IiCurrans zeGranada Hills zithathe ikhefu losapho kwiLas Vegas Strip iminyaka. Bebengazimiselanga kuyidlulisa kuba ishishini likaJeff Curran lokuthengisa i-upscale cookware lihle kakhulu.
Kodwa ehlotyeni iya kuba yikhefu le-Vegas elilumkileyo.
Kunyaka ophelileyo baphose i- $ 100 nganye amatikiti kumdlalo weBlue Man Group eVenetian. Kulo nyaka, usapho lwabane- uJeff, 59, unkosikazi wakhe, uMichele, 55, kunye nonyana wabo omdala kunye nentombi- bathathe inxaxheba kwiMac King Comedy Magic Show eHarrah ngamatikiti esaphulelo esiya kwi- $ 10 lilinye.
UJeff wayechitha imali efikelela kwi $ 500 kwiitafile ze-blackjack; umda wakhe omtsha wawuyi- $ 150- kwiipenny kunye nekota yokubeka oomatshini.
"Zange ndayibona indawo yeepenny zixinene kangaka," utshilo uMichele ngoJulayi ngethuba usapho lwasekhaya lwalusondela esiphelweni.
Imodeli yeshishini leStrip lenkulungwane yama-21, eyayizakungena kunikezelo olwandayo lokusebenzisa inkcitho simahla ekhwaza kumagumbi ehotele ekumgangatho wokuqala, indawo yokutyela eneenkwenkwezi ezine kunye nemiboniso enexabiso eliphezulu, iphazanyiswe kukudodobala okubi kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka.
Amandla eVegas kwisimo sezulu sokwehla kwangaphambili enza ukuba kubonakale ngathi bubungqina boqoqosho. Akusenjalo. Ubuninzi babantu obushiywe kukudodobala kwezoqoqosho okwaqala kunyaka ophelileyo akufani nanto eyabonwa yile dolophu.
Ezokhenketho zehlile kunyaka wesibini ngokulandelelana, kwaye abantu abezayo abachithi mali ngokushiya ixesha elidlulileyo. Kunyaka ophelileyo uJeff Curran wanika unyana wakhe nentombi yakhe inkululeko kumgangatho wekhasino; kulo nyaka umda wabo wemihla ngemihla wawuyi- $ 25 inye.
Ngo-2007, eyona nyaka uphakamileyo, i-39.2 yezigidi zabantu batyelelayo. Kunyaka ophelileyo i-37.5 yezigidi zeendwendwe zeza edolophini. Amagosa ezokhenketho athi ishishini lendibano lehle malunga neepesenti ezingama-27 ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo. Ukuba imikhwa yangoku iyaqhubeka, iVegas isenokungaphuli amatye angama-35 ezigidi kulo nyaka, elona nqanaba lisezantsi ukusukela ngo-1999.
Nokuba ukudodobala kuyancipha, iziphumo zalo ziya kuziva kwikamva. I-Strip-malunga neekhilomitha ezine ze-Las Vegas Boulevard ekhupha ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sengeniso yokungcakaza e-Nevada-iphinda ivavanye imikhwa yayo yokuchitha kakhulu kulwakhiwo olutsha kunye nokujolisa kwabona bantu bazizityebi okanye uninzi lwabathengi.
Amaxabiso egumbi eStrip ancitshiswe ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide eziphezulu ziya kukubeka namhlanje ngexabiso elifanayo neehotele ezisezantsi ezihlawuliswe kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.
Kwi-Encore, apho i-Vegas impresario uSteve Wynn avule khona ngoDisemba njengolwandiso lweholide yakhe yaseWynn, abanye abathengi banikwa ukuhlala ubusuku obubini kweli hlobo ngeedola ezingama-99. Ngobunye ubusuku ukuwa, amaxabiso entengiso asezantsi angama-90 eedola abonelelwa eBellagio, inkulumbuso yehotele eStrip apho amagumbi ngokwesiqhelo anokufikelela kwi- $ 500 okanye nangaphezulu.
Ezinye zeendawo zokutyela eziphambili zeedolophu zibonelele ngesiqingatha sehafu (hayi kakhulu) ngexabiso lamaxabiso ngamaxesha acothayo emini. I-Cirque du Soleil, i-acrobatics juggernaut elawula iStrip ngemiboniso emithandathu, yenze into yokuba umlindi wamagqala eVegas afumane ukubetha okungakumbi kunayo nantoni na ayibonisayo eqongeni: Kuyankqonkqoza kangange-40% kwiiphakheji zetikiti ezimbini.
U-Anthony Curtis, umpapashi we Las Vegas Advisor, isikhokelo sangaphakathi sokuthengisa.
