AKULULA: Ukufikeleleka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya

Ngelixa abantu abaninzi belangazelela ukuhamba, enye yezona zinto zithintelayo ukusuka apha ukuya phaya kukujongana nesiphithiphithi, ukubhideka, kunye nemigama emide. kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ecela umngeni nakweyona mbaleki inomdla kakhulu.

Ukusuka kwisidingo sokuhamba iimayile ukusuka kwelinye isango ukuya kwelinye, umoya okumgangatho ophantsi kunye nezindlu zangasese ezimdaka nezingafikelelekiyo, ukuya kukutya okunexabiso eliphezulu kunye nabasebenzi be-surly, kunye nokungakhathalelwa ngokupheleleyo kwabahambi abakhubazekileyo - zonke ziyimiqobo ekwandiseni ukuhamba rhoqo. . Ngubani omele atyhole? Le miba inokubekwa ezinyaweni zamagosa karhulumente, abaqulunqi beenqwelo-moya, kunye nabaphathi beenkampani zesikhululo seenqwelomoya/iinqwelomoya.

Izigqibo Ezinempembelelo

I-Census Bureau iqikelela ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-42.6 eUnited States (i-13 pesenti), banohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka olunokuthi lube nefuthe ekuhambeni kwabo, umbono, ukuva, okanye ukuqonda. I-Bureau ikwafumanisa ukuba abantu abadala abadala kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nokukhubazeka kwaye inani labantu abadala likhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, malunga ne-1.2 yezigidigidi zabantu (phakathi kwe-15-20 yepesenti yabemi behlabathi) baphila nokukhubazeka. Ngo-2050, inani labantu abaneminyaka eyi-60+ y/o liya kufikelela malunga ne-2.1 yeebhiliyoni.

Njengoko ukuhamba ngomoya kuba yindlela "eqhelekileyo" yokuhamba kwaye kwezinye iimeko ekuphela kwendlela yokusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, abantu abadala abadala kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo bahamba ngamanani amakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala (okt, uncedo olufanelekileyo oluvela kwikhawuntara yokungena esangweni, okanye unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lolwazi lwenqwelomoya ngobuchwepheshe okanye ezinye iindlela), ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kubantu abakhubazekileyo kunokuba ngumngeni kakhulu kwaye kube nzima.

NguMTHETHO

Ngokubanzi, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunye neenqwelomoya ziyafuneka ukuba zibonelele ngezibonelelo ezifikelelekayo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa imimiselo ye-federal, kodwa ezininzi (ukuba azikho zininzi) ziyasilela kumanqaku.

Ngokutsho Abantu baseMelika abakhubazekileyo (i-ADA):

• Umntu unokukhubazeka ukuba unokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni okukhawulela kakhulu ubuncinane umsebenzi om-1 ongundoqo wobomi.

I-Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) ichaza umntu okhubazekileyo:

• Umntu onokukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni okuthi, ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana, athintele kakhulu umsebenzi omnye okanye ngaphezulu ebomini.

• Unerekhodi yothintelo okanye uthathwa njengonothintelo

Ngokubhekiselele kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunye namava abakhweli indawo yokuqala yindawo yokungena kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, ephumela kwisango lokusuka kwaye ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezibandakanya izindlu zangasese, ukufikelela kwibango lempahla, kwaye iphelela kwindawo yothutho ephantsi.

Izigidi zithintelwe

I-Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) igqibe ukuba izigidi ezingama-27 zabantu baseMelika (5+ y/o nangaphezulu) baneziphene ezizixelayo ngokwazo zokunciphisa ukuhamba (2019). I-ADA iyaluthintela "ucalucalulo kwaye iqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo kubantu abakhubazekileyo emsebenzini, kwinkonzo karhulumente kunye norhulumente wasekhaya, indawo yokuhlala yoluntu, izibonelelo zorhwebo kunye nezothutho." Kwi-2021, iSebe lezoThutho (i-DOT) lifumene izikhalazo ze-1394 ezinxulumene nokukhubazeka, ukunyuka kweepesenti ze-54 ukusuka kwi-2019. I-DOT (2018) ikhuphe idatha yengxelo ye-32,445 yezikhalazo ezinxulumene nokukhubazeka - iphawula ukunyuka kwe-7.5 ekhulwini ukusuka kwi-2017. Phantse i-50 ekhulwini izikhalazo ezixeliweyo ezinxulumene nokusilela ukubonelela ngoncedo olwaneleyo kubahambi abasebenzisa izitulo ezinamavili.

