IBotswana icebisa ukuba kuthintelwe ukuzingela kunye norhwebo njengoko inani leendlovu liyehla

Iziphumo zophando lwakutsha nje nolona lubanzi lweendlovu eBotswana ziqikelela inani labemi beli kwiindlovu eziyi-126,000, ukuhla okuthe kratya ukusuka kwi-131,600 echazwe ngo-2014. Ingxelo ibonisa ubungqina obuphindaphindiweyo bokwanda kokubulawa ngokungekho mthethweni kweendlovu kwiindawo ezine ezikumantla eBotswana. uqhwithela losasazo kunyaka ophelileyo.

Le ngxelo yeNdlovu engenamida (i-EWB) iza emva kwekomitana yekhabinethi inikezele ingxelo yayo yokuzingela kuMongameli Masisi ngoLwesine weveki ephelileyo, ecebisa kungekuphela nje ukushenxisa ukuvalwa kokuzingelwa, kodwa ukwazisa ukwenziwa kweendlovu rhoqo kunye nenyama ehambelana nayo Icandelo lokunkonkxa lokutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nokuvala iindlela ezithile zokufuduka kwezilwanyana zasendle.

Ngaphambili urhulumente wase-Botswana ungenise isicelo kwi-CITES ukulungiselela intlanganiso ye-CoP18 ngoMeyi kulo nyaka, ecela ukuba kuhlonyelwe uluhlu lwe-CITES lwendlovu yase-savanna yase-Afrika ukuze kuvunyelwe urhwebo lweendebe zokuzingela, izilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nezitokhwe ezibhalisiweyo (zikarhulumente) zempahla eluhlaza lwendlovu.

Ngokwengxelo yeMeko yeNdlovu yaseAfrika (2016), Iindlovu zaseBotswana yehla nge-15% kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Le ngxelo ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iindlovu zaseBotswana azonyuki, njengoko kusoloko kucetyiswa kwiipolitiki nakwezokuzingela. Nangona inani labemi iselilelona likhulu eMazantsi e-Afrika, i-10, 100 ingaphantsi kwama-000 rhoqo icatshulwe ngabezopolitiko kunye namajelo eendaba eBotswana. Kwiinzame zokuthethelela ukukhupha nokuzingela.

Indlovu ye-EWB eyi-126,000 isekwe kuphando lwendawo yonke, egubungela indawo enkulu kunalo naluphi na uphononongo lwangaphambili olwenziwa yi-EWB. Iqela elidibeneyo le-EWB kunye ne-DWNP libhabhe ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-62, lirekhoda ngaphezulu kwe-32,000 km yeetransect kwaye ligubungela ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 km² waseBotswana, kuquka iChobe, iMakgadikgadi kunye neNxai Pan National Parks kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo zoLawulo lweZilwanyana zasendle, iOkavango Delta kunye neMoremi Game Reserve, kunye neendawo zabefundisi eNgamiland, eChobe nakwiZithili eziseMbindini. 

Iindawo ezine zokuphelisa ukuzingela iindlovu zatyhilwa kuMantla eBotswana

Ukusukela kuvavanyo lokugqibela ngo-2014, iqela lophando le-EWB lafumanisa ukonyuka okukhulu kwenani lezidumbu zeendlovu ezintsha nezisandula ukwenziwa, okt iindlovu ezife kunyaka ophelileyo zombini izizathu zendalo kunye nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.

Iqela le-EWB liqinisekisile ukuba kwizidumbu zendlovu eziyi-128 ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye, ezingama-72 zaqinisekiswa emhlabeni okanye ngovavanyo lwasemoyeni njengoko zabulawa ngabazingeli abangekho mthethweni kunye nama-22 ongezelelweyo kwiifoto zophando njengamaxhoba okuzingela. Ukongeza, izidumbu ezingama-79 ezindala kunonyaka omnye zavavanywa kwindawo eyodwa, apho ezingama-63 zaqinisekiswa njengezikhutshiwe. Umyinge wobudala besidumbu unyuke ukusuka kwi-6.8% ukuya kwi-8.1% phakathi kuka-2014 no-2018, ngokubanzi kwamkelwe njengokubonisa inani lendlovu elinokwehla.

