Ukulandela ukuqhambuka kokuqala kwefayile ye- I-coronavirus ye-COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, amazwe aqala ukuvala imida yawo, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, abantu abanembonakalo yaseAsia batyholwa ngokusasaza "intsholongwane yaseTshayina," yatsho i-trip.com. Kwelinye icala, kumanqanaba okuqala okuqhambuka eTshayina, ithiyori ithi esi sifo sisisixhobo semfuza esijolise ekujoliseni amaTshayina, kunye nabantu base Asiya ngokubanzi, sikhokelela kubhubhane wabokufika.
Olu luvo luphikisayo lupapashwe kwakhona ngu eTurboNews. Ukuqhambuka kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-COVID-19 kuye kwahlangatyezwana nokukhuthaza ukuxhasana okuvela kumazwe amaninzi, kodwa ngelishwa, ubhubhane wabemi bamazwe angaphandle kunye notyekelo oluchasene nehlabathi luye lwabonakala ngakumbi kunakuqala.
Ngoku, kwinyanga kamva, njengoko uqhambuko luqhubeka lusasazeka kwiYurophu naseMelika, ezo ngcinga zingenasiseko kufuneka ziyeke ukufumana umkhondo. Kwangokunjalo, kufanele ukuba icace okwangoku ukuba intsholongwane ayisiyo yelizwe elinye, kwaye ubuhlanga kufuneka bume, ngendlela efanayo kwinyanga ephelileyo, abahlali baseHubei bekungafanelekanga ukuba bachithwe e-China.
Kule ngxaki, ubuntu babelana ngesiphelo esinye, kwaye ukufezekisa uloyiso, umhlaba kufuneka uhlangane ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenzisana komhlaba, uthintele 'ukuqhambuka' kwabantu abangaboniyo abangaboniyo.
Ngexesha apho umhlaba uxhomekeke kubunkokheli babo ekuqinisekiseni ubumbano, kulusizi ukuba ezinye iinkokheli zehlabathi ezinje ngoMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump ziye zavuselela iimvakalelo ezimbi, bejoyina uloyiko ekwenzeni amagqabantshintshi njengokutshiza i-COVID-19 yenoveli coronavirus “ intsholongwane yaseTshayina ”kuTwitter - le nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkokeli yelizwe elikhululekileyo elixhasa ubhubhane wabemi bamanye amazwe. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuqhambuka kwe-H2009N1 ngo-1 eMntla Melika kwakungabizwa ngokuba “ngumkhuhlane waseMelika” - kodwa akukho mntu waguqa phantsi ukuze angabekwa amabala.
Ewe, intsholongwane ayiyazi imida, ubuhlanga, okanye umbono. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) wayichaza ngokucacileyo le ntsholongwane ngendlela engathathi cala ngqo ukunqanda ubudlelwane obunocalucalulo kunye nemimandla, ubuhlanga okanye iiklasi. Ilizwe kufuneka lilumke lingavumeli ukubukulwa kwabemi bamanye amazwe kubonakale ngamaxesha anje, xa amazwe kufuneka ehlanganisene ukuze aqinisekise uloyiso eluntwini.
Ukwabelana ngolwazi
Ngaphandle kwamahlazo kunye nezityholo eziye zavela ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye nangona amagunya ezempilo eWuhan nasePhondo laseHubei enze iimpazamo ezahlukeneyo zomgwebo ngexesha lokuqala kwamanqanaba okuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19, kulandela ungenelelo lukarhulumente ophakathi, iChina yasebenza ukubonelela ngolwazi. kwi-WHO kunye noluntu lwamanye amazwe ngokukhawuleza. Xa intsholongwane iqinisekisiwe ukuba iyi-strand ye-coronavirus, ilizwe laqinisekisa ukuba ukulandelelana okupheleleyo kohlobo, iipersers kunye neeproses zenziwa ukuba zifumaneke kwilizwe jikelele. Njengoko umzamo wokuthintela uqhubeka, i-China yabelana ngeziphumo ezinxulumene neendlela zokuthintela ubhubhane kunye neendlela zonyango, kwaye yabamba iiseshoni ezininzi ezikude nemibutho efana ne-WHO, i-ASEAN, i-European Union, kunye namazwe kubandakanya iJapan, Korea, Russia, Germany, France kunye I-US. Oku akuyibangeli ubhubhane lwabemi bamanye amazwe, kodwa ke ukubonelela ngolwazi kuya kuba luncedo kwamanye amazwe kamva kumlo wehlabathi wokulwa ubhubhane.