Kuyinyani ukuba i-ADA ayinwebeki kubakhweli beenqwelomoya, nangona kunjalo, ithetha ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo banelungelo kwiindawo ezithile zokuhlala ezifana neetoliki kunye neteknoloji ye-TTY enokuthi ikhuseleke kubahambi abakhubazekileyo ukuba bahlele uhambo lwabo.

Abagibeli abakhubazekileyo banelungelo kwiindawo ezithile zokuhlala, ngaphandle kwentlawulo phantsi koMthetho wokuFikelela kwi-Air Carrier (ACAA).

Lo mthetho uthi zonke iinqwelomoya zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ezine-US njengendawo yokufikela okanye imvelaphi ziyafuneka ukuba zibonelele ngeendawo zokuhlala eziyimfuneko kubantu abakhubazekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhambo olukhuselekileyo.

AKULUNGILEYO nje

Uphando (2021) lufumanise ukuba iziseko zoncedo kwezinye izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, kubandakanywa izakhiwo zesikhululo kunye nezibonelelo zabakhweli ezinxulumeneyo, aziboneleli ngokulinganayo kwiinkonzo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya kubakhweli abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhubazeka. Umthamo we-elevator omncinci udala imiqobo echaphazela kakubi abakhweli abanokukhubazeka kokushukuma kwiindawo ezixakekileyo. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo, ubudala, kunye nemeko yokulungiswa kwezakhiwo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya kuchaphazela ukufikeleleka. Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinkulu zinemigama emide yokuhamba phakathi kwamasango kunezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezincinci kwaye uninzi lwezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinoyilo oluntsonkothileyo zifuna iinzame zokuqonda kunye nezomzimba zokuhamba.

Ngenxa yokuba zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo moya zahlukile, abakhweli abakwazi ukucwangcisa uhambo lwabo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba isango labo likufuphi neminikelo yokufikeleleka efana neteknoloji yokuncedisa abakhweli abazizithulu okanye ukwakhiwa kweendlela zokuhamba zasimahla zabangaboniyo kunye nabantu abanabahambi kunye nezitulo ezinamavili. Itekhnoloji kunye/okanye abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo banokufumaneka kwitheminali enye, kodwa hayi kwenye, okanye kwiindawo ezithile kuphela njengesango elinye okanye amabini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ulwazi olubalulekileyo (oko kukuthi, ubume benqwelo-moya kunye nokukhwela, imiyalelo yokusabela ngokukhawuleza, indlela yokuhamba ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo) ayifumaneki nje. Abahambi abangaboniyo okanye abanombono ophantsi banokuba nobunzima bokusebenzisa inkqubo yengcaciso yezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinxibelelana ngenqwelomoya kunye nobume bokukhwela, imiyalelo yokusabela kwimeko yonxunguphalo, kunye nalapho/indlela yokufikelela kwinqwelomoya eqhagamshelayo. Abantu abangeva kakuhle banokuphoswa lulwazi olubalulekileyo olunikezwa ngesandisi-lizwi ngelixa umntu okhubazeke ngokwengqondo okanye ongaboni kakuhle unokufumanisa kunzima ukucacisa imiqondiso ephithizelayo, engaqondakaliyo okanye ebandakanya amagama asezantsi.

imali

Abahambi abangahambi kakuhle bachitha malunga ne-58.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka kuhambo kwaye bahlala bethatha inani elifanayo lohambo ngonyaka njengabantu abanamandla. Abathandathu kwabalishumi abaphenduliyo kuphando lwakutsha nje bafumana ixesha lokulinda elongeziweyo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ngaphambi okanye emva kokubhabha kwabo kuba bekufuneka balinde uncedo lokushukuma, ngelixa i-40 pesenti yalahleka okanye yonakele ngexesha lokuhamba ngomoya.

Imiqobo, imiqobo

Unxibelelwano luyinxalenye kunye nenxalenye yamava esikhululo seenqwelomoya; nangona kunjalo, abahambi abakhubazekileyo abachaphazela ukuva kwabo, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye / okanye ukuqonda, kwaye basebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana kunabantu abangenazo ezi ziphene babekwe kwimeko embi kakhulu xa befikelela kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.

