-TPA kwaye "ibuye izosikhathaza." Kodwa uSenator Dorgan ubala ukuba i-10 yeedola isezantsi kakhulu kunemirhumo efanayo - ukusuka kwirhafu yokungena yase-Ireland yeedola ezili-14 ukuya kwi-UK's whopping $100 - ihlawulwe ngabantu baseMelika xa behambela phesheya. Kwaye ngamazwe angama-35 kuya kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo, ngaphantsi kwe-30% yabahambi bangaphandle abaya kuchaphazeleka.
Sele ingaphezu kweminyaka elishumi ukusukela oko uRhulumente wase-US eqale wazama ukwenza iofisi yezokhenketho esemthethweni. Ngo-1996, phantsi koMongameli uBill Clinton, uMbutho weSizwe wezoKhenketho wase-US waphehlelelwa, kuphela ukuba ulahlwe kwiminyaka emithathu kamva ngenxa yokungonelanga kwenkxaso-mali ye-Congressional - njengoko kwakukho iinzame ezalandelayo kwi-2001 kunye ne-2003. , kubonakala ngathi ifumene inkxaso eyaneleyo ukuba idluliselwe emthethweni - kwaye ixhaswa ngemali kwisenzo. UFreeman wase-US uyavuma ukuba iya kuba ngomnye unyaka phambi kokuba iOfisi yokuNyuswa kokuHamba isebenze ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa uqinisekile ukuba iWashington iya kuluqonda uncedo lokunyuka kohambo lwangaphandle ukuya ekubuyiselweni kwesizwe ngokwemali. “Esi sisiqhamo esijinga phantsi ukulungisa uqoqosho,” utshilo uFreeman. "Imalunga nesisombululo esicacileyo njengoko unokucinga - kwaye sicinga ukuba uNobhala uClinton kunye noMongameli Obama bayayiqonda ngokucacileyo le nto."