Kanye njengokuba abanye behlabathi bebexakekile bebeka ityala e-China, abachazi beli lizwe bakhawuleza ukonwabisa zonke iintlobo zamayelenqe aphesheya. Nge-29 kaJanuwari, i-New England Journal of Medicine eyaduma kwilizwe liphela yapapasha iphepha malunga nokuqhambuka kokuqala eWuhan, eyafumanisa ukuba intsholongwane inokuba sele idlulile phakathi kwabantu kwangoko phakathi ku-Disemba 2019, kwaye kwangoko nge-11 kaJanuwari 2020, Sele kukho ama-200 amatyala aqinisekisiweyo eWuhan. Eli nqaku, libhalwe ngokubhaliweyo ngabaphandi abavela kumaziko ahlukeneyo kubandakanya iZiko laseTshayina loLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, iZiko leHubei loLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo, kunye neDyunivesithi yaseHong Kong, lenze uhlalutyo lokubuyela umva kumanqanaba okuqala alo bhubhane ngesiseko yedatha enziwe yafumaneka kamva. Abanye abagqabazi kwi-Intanethi babuza ukuba ababhali bayifihlile ngabom na le datha ukuze bafumane ushicilelo. Kodwa ezo zinto zinokubakho zingeyonyani. Njengoko i-epidemiologists iphikisana, ukufumaneka kolwazi kubalulekile ekukhuseleni okusebenzayo kokuqhambuka. Ukupapashwa kweli nqaku kwiforum yamazwe aphesheya ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari, ebhalwe kwisiseko sedatha eyayifumaneka ngelo xesha, yayingenanto yakwenza nokuba ubhubhane awufumananga ngqwalaselo ekufanele ukuba yayise China ngoDisemba 2019 Ngokwenyani, ukupapashwa kwangexesha kwala maphepha kwakulungiselela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhambuko lufumene ingqwalaselo efanelekileyo kuluntu lwamanye amazwe, kwaye amanyathelo afanelekileyo ayakwazi ukwenziwa.
Kutshanje, emva kokuthintela ubhubhane eTshayina, ilizwe liye labelana ngeziphumo zalo nelizwe ukuze namanye amazwe axhamle, kwaye kugqitywe uloyiso kwihlabathi liphela. Umzekelo, kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba i-WHO ichonge esi sifo njengobhubhane, iqonga eladibanisa amazwe angama-60 kunye ne-WHO labanjelwa eBeijing, nalapho iingcali zamaTshayina zabelana ngeziphumo zabo kumanqanaba okuqala olawulo lwesifo. Emva kokuqulatha ngokufanelekileyo uqhambuko ekhaya, i-China ibonakalise ukuzimisela okuqinileyo ukufaka igxalaba ekufumaneni uloyiso kwihlabathi liphela ekulweni ukuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19, ngendlela efanayo naleyo abanye beza kunceda ngayo ngexesha labo lokudinga.
Ukuphuhlisa unyango
Iingcali zithi amayeza kunye nezitofu zentsholongwane zezona themba likhulu kuluntu lokufumana uloyiso kumlo ochasene ne-COVID-19, kwaye kubekho uninzi lwamazwe aphuhlayo malunga noku.
Olona phuhliso lubalaseleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yiRadixivir, ichiza elenziwe yinkampani ye-Biotechnology yase-US eGiliyadi, evelise iziphumo zokuqala ezikhuthazayo kuvavanyo lwezigulana ezili-14 olwalubanjelwe eJapan, apho uninzi lwezigulana lwachacha khona. Nangona izilingo ezilawulwa ngokungekho mthethweni zifuneka kwiziphumo eziqinisekileyo, ngenxa yonyango olungxamisekileyo, iGiliyadi kulindeleke ukuba ivelise ukubonelelwa ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa unyango kwihlabathi liphela kungekudala.
Ngomhla we-16 kweyoKwindla, isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 sase China saya kwinqanaba lokulinga okokuqala. Ngemini enye, iZiko leLizwe laseMelika i-Allergy and Infectious Diseases labhengeza ukuba isitofu se-COVID-19 sase-US naso singene kwinqanaba lokuqala lovavanyo lwezonyango, kwaye amavolontiya sele eqalile ukufumana inaliti zolingo. IJamani, i-UK, i-France, i-Japan, i-Israel kunye namanye amazwe nawo ebesebenza njengenxalenye yeenzame zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphuhlisa isitofu sokuthintela le ntsholongwane.
