I-BAGHDAD-Imyuziyam yeSizwe ebuyiselweyo yase-Iraq iphinde yavulwa ngoMvulo ngekhaphethi ebomvu embindini we-Baghdad phantse iminyaka emithandathu emva kokuba abaphangi bathabathe izinto zakudala ezixabisekileyo njengoko imikhosi yaseMelika ubukhulu becala yayimi ngakumbhodamo wokuwa kwesixeko kwimikhosi yaseMelika.
Ukugqogqwa kwemyuziyam kwaba luphawu lwabagxeki beqhinga laseWashington emva kohlaselo kunye nokungakwazi kwayo ukugcina ucwangco njengoko amapolisa kaSaddam Hussein kunye nomkhosi wasombulula.
Kodwa inkulumbuso yase-Iraq, uNouri al-Maliki, wakhetha ukujonga phambili. Ubize ukuvulwa kwakhona kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo ekubuyeni kancinci kweBaghdad kuzinzo emva kweminyaka yokuphalala kwegazi.
“Yayiyixesha lobumnyama i-Iraq eyadlula kuyo,” yatsho inkulumbuso kumsitho wonikezelo emva kokuhamba ngekhaphethi ebomvu ukuya kwimyuziyam. Le ndawo yempucuko iye yatshatyalaliswa.
Imyuziyam - ephethe izinto zakudala ukusuka kwiStone Age ukuya kwixesha laseBhabheli, iAsiriya kunye neSilamsi - iya kuvuleleka kuluntu ukuqala ngoLwesibini kodwa kukhenketho olucwangcisiweyo ekuqaleni, amagosa athi.
"Siwuphelisile umoya omnyama (wobundlobongela) kwaye siqalise inkqubo yokwakha ngokutsha," u-al-Maliki uxelele amakhulukhulu amagosa kunye nabagcini belifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo yase-Iraq njengoko amajoni ase-Iraq aneebharethi ezibomvu emi egadile.
Nje ukuba ibe likhaya leyona ngqokelela yezinto zakudala zehlabathi, imyuziyam yaba lixhoba lamasela axhobileyo atyhoboza kwikomkhulu emva kokuba amaMelika athimba iBaghdad ngo-Epreli ka-2003.
Yayiphakathi kwamaziko amaninzi athinjwe kulo lonke elase-Iraq, kubandakanya iiyunivesithi, izibhedlele kunye neeofisi zenkcubeko. Kodwa ubutyebi bengqokelela yemyuziyam - kunye nokubaluleka kwayo njengomgcini wesazisi sembali sase-Iraq - kukhokelele kwisikhalo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Imikhosi yase-US, ekuphela kwegunya esixekweni ngelo xesha, yagxekwa kakhulu ngokungakhuseli ubuncwane kwimyuziyam nakwamanye amaziko enkcubeko afana nethala leencwadi lesizwe kunye neZiko lobuGcisa laseSaddam, imyuziyam yobugcisa bale mihla baseIraq.
Xa wayebuzwa ngelo xesha ukuba kutheni imikhosi yase-US ingakhange izame ukunqanda ukuchas’ umthetho, uNobhala wezoKhuselo ngelo xesha uDonald H. Rumsfeld wathi: “Izinto ziyenzeka… nokwenza izinto ezimbi.”
Abanye bathi imikhosi yase-US yayingenasigunyaziso sokuthatha inyathelo ukusuka eWashington.
Malunga ne-15,000 yezinto zakudala ezibiweyo kwimyuziyam, kwaye umphandi ophambili wase-US wathi kunyaka ophelileyo ukuba ukurhweba ngezi zinto kwanceda ukuxhasa ngemali i-al-Qaida e-Iraq kunye namajoni angamaShiite.
Ekugqibeleni, izinto ezimalunga nama-8,500 zafunyanwa kwiinzame zamazwe ngamazwe ezibandakanya abaphathiswa benkcubeko kuwo wonke ummandla, i-Interpol, abagcini bemyuziyam kunye nezindlu zefandesi.
Kwiziqwenga ezimalunga ne-7,000 ezisalahlekileyo, malunga ne-40 ukuya kwi-50 zithathwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali, ngokutsho kwequmrhu lenkcubeko ye-UN i-UNESCO.
