UWilliam Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (1846-1917) wayeyintsomi yaseMelika, umzingeli weenyathi, umhloli karhulumente, umboniso waseWild West, umkhweli wepony express kunye nomphuhlisi wehotele. Ngowe-1902, uCody wavula iHotele i-Irma ebizwa ngokuba yintombi yakhe. Ulindele ukwanda kwenani labakhenkethi abeza eCody, eWyoming, kuloliwe osandula kwakhiwa iBurlington. Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu baseMelika lwalusazi malunga noMthetho osaYilwayo weBuffalo odumileyo ngenxa yoMboniso wakhe waseWild West, wayekwangumkhuthazi wokhenketho eYellowstone National Park.

Emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe, uBill Cody waba ngumkhweli wePony Express eneminyaka elishumi elinesine. Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika, wasebenza kuMkhosi woManyano lweManyano ukusuka ngo-1863 ukuya ku-1865. Kamva, wasebenza njengentlola yomkhosi wase-US ngexesha leeMfazwe zaseIndiya waza wawongwa ngeMbasa yembeko ngo-1872 ngenxa yobugorha.

Ibali likaBuffalo Bill laqala ukusasazeka xa wayekwiminyaka yakhe yamashumi amabini. Kungekudala emva koko, waqala ukwenza kwimiboniso ye-cowboy ebonisa iziqendu ezivela kumda kunye neeMfazwe zaseIndiya. Waseka iBuffalo Bill's Wild West ngo-1883, ethatha inkampani yakhe enkulu kukhenketho eUnited States kwaye waqala ngo-1887 eGreat Britain nakwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Wakhenketha iYurophu amatyeli asibhozo ngo-1906. Lo mboniso waba yimpumelelo kakhulu eYurophu, wenza uCody abe ngusaziwayo wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomfanekiso waseMelika. UMark Twain uthe, "Kuhlala kusithiwa kwelinye icala lamanzi ukuba akukho nanye imiboniso esiyithumela eNgilani engowaseMelika emsulwa kwaye ecacileyo. Ukuba uyakuthatha umboniso weWild West phaya ungalususa olo ngcikivo. ”

Emva kokuvula i-Irma Hotel ngo-1902, uCody wagqiba ukwakhiwa kwe-Wapiti Inn kunye ne-Pahasca Teepee ngo-1905 ngoncedo lomculi, u-rancher kunye no-philanthropist Abraham Archibald Anderson. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1870, uAnderson wafunda ubugcisa eParis, waqala ngoLéon Bonnat, emva koko waphantsi kuka-Alexandre Cabanel, uFernand Cormon, uAuguste Rodin, noRaphaël Collin. UAnderson wavelisa udumo ngemifanekiso yakhe. Umzobo wakhe we-1889 kaThomas Alva Edison ukwiGalari yeMifanekiso yeSizwe eWashington DC.

Ngo-1900, u-Anderson wagunyazisa isakhiwo saseNew York esinemigangatho eli-10 iBryant Park Studios ngumyili wezakhiwo uCharles A. Rich. Ibekwe kwicala elingasezantsi leBryant Park, iifestile zayo ezinesisa kunye neesilingi eziphezulu ziyilelwe ngokukodwa amagcisa. UAnderson wagcina i-suite yakhe kumgangatho ophezulu kwada kwaba sekupheleni kobomi bakhe. IBryant Park Studios yaduma ngoko nangoko, kwaye abaqeshi baquka uJohn LaFarge, uFrederick Stuart Church, uWinslow Homer, uAugustus Saint-Gaudens noWilliam Merritt Chase. Isakhiwo sisamile.

Ukubuyela eUnited States ehlotyeni, uAnderson wathenga umhlaba kumantla ntshona eWyoming waza wawuphuhlisa waba yiPalette Ranch. Wayila uWilliam “iBuffalo Bill” ifama yeendwendwe zikaCody iPahaska Teepee, kunye nekhaya lakhe, iAnderson Lodge. Loo loji yaba likomkhulu lokuqala lolawulo leYellowstone Forest Reserve ngo-1902, njengoko uMongameli Roosevelt wathiya uAnderson njengoMphathi oKhethekileyo wokuqala woLondolozo lwamaHlathi. UAnderson udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekugcinweni nasekuphuhliseni ummandla weYellowstone.

Ezi zixhobo zazimi kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-50 phakathi kweCody kunye nesango elingasempuma leYellowstone Park kwiNdlela yeYellowstone eyabhengezwa “njengeyona ndawo ibukekayo yeemayile ezingama-50 eMelika” nguMongameli Theodore Roosevelt. I-Pahaska Tepee yakhiwa phakathi kwe-1903 kunye ne-1905 njengendawo yokuzingela kunye nehotele yasehlotyeni kwaye idweliswe kwiRejista yeMbali yeSizwe. Igama layo lithatyathwe kumagama athi “pahinhonska” (igama lesiLakota leBuffalo Bill) elithetha “iinwele ezinde zentloko,” kunye “no teepee” (iloji) nto leyo ekhokelela “kwiLonghair’s Lodge”. Yakhiwa emva kokuba iChicago-Burlington-Quincy Railroad spur line kunye nendlela karhulumente eya eCody igqityiwe.