1. Imiyalezo ebhaliweyo yokukhuthaza impilo ihlala ithintela abantu abanengxaki yombono ekufumaneni umyalezo kuba ushicilelo luncinci kakhulu kwaye iinguqulelo ezinkulu zoshicilelo azifumaneki kwaye iBraille okanye iinguqulelo zabantu abasebenzisa iiscreen readers azifumaneki.

2. Imiyalezo yezempilo yokuva isenokungafikeleleki kubantu abangeva kakuhle: iividiyo azibandakanyi amazwi abhaliweyo; unxibelelwano lomlomo alunatoliko lwezandla (oko kukuthi, uLwimi lweZandla lwaseMelika)

3. Ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lobuchule, izivakalisi ezide, kunye namagama anamalungu amaninzi anokuba yimiqobo ekuqondeni abantu abanengxaki yokuqonda.

4. Imiqobo yomzimba (okt, imiqobo yesakhiwo) ithintela okanye ivale ukushukuma okanye ukufikelela kwaye ibandakanya: amanyathelo kunye nemiqobo ethintela umntu ekungeneni / ekuphumeni kwisakhiwo okanye ekungeneni kwindlela yokuhamba.

5. Ukungabikho kwee-handrails kwenza kube nzima ukuba abakhweli abancinci basebenzise izinyuko

Izinto zentshukumo

Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezinomdla wokuba (okanye ukuba) zikhuphisane ziya kwandisa amanqanaba azo okufikeleleka. Uphando lunqume, ukuba xa izinga lokufikeleleka landa ngepesenti ze-1, umthamo wabagibeli unyuka nge-2 ekhulwini.

Ukuze zibe nokukhuphisana, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kufuneka zamkele into yokuba ngoku uyilo lwazo kunye noyilo lwangaphakathi ludala ixhala kunye noloyiko phakathi kwabakhweli abakhubazekileyo. Ixhala kunye noloyiko lwenziwa ziindlela ezinde nezintsonkothileyo ukusuka ekungeneni kumasango okuphuma, imiqondiso engenakuqondwa okanye ibekwe kwiindawo ezenza zingabonakali, imigca yokhuseleko emide, abasebenzi abangakhathaliyo nabakrwada, kunye nokungakwazi ukufumana indawo yangasese yosapho okanye iindawo ezithe cwaka. Izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezakhiwayo kunye/okanye ezilungiswayo kufuneka zibandakanye iindawo ezithambekileyo, izinyusi, kunye nezindlu zangasese eziyilelwe ukuthobela i-ADA, njengoko ilungisiwe. Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kufuneka zinciphise izinga lengxolo.

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esiyingozi okanye ezinye iziphene "ezifihliweyo" baxhalabele izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ukuphucula amava abo okuhamba emoyeni.

Babongoza abaphathi ukuba baqeqeshe abasebenzi besikhululo seenqwelo-moya ukuze bayiqonde imida yabo baze bacebise ukuba abahambi abaneziphene bafumane ibheji ekhethekileyo ebonisa ukuba bafanele basebenze kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Bafuna izitulo ezinamavili kunye / okanye iinkonzo zenqwelo zombane kunye nokuhlolwa okongeziweyo nguLawulo loKhuseleko lwezoThutho (TSA) kufuneka bayeke.

Into Elungileyo Onokuyenza

Izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezimbalwa ziyasebenza kwaye zilungisa iimfuno kunye neemfuno zabakhweli bazo ngemiba yofikelelo:

1. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseWinnipeg Richardson

• Inkqubo yeLanyard yabakhweli abanokukhubazeka okungabonakaliyo

• I-app yeselula eyilelwe ukunceda abantu abane-Autism kunye ne-Neurodiversity

2. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseIstanbul

• Indawo ezolileyo kwindawo ekungenwa kuyo ngabantu abanokukhanya, ingxolo, kunye nobuthathaka babantu

• Igumbi leendwendwe elinikezelweyo kunye nekhadi leendwendwe leCerebral Palsy, Autism, kunye neDown Syndrome

• Indawo yebango lempahla ephambili

• Inyathelo ngenyathelo lokukhangela ngaphakathi kwindlu ngemiyalelo enelizwi

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.