UCurtis uthi iiholide zeStrip kunye neeresityu bazimisele ngakumbi kunangaphambili ukubeka izikhuphoni zesaphulelo kwisikhokelo sakhe. "Kulo nyaka ndingena kwiminyango apho bekungade kubekho minyango."
Ukuhlawulwa kwemali
Abaphathi beCasino bathi bayazibona izinto ezibonisa ukuba ukwehla kungoku, amazinga okuhlala ehotele abuyele kwi-90%. Kodwa isaphulelo esinzulu sisika ngokunzulu kwingeniso yeholide.
Ukuphindaphinda okubukhali njengaleyo yasemva kohlaselo lwango-Septemba.
"Oku kwahlukile kuba ayisiyonto-nye yokuhla kwamandla emali," utshilo uRossi T. Ralenkotter, umphathi oyintloko weNgqungquthela yaseLas Vegas kunye neGunya labaTyeleli.
Ukuya ngasemva kwemiboniso eqhubela phambili kuphuhliso olutsha lweStrip, iMGM Mirage's CityCenter, inokubonelela ngenkangeleko efanelekileyo ekuweni kwemali.
Iprojekthi enkulu, ephakathi kwe-MGM Mirage's Bellagio kunye neMonte Carlo, yenzelwe njengesixeko esikwisixeko esineenqaba zentsimbi kunye neglasi.
Ngo-2006, kufutshane nencopho yokuthandwa kweStrip, inkampani yasungula iphulo layo lokuthengisa ngeendleko zodidi lwamaxabiso “kubahlobo nosapho” - oko kukuthi, abasebenzi beMGM Mirage kunye nabathengi abaphambili.
Kunyaka olandelayo, i-MGM yathatha i-20% yedipozithi malunga nesiqingatha seeyunithi zokuhlala ezingama-2,400 kwizakhiwo ezintathu zekondomu kunye nehotele yehotele, ezinye zixabiso liphezulu njenge- $ 9 yezigidi.
Abathengi bathi imarike yangoku yaseLas Vegas ayinakuxhasa ukuvavanywa okungaphezulu kwe- $ 400 ngonyawo wesikwere kwiiyunithi ezazithengiswe ekuqaleni ngeedola ezili-1,000 ngeenyawo. Ngaphantsi kwezo meko, abathengi abayi kukwazi ukukhusela imali mboleko kwixabiso elipheleleyo lokuthengisa.
"Abanye abantu bazakuhamba," utshilo uMark Connot, igqwetha laseLas Vegas elimele abathengi abaliqela.
Ngaphantsi komthetho weNevada, i-MGM inokugcina idiphozithi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% yexabiso lesivumelwano, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-262 yezigidi zeedola ezingama-350 zeedipozithi inkampani ithi iyazamkela iikhondomu eziyi-1,336 zeCityCenter njengaphakathi kwonyaka, kunye neeyunithi ezili-1,100 kwintengiso.
Kude kube kutshanje, abathengi bathi, i-MGM ibibambelele nkqi kwimbono yothethathethwano kwakhona. Ngoku inkampani ibonakalise iimpawu zokubuyela umva kumaxabiso oqobo.
UMlawuli oyiNtloko we-MGM Mirage uJames J. Murren uthe inkampani iyazi ukuba ukuvavanywa kwehle kakhulu ukusukela oko "kushushu-mhlophe" ixesha langaphambi koqoqosho. Kodwa uMurren, yena umthengi weeyunithi ezimbini zeCityCenter, wongeze ngelithi uyakholelwa ukuba imakethi inokuba “izinzile, nangona isenzima,” kwaye ukulungele ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. "Sivakalelwa kukuba ixesha ngumhlobo wethu," utshilo.
Izibonda ziphezulu
Okwangoku, imiceli mngeni yaseLas Vegas iyothusa.
Iintlanganiso ezimanyeneyo kunye neengqungquthela - umqhubi omkhulu wokukhula kweStrip - zithathe inkohliso yenkunkuma ngexesha lokuqinisa ibhanti. Akuzange kuncede xa uMongameli u-Obama wakhomba umnwe kumaziko emali awayecwangcise iijunkets ezibalaseleyo nangona wayefumana imali yokuhlangula.
"Usebenzise iLas Vegas njengomzekelo wenkcitho enkulu," umphathi wekhasino uSteve Wynn wakhalaza kwinkomfa yotyalo-mali ngo-Epreli. Wayekrelekrele e-Wells Fargo & Co ekurhoxisweni komsitho wokwamkelwa kwabasebenzi kwiindawo zakhe zokuzonwabisa, esithi yayibiza inkampani yakhe i-R8 yezigidi kwingeniso.