I-Wapiti Inn yayikuhambo lweentsuku ezimbini ukusuka eCody kwaye iPahaska Teepee yayikuhambo lweentsuku ezimbini. Iimoto zazithintelwe ukusuka eYellowstone ukuya kutsho ngo-1915 ukuze iPahaska Teepee ibe yindawo yokugqibela yokumisa izithuthi ezingena ePaki. Njengoko iimoto ezininzi zazivunyelwa ukuba zingene eYellowstone, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke eWapiti Inn akwavuma yaza ihotele yadilizwa. Izigodo zasetyenziselwa ukwakha indlu enkulu ePahaska Teepee. Isakhiwo esiphambili seTeepee sisakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini esilinganisa i-83.5 ezinyaweni ze-60. Esi sakhiwo sijonge ngasempuma, ezantsi kwintlambo yoMlambo iShoshone. Inqanaba eliphambili lijikelezwe ngeevaranda emantla, emazantsi nasempuma kunye nomnyango omkhulu ogxile kwiveranda esempuma. Iingcango ezimbini zikhokelela kwiholo eya eluphahleni enendawo yomlilo yamatye kwelinye icala. Igumbi lokutyela lisemva kweziko. Iholo ijikelezwe ziigalari zemezzanine. Indawo encinci yamagumbi ngaphezulu kweveranda esempuma yayisetyenziswa nguCody. I-Pahaska Teepee isebenza njengendawo yeentaba kwaye yabhalwa kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali kwi-1973. Yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Gem of the Rockies" yi-Buffalo Bill.

Ihotele i-Irma yindawo ephawulekayo eCody, eWyoming enebhari edumileyo eyenziwe ngamaplanga echerry eyayisisipho kuBuffalo Bill nguKumkanikazi uVictoria. I-Irma yavula ngetheko ngoNovemba 18, 1902, eyayizinyaswe ngabashicileli kunye nabahloniphekileyo abavela kude njengeBoston. Ihotele ngokukhawuleza yaba liziko loluntu laseCody. Ngeli xesha, iBuffalo Bill yayiphantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kubabolekisi kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba asayine ihotele kumfazi wakhe uLouisa ngo-1913, owayengahlalisana kakuhle naye ngelo xesha. Emva kokufa kukaCody ngo-1917, ihotele yayivaliwe kwaye yathengiswa kwiBarney Link. Phambi kokuphela konyaka i-Link's estate yathengisa ipropathi kuLouisa, owayenayo wada wafa ngo-1925. Abanini abatsha, uHenry noPearl Newell, ngokuthe ngcembe bayandisa ihotele, bakha isihlomelo malunga no-1930 kwicala elingasentshona ukuze kuhlaliswe iimoto. -abandwendweli. Emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe ngo-1940, uPearl Newell waqhuba ihotele wade wabhubha ngo-1965. Washiya ingqokelela ebanzi yehotele ye-Buffalo Bill memorabilia kwiZiko leMbali yaseBuffalo Bill waza wachaza ukuba imali ephuma kwilifa isetyenziswe njengesipho semyuziyam. . IHotele i-Irma isavulekele ishishini njengehotele kunye nendawo yokutyela. Ifakwe kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali, ezidweliswe kwi-1973.

Imbali yaseWapiti Lodge yipropathi ebuyiselwe entle ebekwe kumbindi weNtlambo yaseNorthfork, ejongene noMlambo iShoshone. Yakhelwe ngo-1904 endaweni yeWapiti Inn ediliziweyo nguBen noMary Simpers, yayisaziwa ngokuba yiGreen Lantern Tourist Camp, kwaye kwakukholelwa ukuba yayiyeyokuqala ukusekwa ukubamba ilayisenisi yokuthengisa ibhiya emva kokuba iProhibition yachithwa. I-Simpers nayo yaqala inkonzo yokuqala yokutya kwintlambo, ikhonza isidlo senkukhu kubo bobabini abakhenkethi kunye nabemi bendawo. I-Simpers emva koko yathengiswa ku-FO Sanzenbacker ngo-1931, kwaye igama latshintshwa laba yiWapiti Lodge. Indawo yokuhlala yavela kumashumi eminyaka, ukusuka kwisikhululo segesi, ivenkile ngokubanzi, iposi, kunye nevenkile yokutyela, ngoku ibuyela kunikezelo lwalo lokuqala lokuphumla kunye nolonwabo kubahambi bendawo. Lo mhlaba ude wasetyenziswa njengekhaya lePosi yaseWapiti ukususela ngowe-1938 ukuya kutsho ngo-2010. Nangona ingaphezu kweminyaka eli-100 ubudala, kuye kwasetyenziswa ixesha lobubele ekulondolozeni indlela entle nentle yale ndawo. Namhlanje, indawo yokulala ichaza umlingiswa kunye nomtsalane we-Wyoming, kunye nentwana endala edityaniswe nobutofotofo obulindelwe ngabakhenkethi abaqondayo.