Indlovu ihlala yonke ibonisa ubungqina obucacileyo bokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni ngendlela efanayo. Abazingeli abangekho mthethweni badubula izilwanyana ngemipu ephezulu xa beza kusela kwiipani ezikude zonyaka. Ukuba indlovu ayifi kwangoko, omnye wabazingeli abangekho mthethweni uyayikhupha ngenjongo yokonakalisa umnqonqo ngezembe. Amabamba abo aqhekeziwe, onakalise ukakayi, isiqu sihlala sisuswa ebusweni, kwaye umzimba wesidumbu ugqunywe ngamasebe asikiweyo ngelizama ukufihla isilwanyana esifileyo.

Abazingeli abangekho mthethweni babonakala besebenza kwindawo ethile, bejolise kwiinkunzi ngamabamba amakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba badlulele kwindawo elandelayo. Azikhawulezi ngokubonakalayo, njengoko inkampu yabazingeli engekho mthethweni yafunyanwa kufutshane nelinye lamaqoqo ezi zilwanyana.

Iqela lokuqinisekisa umhlaba lisungule ukuba uninzi lweendlovu ezizingelwayo ngokwenene ziinkunzi phakathi kweminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwengama-45 ubudala. Oku kuyahambelana nobungqina kwingxelo yokuba inani leenkomo liye lehla ukusuka kuma-21,600 ngabantu ngo-2014 ukuya kuma-19,400 ngo-2018.

Ukuzingelwa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni kubonakala ikakhulu kwiindawo ezine ezineendawo ekumntla weBotswana- indawo ephakathi kwePan Handle neCaprivi Strip, ngaphakathi nakwiindawo ezingqonge icandelo leSavuti laseChobe kubandakanya iKhwai neLinyanti, kufutshane naseMaun, nakummandla ophakathi kweChobe neNxai Pan.

Iphaneli yoososayensi abazimeleyo beendlovu abathandathu baphonononge ingxelo ye-EWB kwaye bafumanisa ukuba isayensi iyomelele. Elinye ilungu lathi, "Le yingxelo ebhalwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ibhalwe ngononophelo ebonisa ubungqongqo obuphezulu".

Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseBotswana usazama ukuthandabuza imiba eyahlukeneyo echazwe kule ngxelo, njengenxalenye yephulo lezopolitiko elididayo. I-EWB uliphikisa ngamandla ibango likarhulumente kwaye bathi bayazisola ngento yokuba urhulumente engakhange abanxibelelane nabo ngqo ukuxoxa ngengxelo.

Ukongeza kwindyikityha yokufa kweendlovu, imikhombe eli-13 yabulawa ngabazingeli abangekho mthethweni kwiinyanga nje ezili-11 eBotswana, ezintathu kuzo zazise-Okavango Delta. Ukwanda kokuzingelwa kwezilwanyana zasendle kuyothusa, kodwa ngelishwa ayisiyiyo eyaseBotswana kuphela.

Ugqirha Iain Douglas-Hamilton, ilungu legqiza elihlolayo, uthi "ngokokubona kwam [i-EWB] isibalo esibonisa ukuba ukuzingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni kweendlovu kunyukele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili, kuphakamisa ukubanakho ukunyuka okuthe kratya kunokwenzeka".

Elinye ilungu longeza ngelithi, “kukhuselekile ukuthi, ukuba umkhomba wobundlobongela oqwalaselwayo uyaqhubeka, kungakho ukwehla okukhulu kwindlovu. Abapolitiki abakaze bathande ukubona ukwaziswa okungalunganga nangona oku kufanele ukuba kube sisilumkiso, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo othintelo ”.