Ukuphuhliswa kwangexesha kwesitofu esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo yeyona nto iphambili kuthintelo losulelo lwe-COVID-19. Kuphela kungokusebenza kunye-hayi ngesifo se-xenophobia-apho amazwe anokuzithemba kolu phuculo lutsha kwaye ayibethe intsholongwane.
Ukubonelela ngenkxaso
Kwiintsuku zokuqala kokuqhambuka kweTshayina, iimaski yayiyinto enqabileyo. Ukuphendula, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea nabanye, bathumele iimaski zonyango kunye neempahla zokuzikhusela elizweni. Iipakethe ezivela eJapan ngamazwi okhuthazo avela kwimibongo yaseTshayina afunyanwa kakuhle kwi-Intanethi kwaye aba luphawu lokuxhasana phakathi kwamazwe kumlo wokulwa nobhubhane.
Ngo-Matshi, nangona kunjalo, xa inani lamatyala amatsha kumaphondo amaninzi ase-China lalifikelele kwi-nil, inani lokufunyaniswa ngaphandle kwe-China lakhula ngokukhawuleza ukuba lidlule inani lamatyala e-China, kwaye amazwe awahlukeneyo aqala ukufumana ukunqongophala okufanayo kwezonyango. Ukuphendula, i-China yatshintsha ukusuka kwindima yomxhamli ukuya kwisibonelelo. Ukongeza kwinkxaso karhulumente, amashishini aphesheya ahlala kweli lizwe enze igalelo elibonakalayo. Iqela leTrip.com linikele iimaski ezi-1 kumazwe ahlukeneyo kubandakanya iJapan, uMzantsi Korea kunye ne-Itali, kwaye iAlibaba Foundation yanikela ngemaski, iimpahla zokhuselo kunye neekiti zovavanyo kumazwe angama-54 eAfrika. Le minikelo ibibalulekile kungekuphela ngokwexabiso lempahla yazo, kodwa njengeempawu zokuzimisela kunye nokuzimisela kwamashishini amazwe kunye noluntu ukuxhasa amanye amazwe ukoyisa lo mngeni uqhelekileyo.
Ukongeza kwizinto eziyimfuneko kwezonyango, i-China ikwabuyise inkxaso eyayifumana ngaphambili kwezinye izizwe ngokuthumela amaqela eengcali kwezonyango kumazwe nakwimimandla echaphazeleke ngamandla kukuqhambuka ukunceda kuthintelo nolawulo. Ngomhla we-12 kweyoKwindla, iingcali zezonyango ezivela kwiKhomishini yezeMpilo yeSizwe kunye ne-Chinese Red Cross zafika eRoma zineetoni ezingama-31 zoncedo lwezonyango ukuxhasa i-Itali kumlo wokulwa nobhubhane, emva kokuba sele ithumele amaqela enkxaso e-Iran nase-Iraq.
Iingcali ziya kuvuma ukuba ngenkxaso yamanye amazwe, i-China iphumelele ukukhuthaza ukuqhambuka, ngokuchaseneyo noko kukhuthazwa bubhubhane wabemi basemzini. Ngoku, ilizwe linokuninzi ekwabelwana ngalo ngokwezixhobo kunye nezinto ezifunyanisiweyo kwaye libonakalise ukuzimisela ukufaka isandla kwisisombululo sehlabathi kuqhambuko.
Ukuphucula ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlukaniswa
Kumanqanaba okuqala obhubhane, amazwe amaninzi amilisele izithintelo zokungena kubemi base China. Njengokuba imeko iqala ukuba ngcono e-China kwaye isiba mandundu kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ilizwe lazise imigaqo eqinileyo yokuvalelwa kwabahambi abavela phesheya, ukunqanda ukuqhambuka kwesibini elizweni. Ngomhla we-16 kweyoKwindla, umzekelo, isixeko saseBeijing saphumeza umgaqo-nkqubo ofuna ukuba bonke abafikayo bamazwe aphesheya, ngaphandle kwemvelaphi kunye nobuzwe, babeke bodwa kwiindawo ezichongiweyo ngendleko zabo iintsuku ezili-14. IShanghai ikwabhengeze imigaqo efuna ukuba bonke abafikayo bamanye amazwe abanembali yokuhamba yakutshanje kumazwe nakwimimandla echaphazelekileyo, ehlaziywa ngokolwazi lwamva nje olukhoyo, ukuvalela iintsuku ezili-14.