Ukongeza kwindlu kunye nekhabhinethi, ii-suites ezintandathu ziyafumaneka ngoku, zonke zithatha isitayile kunye nobuhle bexesha elidlulileyo nelikhoyo. I-Lodge iqhayisa ngokuthuthuzela kwangoku kunye nokulungela iindwendwe ezineekhitshini, iifowuni, i-WIFI cable TV, isidlo sakusasa selizwekazi, iindawo zokuhlanganisana, kunye negumbi lokudlala labantwana kunye nabantu abadala ngokufanayo. Indawo ebukekayo ejikeleze indawo yokulala yibhonasi eyongezelelweyo kunye nokuloba kwindawo yabucala yoMlambo iShoshone.

Njengomhloli womda, uCody wayebahlonela abantu bomthonyama baseMelika kwaye exhasa amalungelo abo oluntu. Uqeshe uninzi lwabo ngemivuzo entle kunye nethuba lokuphucula ubomi babo. Wakha wathi “lonke uqhambuko lwaseIndiya endakha ndalwazi lubangelwa kukwaphulwa kwezithembiso nokwaphulwa kwezivumelwano ngurhulumente.” UCody ukwaxhase namalungelo abasetyhini. Wathi, “Into esifuna ukuyenza kukunika abafazi inkululeko engakumbi kunaleyo banayo. Mabenze nawuphi na umsebenzi abawubona ufanelekile, yaye ukuba bawenza ngokwamadoda, bahlawule kwangokunjalo.” Kwimiboniso yakhe, amaIndiya ayedla ngokuboniswa ehlasela amaqokoqo eqonga kunye noololiwe abaqhutywa ziinkomo kunye namajoni. Amalungu osapho amaninzi ahamba namadoda, kwaye uCody wakhuthaza abafazi kunye nabantwana babadlali bakhe boMthonyama baseMelika ukuba bamise inkampu - njengoko bebeya kwenza kumazwe abo - njengenxalenye yomboniso. Wayefuna ukuba uluntu oluhlawulayo lubone icala lobuntu “lamajoni anobukroti” kwaye abone ukuba aneentsapho ezifana nawo nawaphi na amanye kwaye anenkcubeko yawo eyahlukileyo. UCody wayesaziwa njengomgcini wendalo owathetha ngokuchasene nokuzingela kwaye wakhuthaza ukusekwa kwexesha lokuzingela.

IBuffalo Bill Centre yaseNtshona liziko elikhulu nelangoku elibekwe kufutshane nombindi weCody. Iqulethe iimyuziyam ezintlanu kwenye, kubandakanywa iMyuziyam yeMbali yeNdalo yeDraper, iMyuziyam yasePlains Indian, iCody Firearms Museum, iWhitney Western Art Museum kunye neBuffalo Bill Museum echaza ngobomi bukaWilliam F. Cody, lowo iziko lithiywe ngaye. . Iziko lembali yeyona ndawo oyithandayo yokumisa kubakhenkethi abadlula edolophini xa besiya okanye besuka eYellowstone. Idolophu yaseOld Trail, ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo zembali zaseNtshona ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu kunye nezinto zakudala zikwiCody ngaphandle nje koHola weYellowstone. I-Rodeo ibalulekile kwinkcubeko yeCody ezibiza ngokuba yi "Rodeo Capital of the World". I-Cody Nite Rodeo yi-rodeo ye-amateur ebanjwe ubusuku bonke ukusuka ngoJuni 1 ukuya ku-Agasti 31. I-Cody iphinda ibanjwe kwi-Cody Stampede Rodeo, enye ye-rodeo enkulu kwisizwe exhaswe yi-Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association ebanjwe ukususela ngoJulayi 14. nyaka ngamnye ukususela ngowe-1919.

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, ligunya elaziwayo kunye nomcebisi kwishishini lehotele. Uqhuba ihotele yakhe, ukubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubonisana ngokukodwa kulawulo lweeasethi, uphicotho-zincwadi olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokuthengisa ngokuthengisa kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkxaso yesimangalo. Abathengi ngabanini behotele, abatyali mali kunye namaziko abolekisa ngemali. Iincwadi zakhe zibandakanya: Iihotele ezinkulu zaseMelika: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (2009), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezineminyaka eli-100 ubudala eNew York (ngo-2011), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezineminyaka eli-100 ubudala eMpuma eMississippi (ngo-2013) ), Ihotele Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar weWaldorf (2014), iGreat American Hoteliers uMqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (2016), kunye nencwadi yakhe entsha, eyakhelwe ukuGcina: 100+ Unyaka -Old Hotels West of the Mississippi (2017) - ifumaneka kwi-hardback, iphepha elibhaliweyo, kunye nefomathi ye-Ebook- apho u-Ian Schrager abhale khona kwisandulela: “Le ncwadi igqibezela i-trilogy ye-182 yeembali zehotele zeepropathi zakudala zamagumbi angama-50 okanye nangaphezulu… Ndivakalelwa kukuba zonke ihotele zifanele zibe neencwadi zazo kwaye zenze ukuba zifundelwe abafundi nabaqeshwa bazo. ”

Zonke iincwadi zombhali zinoku-odolwa kwi-AuthorHouse ngu ngokunqakraza apha.