U-Obama wenze izilungiso, ngandlel 'ithile, ngokuvela eLas Vegas kwi-Meyi ye-fundraiser ye-Senate Majority Leader u-Harry Reid, we-Nevada Democrat (nangokuhlala ubusuku e-Caesars Palace kwi-Strip).
Kodwa ngokubhukishwa kwendibano kusadodobala, iintlungu ziyaqhubeka.
Ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho ayikuko nje ukuba kubanzi kwaye kube qatha kunakuqala, kodwa idolophu inento eninzi esengozini. Ngo-2001, iLas Vegas yayinamagumbi ehotele ayi-125,000 ekufuneka igcwalisiwe; Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2008 uluhlu lweempahla lwaluyi-141,000. I-16,000 eyongezelelweyo icwangciselwe ukuvulwa kule minyaka mibini izayo.
Njengomthetho wobhontsi, ukunyuka kwama-200,000 abatyeleli abatsha ngonyaka kuyafuneka ukugcwalisa onke amagumbi amatsha ayi-1,000- okuthetha ukuba izigidi ezi-3.2 zabatyeleli abatsha kuya kufuneka beze edolophini ukuza kulwamkela olu lwakhiwo lutsha.
Ukusilela ukubuyisa umva loo nto kungaliqhekeza elinye lamanqaku okholo lwedolophu: ukuba iipropathi ezintsha, zegitzier zihlala zivelisa ukhenketho ukuze zizizalise.
Olo nxunguphalo luqhubekile okoko u-Wynn wavula i-Mirage enamagumbi angama-3,000 ngo-1989. Abaninzi ngelo xesha babethandabuza ukuba umhlaba wakhe ocwebezelayo ungenza ngokwaneleyo ukuhlawula ityala lakhe elinzima. Endaweni yoko yayiyimpumelelo egqumayo. Kwalandela iliza leendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide.
Kwakukho iMGM Grand yaseKirk Kerkorian ngo-1993; I-Bellagio ka-Wynn, inyuka ivela kumdaka weendunduma ngo-1998; I-Venetian, evula kwindawo yokuchithwa kuka-Sheldon Adelson ngo-1999.
Kwakuloo nyaka, i-Circus Enterprises Enterprises, ongumnini wekhasino engafumanekiyo, wavula indawo entle yaseMandalay Bay ukuze le nkampani ilitshintshe igama libe liQela leMandalay Resort. (Yafunyanwa kamva yi-MGM Mirage, eyenziwa xa iKerkorian's MGM Grand yathatha iiWynn's Mirage Resorts.)
Umxholo wokuthengisa osapho onobuhlobo kwii-1990s ungqineke engonwabanga (abazali baba ngabasebenzisi benkcitho), kwaye i-9/11 yayisesinye isigxina esifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, iStrip saqala esona shumi lilikhulu.
Kwaye phakathi ku-2000s umjikelo omtsha, nokuba mkhulu kakhulu kunowokugqibela, wabonwa kulindeleke.
I-Wynn, ibuya ekulahlekelweni yi-Mirage Resorts, yasungula i-Wynn Resorts Ltd. kwaye yavula iWynn Las Vegas ngo-2005. Umphathi wekhasino eliGqala u-Glenn Schaeffer ubambisene nomqambi we-condo uJeffrey Soffer ukuqalisa igumbi elinama-2,250 eFontainebleau kwindawo ekumantla eStrip.
Emva koko umculo wema.
Ukungagqibeki, ukumangalelwa
U-Eichner usilele kwimali mboleko yokwakha ngoJanuwari 2008 kwaye waphulukana neprojekthi kubabolekisi bayo abakhulu, iDeutsche Bank. Ulwakhiwo eFontainebleau, iipesenti ezingama-70 zigqityiwe, ubukhulu becala zimisiwe ngo-Epreli walo nyaka; iphele kwisimangalo kunye nababolekisi bayo, abathi batyhola ulawulo olubi kunye neendleko zokugqitha. NgoJuni uFontainebleau wafaka isicelo sokukhusela ukungabinamali.
ICityCenter yaba ngumxholo wesimangalo esifakwe liqabane lophuhliso le-MGM, urhulumente wase-Dubai; ezolungiswa kulo nyaka ngenkxaso-mali evumela ukuba iprojekthi iqhubele phambili kuvulo olunamanqanaba aqala ngoDisemba.
Owona mfanekiso ubalaseleyo wokungqubana kwiStrip phakathi kokulindelwe okuphezulu kunye nenyani yezoqoqosho enzima yi-88-acre lot from Wynn Las Vegas, a space of a sandy waste hbling rusting steel frameworks. Esi sisiza se-Echelon, esasungulwa njenge-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngeBoyd Gaming Corp.
