Isiko, isithethe, isithethe… Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abavelisi bewayini baseBordeaux baye bemba izithende zabo, bejinga ngokuthe gqolo kumasiko nemikhwa eyayikho kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. EFransi, isidima sewayini sisekelwe kwisiko (okt, ukwazi, terroir, appellation d'origine controlee/AOC – imvelaphi ekhuselweyo). “Kwakukholeleka” ukuba abathengi bathenga iwayini yesiFrentshi ngokusekelwe kudumo lwabo kwaye ngoko imithetho engqongqo malunga nokulima imidiliya kunye nokwenza iwayini kuye kwanyanzeliswa. “Ngesithethe,” ishishini lewayini laseBordeaux lalisekelwe kubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwabavelisi bewayini (estates), iibroker (cotriers), kunye nabarhwebi bewayini (abathengisa ngewayini) abathengisa iwayini egameni labalimi.
Ubungakanani beMarike
Imarike yaseBordeaux iquka phantse ama-7000 abalimi bewayini, abarhwebi bewayini abangama-80, kunye nabarhwebi bewayini abangama-300. Umthengisi wewayini uncedisa kumgaqo-nkqubo wamaxabiso we-chateau kwaye ufumana ipesenti yentengiselwano (iipesenti ezimbini eBordeaux). Imisebenzi yabarhwebi bewayini ilawulwa kwaye ilawulwa liQumrhu leNgingqi loRhwebo noShishino.
Guqula Angamkelekanga
Nangona impepho zolwandle ziye zathomalalisa ezinye iimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi Ukuqala ngo-2010 utshintsho kwimo yezulu luye lwaqatshelwa ngabavelisi bewayini baseBordeaux kwaye le miba yemozulu ayinakuhoywa ingakumbi xa utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu ludityaniswe nokuguquguquka okunobundlobongela ukusuka kwimvula ngexesha lokuvuna ukuya kutsho. iqabaka, isichotho kunye nehlobo elomileyo…ukungazi ayiselulo ulonwabo.
Impendulo esebenzayo
Ukuthatha inyathelo elincomekayo ngoJanuwari 2021, iinkokeli zaseBordeaux zagunyazisa ukwaziswa kweentlobo ezine ezintsha ezibomvu: iArinarnoa, Castets, Marselan kunye neTouriga Nacional kunye nezimbini ezimhlophe, iAlvarinho kunye neLilorila iidiliya ezizakutyalwa. eBordeaux kunye nethuba lokusebenzisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 lepesenti yezi ndidi kumxube. Lemidiliya ivunyiwe ngenxa yokuba ivuthwa emva kwexesha kwaye ingajongana noxinzelelo lwehydric oluthintela umjikelo wezityalo, ukunika utshintsho lombala, ukubola, ukukhula kweswekile okanye ukuhla kwesivuno ngamaxesha athile obushushu. Imixube yeBordeaux ingaquka iMerlot (66 pesenti yezidiliya ezilinyiweyo), Cabernet Sauvignon (22.5 pesenti), Cabernet Franc (9.5 pesenti) kunye neentlobo ezincinci (2 pesenti) ze Malbec, Petit Verdot kunye ne Carmenere.
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi
Ngeliso lozinzo, amahlathi, amahlathi kunye neeheji zityalwa ngaphakathi nakwizidiliya ezijikeleze. Ngenxa yokuqonda ukuba imichiza ayiwutyebi umhlaba, izichumisi ezinetyhefu ziyapheliswa yaye iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziye zayeyona ndlela ithandwayo. Abanini bezidiliya kunye nabaphathi bongeza umhlaba weepaki, imithi kunye namahlathi kunye nezisele zeenyosi ukunceda ukusasaza. Ukubuyisela ubomi emhlabeni, iisiriyeli, i-clover kunye nezinye izityalo ziyaziswa ngenjongo yokuba zigcineke kwaye zibe ne-biodynamic kwizidiliya. Imantra yozinzo idlulela kwiiseli kunye neendlela zokwenza ukuba zibambe ikharbon dayoksayidi kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe kunye nabaphathi beediliya ezithengisa i-potassium bicarbonate eyimveliso yeCO2.
Ngo-2020, ukulima okuphilayo kunyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-43 ukuya kwiihektare ezingama-49,000 ngelixa ngo-2019, iipesenti ezingama-55 zeemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo kulawulo lwesidiliya zazilungele i-organic viticulture, xa kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezingama-30 ngo-2009. uninzi lwabalimi be-Bordeaux's 5500 abaguquguquki okanye batyebile njengabanini/abaphathi bezidiliya abaye bazisa izenzo ezizinzileyo.
Impembelelo kwiMerlot
Impembelelo yemozulu kwiwayini ebomvu evela kwiidiliya zamva nje ibonakala kwinqanaba utywala eye yanda (ukususela ngo-2016) ukusuka kwi-13 -13.5 ekhulwini lotywala ngomthamo (abv) ukuya kwi-14-15 ekhulwini kwaye ibonakala kakhulu kwi-Merlot, iintlobo ezityalwe kakhulu eBordeaux. Imidiliya emincinci ye Merlot ayityalwanga kakuhle ineengcambu ezinganzulwanga nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lobushushu ehlotyeni.