Kwakunokuba kubi ngakumbi. Amagosa ase-Iraq avale imyuziyam kwiiveki ezininzi ngaphambi kohlaselo olukhokelwa yi-US kwaye afihla izinto zobugcisa ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo ukunqanda ubusela babo.
Ezona ziqwenga zixabisekileyo nezikhethekileyo zengqokelela, kuquka iinkunzi zenkomo ezimbini ezincinci kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeAsiriya neBhabhiloni ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-2,000 eyadlulayo, zaziboniswa ngoMvulo. Abanye bahlala bevalelwe ngaphandle.
U-Abdul-Zahra al-Talqani, umlawuli weendaba kwi-ofisi yezokhenketho kunye ne-archeology e-Iraq, uthe yinto engaphezulu kwendawo kunokhuseleko kuba zisibhozo kuphela iiholo ze-23 eziye zalungiswa.
Izinto ezenziweyo ezininzi ziya kuboniswa njengoko ezinye iiholo zivulwa, watsho, esongeza ukuba amagosa emyuziyam alindele inkxaso-mali karhulumente.
Ekuqaleni kuphela ukhenketho olucwangcisiweyo lwabafundi kunye namanye amaqela aya kuvunyelwa ukuba angene kodwa iingcango ekugqibeleni ziya kuvulelwa iindwendwe.
U-Al-Talqani uthe uqinisekile kumanyathelo okhuseleko athathiweyo ukukhusela imyuziyam, nangona enqabile ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo.
“Silindele iingxaki zokhuseleko kwaye sinethemba lokuba yonke into iza kuhamba kakuhle,” utshilo.
Udonga lwama-Asiriya olubonisa iinkunzi zenkomo ezinamaphiko lunxibelelanisa iiholo ezimbini. Ezinye iiholo zaziqulathe iimosaics zamaSilamsi, ilitye lebhastile lokudayela ilanga kunye neekesi zeglasi ezibonisa ubucwebe besilivere kunye needaga.
Enye yayinikelwe kwizinto zakudala eziphangiweyo ezazifunyenwe, kuquka iivazi neengqayi zomdongwe, ezinye ezaphukileyo, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yezilwanyana ezincinane, izacholo zomqala kunye neesilinda.
Ukuvulwa kwakhona kwemyuziyam okupapashiweyo kuza njengoko urhulumente ezama ukukhuthaza ukuzithemba koluntu ekwehleni okukhulu kobundlobongela kwikomkhulu nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo, nangona uhlaselo lusaqhubeka kwaye amagosa omkhosi wase-US elumkisa ukuba iinzuzo zokhuseleko zihlala zibuthathaka.
UMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi e-Iraq ubhengeze ngoMvulo ukubanjwa kweqela lamapolisa angamaShiite atyholwa ngokubulala udade bosekela mongameli wamaSunni ngo-2006 njengenxalenye yokuxhwilwa kunye nokubulawa kwabantu.
Isithethi sikaMaj. Gen. Abdul-Karim Khalaf uthe abantu abali-12 ababanjiweyo bebengabasebenzi benkonzo. UMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi utyholwa ngokungena kwixa elidlulileyo ngamajoni angamaShiite aqhube olona bundlobongela bamahlelo.
Udade we-Vice-President Tariq al-Hashemi, Maysoun al-Hashemi, wafa ngesichotho sompu ngo-Aprili 27, 2006 njengoko wayeshiya ikhaya lakhe e-Baghdad.
Kolona dushe lwakutsha nje, abadubuli bahlasele indawo yokuhlola umkhosi wase-Iraq ngoMvulo kwintshona ye-Baghdad, babulala amajoni amathathu kwaye benzakalisa abanye abantu abasibhozo, ngokutsho kwamapolisa.
Kananjalo ngoMvulo, ibhombu ecaleni kwendlela ekubonakala ukuba ijolise kumapolisa ajikeleza kumbindi weBaghdad yabulala ubuncinci abantu ababini kwaye yenzakalisa abathandathu, utshilo amapolisa kunye namagosa esibhedlele.
Amagosa athethe phantsi komqathango wokungachazwa amagama awo kuba akagunyaziswanga ukuba akhuphe iinkcukacha.