U-Boyd wenza igama lakhe njengomnini wee-Casinos ezisezantsi ezisezindawo zokutya ezihlala eLas Vegas, kunye nomtya weedolophu zedolophu zekhasino ezithengiswa ikakhulu kubakhenkethi baseHawaii. Yayineepropathi ezili-10 kwindawo yaseLas Vegas ngo-2006 xa yabhengeza i-Echelon, iinzame zokutshayisa iprofayili yayo "ngobukho obubalulekileyo" kwiStrip.
U-Boyd ufumene kwaye wafaka ihotele eStardust. Ngexesha lokwaphuka komhlaba kuka-Echelon ngoJuni 2007, le projekthi yayisandisiwe yaba zineehotele ezine ezingama-5,300 4.8, iziko lendibano, iithiyetha ezimbini kunye nevenkile emnandi yokuthengisa. Ixabiso elitsha lentengo ye- $ 8.4 yezigidigidi liyenze iprojekthi ebiza kakhulu kwi-Strip, ngasemva kuphela kwe- $ XNUMX-billion CityCenter.
Kunyaka kamva, emva kokutyala imali ezizigidi ezingama-700 zeedola kwiprojekthi, uBoyd wayivala. Ngeli xesha, inkampani icaphule "iimeko zoqoqosho" kunye nokubanjwa kwetyala, kodwa nangona bobabini beqalisile ukumodareyitha, khange basiqwalasele isigqibo sabo.
"Siyaqhubeka nokujonga le projekthi, kwaye asiyiboni indawo yokuqalisa ngokutsha yendalo," utshilo u-Chiefd u-Keith Smith kudliwanondlebe. “Sithatha lonke u-2009 ukuhlalutya izinto esizikhethayo.”
Ukufumana iimarike
Okwangoku, ukusika amaxabiso okungapheliyo kuhlala kungumboniso kwiStrip. IiWynn Resorts zirekhodile ingeniso eLas Vegas ye- $ 291.3 yezigidi kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, kuphela inwele phambi kwe-287.2 yezigidi zeedola kwangexesha elinye lika-2008, ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda kabini uluhlu lwamagumbi ayo ngokuvula igumbi lama-2,034 lamagumbi ngoDisemba.
UWynn uxele ukuba izaphulelo zinciphise umndilili wengeniso kwigumbi ngalinye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-194 yeedola kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ukusuka kwi-289 yeedola kunyaka ophelileyo- nangona amaxabiso entengiso abukhali engakhange akuncede ekuhlaleni jikelele, eye yehla yaya kuma-88% ukusuka kuma-96.2%.
Ezinye iingcali zeshishini lekhasino zoyika ukuba ukuqhubeka nesaphulelo esinzima kuya kuyinciphisa i-Vegas aura ixesha elide.
"Kuya kufuneka wehlise amaxabiso akho, kodwa awufuni ukwenza umbono wokuba eli ngamava esaphulelo okanye ukuba amava ngokwawo ancitshisiwe," utshilo uBilly Vassiliadis, umphathi omkhulu we-R & R Partner, uluntu lwaseLas Vegas ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano obenze iphulo lokuthengisa "Kwenzeka ntoni apha, hlala apha". Ibiyingxaki yokwenene. ”
Enye into exhalabisayo kukuba abazingeli beentengiselwano abarhuqelwe eStrip ngamagumbi okusika anokungabiyo kwicandelo lentengiso ukuba imodeli yayo yeshishini-indawo yokujonga indawo yokuhlala ebiza kakhulu, indawo yokutyela kunye nokuzonwabisa-ithembele kuyo. Endaweni yokutya kwindawo ephezulu yokutyela ihotele iWolfgang Puck, umzekelo, banokutsiba ukuwela isitrato ngesidlo esikhawulezayo.
Kwicala eliqaqambileyo
Okwangoku, kunzima ukufumana umphathi wekhasino eLas Vegas ongazibekeli ithemba elisisiseko ngekamva loluntu.
Ukuqiniseka kwabo kukuba nangona iLas Vegas inokuba ichithe ixesha elininzi kwaye yakha ngaphezulu kwelixesha kunangaphambili, ifundile ukungena kwinxalenye yendalo yomntu engenako nokuphulukana nokwehla kwamandla emali okunzulu.
"Uluntu luza kuqhubeka nemikhwa ebenayo ikhulu leminyaka," U-Wynn waxela kwangaphambili kwinkomfa yotyalo-mali eMilken Institute ngo-Epreli. “ILas Vegas izakubakhona. Iya kuphila ngokukhawuleza kunokuba abantu becinga. Wonke umntu uya kuba krelekrele kancinane. Bayakukholwa kwinyani yamazinyo kancinci. Kwaye wonke umntu uza kulungelwa oko. ”