Kubalimi beMerlot abafuna ukubuyisela isityalo sabo, izibonelelo ziyafumaneka. Kwizidiliya ezibekwe eSaint Emilion (Cabernet Franc) nakwi Medoc and Graves (Cabernet Sauvignon) kukho impembelelo encinci yokutshintsha kwemozulu (ngelixesha) ngoko ke ezi ndidi zingasetyenziswa endaweni ye Merlot. IMalbec yenye inketho njengoko ivuthwa ngokuthembekileyo kwaye emva kwexesha.
Obomvu, oMhlophe okanye oRose; Sekunjalo okanye iFizz
Iwayini ezibomvu zeBordeaux zihlala zithandwa, kwaye iwayini ezomileyo zeBordeaux ezimhlophe ziyakhula. I-US yeyona marike iphambili ye-Bordeaux emhlophe eyomileyo emele iibhotile ze-5.2 yezigidi kwiintengiso zonyaka. Imarike yaseMelika ayikho i-mono-market kunye nokuthengiswa kwenyuka ukusuka kukhetho olufikelelekayo lwemihla ngemihla ukuya kuhlumo oluhlukanisiweyo ukusuka kwi-prestige AOCs kuquka i-Medoc, i-Pauillac, i-St. Estephe, i-Saint Julien, i-Margaux), i-Graves kunye ne-Satin-Emilion.
Ithemba
Nangona imozulu inokuthi inike i-Bordeaux winemakers migraines, banxibe ubuso obonwabileyo njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwanda ngeepesenti ze-16 kwivolumu kunye neepesenti ze-37 kwixabiso kwi-2.3 yezigidigidi ze-Euro, irekhodi eliphezulu. Abahamba phambili kuhlumo yi-US ne-China. Ngerhafu yewayini kaTrump esusiweyo yiBiden, iiwayini zeBordeaux okwangoku zinomtsalane zisuka kwi18, 19 kunye ne 20 zakudala. Ukuthengiswa kwewayini ekukhuleni kweBordeaux kubalelwa koku: uhlaziyo lwemfuno yomthengi wewayini; ukuvulwa kwakhona kweebhari kunye neendawo zokutyela; Ukuqondwa okuphezulu komgangatho kunye nokufikeleleka kwewayini ka-2018 kunye ne-2019 yewayini yevintages kunye nokunqunyanyiswa kweerhafu ezingama-24 ekhulwini kwiiwayini zaseFransi.
Iindlela zokuthengisa ezincomekayo zibe nefuthe kwi-65 yee-AOCs ezahlukeneyo ze-Bordeaux kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zewayini (ebomvu, emhlophe eyomileyo, eyomileyo, eswiti, nehlwahlwazayo); nangona kunjalo, iwayini ezibomvu zihlala zilelona candelo libalaseleyo kwimarike yaseMelika kunye neBordeaux emhlophe eyomileyo iye ithandeka kakhulu. I-US inombolo ye-1 yemarike ye-Bordeaux emhlophe eyomileyo, emele iibhotile ze-4.13 yezigidi.
Ishumi elinesithandathu leepesenti leepesenti zewayini eziveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele zisuka eFransi kwaye eli lizwe lelona lithengisa kakhulu iwayini kumazwe ngamazwe. Ishishini lewayini linoxanduva lokugalela i-7.6 yeebhiliyoni zee-Euro kuqoqosho lwaseFransi ngokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye libonelele ngemisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi. Ishishini lewayini lide ligcine ukhenketho, kunye nabantu bangaphandle abazizigidi ezingama-24 abandwendwela imimandla yewayini yaseFransi nyaka ngamnye.
Olu luthotho olugxile kwiwayini yaseBordeaux.
Funda iCandelo 1 Apha: Iiwayini zeBordeaux: Zaqalwa ngobukhoboka
Funda iCandelo 2 Apha: Iwayini yaseBordeaux: I-Pivot esuka ebantwini ukuya emhlabeni
© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.
#isiselo somdiliya
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- Nangona impepho zolwandle ziye zathomalalisa ezinye iimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi Ukuqala ngo-2010 utshintsho kwimo yezulu luye lwaqatshelwa ngabavelisi bewayini baseBordeaux kwaye le miba yemozulu ayinakuhoywa ingakumbi xa utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu ludityaniswe nokuguquguquka okunobundlobongela ukusuka kwimvula ngexesha lokuvuna ukuya kutsho. iqabaka, isichotho kunye nehlobo elomileyo…ukungazi ayiselulo ulonwabo.
- Indlela eya kuzinzo yindlela ende, enzima kwaye enexabiso eliphezulu kwaye uninzi lwabalimi be-Bordeaux's 5500 ababhetyebhetye okanye batyebile njengabanini/abaphathi bezidiliya abaye bazisa izenzo ezizinzileyo.
- I-Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan kunye ne Touriga Nacional kunye nemidiliya emibini emhlophe, iAlvarinho kunye neLilorila iidiliya ezizakutyalwa eBordeaux nethuba lokusebenzisa ukuya kwi 10 pesenti yezindidi kulo mxube.