Iingcali zezoqoqosho ziphikise ukuba amanyathelo athathwe eShanghai achanekile kwaye alungele ukuvumela ubomi babuyele esiqhelweni, kwaye ekugqibeleni, kuqulathe uqhambuko ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo ngokungeyomfuneko kuqoqosho. Amazwe kufuneka asebenze kunye, hayi eyedwa, ukunqanda ukuqhambuka kwesibini. Inkxalabo yokwenza ingxelo engeyonyani inokuqwalaselwa ngokusebenza neenkampani zonxibelelwano zamazwe aphesheya ukuqinisekisa imbali yokuhamba yabahambi, ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yamazwe aphesheya ngesiseko se "khowudi yezempilo" esetyenziswayo e China ngoku. Ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwabahambi abasemngciphekweni kuya kuvumela ukuba kuvulwe izithintelo kumazwe nakwimimandla enolawulo lobhubhane (umzekelo, iJapan, iSingapore, iHong Kong, iMacao neTaiwan). Oku kunganceda ukunciphisa imiqobo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, amashishini notshintshiselwano, kananjalo kugxilwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo ekubekweni kweendawo ezinobungozi bezinto eziphathekayo.
isiphelo
Nje ukuba ukungabinamthungo kunye nokutshintshiselana rhoqo kuphazanyiswe ngubhubhane, kwaye iimpembelelo zoku kuphazamiseka kunokuba nokubaluleka njengobhubhane uqobo. La mava ikwangumnxeba wokuvuka. Ukuba nezithintelo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kunxibelelwano notshintshiselwano kuye kwanyanzela uninzi lwethu ukuba lufune ezinye iindlela apho besingenakho ukuba kungenjalo.
Izithintelo zotshintshiselwano ezibekwe kuthi ngeli xesha linxunguphalisayo kufanele ukuba zisebenze njengesikhumbuzo sokuba kukho imithwalo eyahlukeneyo yokuzibophelela, kunye nezithintelo ezingeyomfuneko kutshintshiselwano olunemveliso phakathi kwamazwe, ekufuneka siwanciphisile. Njengoko iingcali zezoqoqosho ziye zaphikisana ixesha elithile, zisusa imiqobo eyahlukeneyo kurhwebo phakathi kwe-US ne China, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela eziphambili zokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano olufana ne-Intanethi zihlala zivulekile zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikamva loqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ngelishwa, ngendlela efanayo nezithintelo zokuphuma zingenza ukuba uhambo lube nzima, iingcali ziye zathi into ebizwa ngokuba yi 'Great Firewall yase China' iye yaqhubeka nokusebenza njengomqobo obalulekileyo kutshintsho olubalulekileyo lwamanye amazwe. Ngokuthintelwa okungazange kwabonwa ngaphambili ekuhambeni nasekuqhakamshelaneni kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nenani labantu abathatha indawo yokubalekela okwethutyana kumazwe abo asekhaya, ezinye iindlela zedijithali zonxibelelwano ezinqamleze umda zinendima emiselweyo ekufuneka bayidlale ekuvumela imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ukuba iqhubeke, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ezi sithintelwe zizithintelo ezingeyomfuneko. Abafundi akufuneki ukuba bakhathazeke ngokungakwazi ukufikelela kwiwebhusayithi yabo eyunivesithi ngenxa yothintelo lwe-Intanethi 'lweFirewall enkulu', umzekelo.
Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yalo bhubhane ukhoyo, ukusilela ukulungisa le miqobo kubonakala kubeka umngcipheko wokuthumela ubumbano lomhlaba emva.
Ngamaxesha anje ngala, ukubaluleka kwentsebenziswano namazwe aphesheya kuyabonakala. Xa i-China yayijamelene nokuqhambuka kokuqala, amazwe amaninzi andise isandla sokunceda, kwaye ngoku ubhubhane sele ulawulwa, i-China ibuyise ngokunikezela ngeziphumo zayo kunye nezixhobo ukunceda amanye amazwe ukuba oyise lo mngeni uqhelekileyo. Izenzo zethu kulo bhubhane azichongi isiphelo selizwe elinye, ubuhlanga, okanye umbono, kodwa uhlanga loluntu.
Iintsholongwane lutshaba oluqhelekileyo loluntu. Ubhubhane wangoku usinike ithuba lokucingisisa nzulu ngentsingiselo yokwenyani yesiphelo esiqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu kwaye yazisa imingxunya yangoku kuthi kwangoko. Amazwe kuyakufuneka asebenze ngokusondeleyo ukusabela kwimiceli mngeni esijongene nayo ngokudibeneyo, kunye nokwaphula imiqobo yotshintshiselwano ekhoyo. Kungale ndlela kuphela esinokuthi siqiniseke ngokuphumelela eluntwini.
