Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kudibanisa umhlaba wethu ngokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza abantu, ukuvula amathuba amatsha oqoqosho kunye nokuhambisa ukutya neempahla kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kukhuthaza ukuqondwa kwehlabathi, kuvelise utshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko etyebileyo kwaye ngokwenza njalo kube negalelo kuxolo lokuphila.
Kwangelo xesha, utshintsho lwemozulu luyinto exhalabisayo kuluntu lwethu. Impembelelo yoluntu kwimozulu ifuna isenzo kwimida emininzi. Icandelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya sele lithathe inyathelo elibalulekileyo ukukhusela iplanethi kwaye baya kuqhubeka nokwenza njalo.
I-Aviation inegalelo kwipesenti ezimbini zokukhutshwa komntu okwenziwe yicarbon dioxide. Umzi-mveliso uzinike umceli mngeni wokunciphisa i-CO2 izinto ezikhutshwayo kwanaxa imfuno yohambo lomoya kunye nezothutho ikhula ngokubonakalayo. Ngokusebenzisa iQela eliSebenza ngezoThutho loMoya (i-ATAG), ishishini lokubhabha ngenqanawa laba licandelo lezorhwebo lokuqala ukuseta iithagethi zamabhongo: ukunciphisa i-CO2 izinto ezikhutshwayo ukuya kwisiqingatha sonyaka wama-2005 ngo-2050, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhula kwe-CO2 sisemngciphekweni wokufezekisa izibophelelo zethuba elikufutshane, kubandakanya ukumiliselwa kweCarbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme yowama-2020 kwinkqubo yezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (CORSIA) njengoko kuvunyelwene ngamazwe e-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
Amagosa aziiNtloko zeTekhnoloji kubenzi abasixhenxe abahamba phambili kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngoku basebenza kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini liyahlangabezana nezi zibophelelo ziyimfuneko.
Isicwangciso-qhinga
Zintathu izinto eziphambili kubuchwephesha bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokuzinzileyo:
- Ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa inqwelomoya kunye noyilo lweinjini kunye netekhnoloji ekuqhubekekeni ngokungakhathali kokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-oyile kunye nokunciphisa i-CO2 ukuphuma.
- Ukuxhasa urhwebo lwezixhobo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ezizinzileyo. Iinqwelomoya ezijikeleze i-185,000 sele zibonakalisile ukuba iinqwelomoya zangoku zilungele ukuzisebenzisa.
- Ukuphuhlisa inqwelomoya entsha kunye netekhnoloji yokuqhubela phambili kunye netekhnoloji yokukhawulezisa eya kwenza ukuba 'isizukulwana sesithathu' sendiza.
Eminye imiba, enjengolawulo olusebenzayo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli nako kunendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka bayidlalile. Umzi mveliso wethu ubonakalise inkqubela ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni ingxolo kunye nezinye iimpembelelo kokusingqongileyo kwaye uya kuqhubeka ukwenza njalo.
Iindiza kunye noYilo lweNjini kunye neTekhnoloji
Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, itekhnoloji yeenqwelomoya kunye neenjini inciphise i-CO2 ezikhutshwayo ngomndilili wonyaka ongaphezulu kwepesenti enye kumgibeli ngamnye. Oku kube sisiphumo sotyalo-mali olubonakalayo lweR & D kwizixhobo, ukusebenza ngokukuko kwamandla omoya, uyilo lwedijithali kunye neendlela zokuvelisa, uphuhliso lweeturbomachinery kunye nokwenza iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ngemibutho eyahlukeneyo yeshishini kunye nemibutho yamazwe aphesheya, uluntu lwenqwelomoya luzinikele ngokuzithandela ukuhlangabezana neseti yeethagethi ezinobundlongondlongo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwendalo esingqongileyo. Iithagethi ezibekwe liBhunga eliCebisayo loPhando ngeAeronautics eYurophu zifuna ukunciphisa iipesenti ezingama-75 kwi-CO2, ukuhla kweepesenti ezingama-90 kuye NOX kunye nokuhla kweepesenti ezingama-65 kwingxolo ngowama-2050, xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba ngonyaka ka-2000.
Ukunceda ukufezekisa ezi njongo zindlongondlongo, izivumelwano zehlabathi ezifikelelweyo nge-ICAO ibiza ukuba umgangatho wokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli ube yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa esetyenziswa kuyo yonke inqwelo moya.
Sisazinikele ekuphuculeni uyilo lweenqwelomoya kunye neenjini ukuqhubeka nomkhondo wokuphucula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kangangoko. Kwangelo xesha linye, siqaphela imiceli mngeni yobuchwephesha engaphambi kwethu kunye nesidingo sokuba sibandakanye iindlela ezomeleleyo 'zesizukulwana sesithathu'.
Ukukhuthaza ukuTshintshwa kwaMandla: IiFutha zoLondolozo lweeNdawo eziZinzileyo
Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuya kuqhubeka ukuxhomekeka kumafutha olwelo njengowona mthombo wamandla kwisiseko seenqwelomoya ezinkulu nezide. Ngaphandle kwezona zinto ziqinisekileyo malunga nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngombane, iinqwelo moya zommandla kunye nezohlobo olunye ziya kuhlala zisebenza kwizithuthi zehlabathi ngefuthe lejethi kumashumi eminyaka ezayo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwee-Fuel zoQeqesho oluZinzileyo (SAFs) ezisebenzisa i-recycled endaweni ye-fossil esekwe kwi-fossil kwaye ifezekise imigangatho eyomeleleyo, ethembekileyo yokuzinza yinto ebalulekileyo kwikamva elizinzileyo. Iindlela ezintlanu zokuveliswa kwee-SAF sele zivunyiwe ukuba zisetyenziswe, kunye nemveliso yesikali sentengiso yenye yezi ndlela sele ikho. Siyakholelwa ekubeni ukukhawulezisa imveliso yokunyusa zonke iindlela zorhwebo, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye kuphuhliswa iindlela ezongezekileyo zexabiso, sisitshixo sempumelelo. Lo msebenzi sele uqhubeka kumaziko ophando nakwiinkampani kumacandelo ohlukeneyo emizi-mveliso. Into efunekayo kukwandiswa kwenkxaso karhulumente kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, utyalo-mali lwezixhobo zemveliso, kunye nenkuthazo yokuvelisa amafutha kwihlabathi liphela.
Siyixhasa ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ipetroli, ezinzileyo, enokutsha, ehambelanayo nezibaso ezikhoyo. Siza kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nabavelisi bamafutha, abaqhubi, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, imibutho yezendalo kunye neearhente zikarhulumente ukuzisa la mafutha kusetyenziso lweenqwelo moya ngokubanzi ngaphambi konyaka wama-2050.
Ixesha lesithathu loKhenketho
Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kusekuqaleni kwexesha lesithathu elikhulu, ukwakha kwisiseko esabekwa ngabazalwana bakaWright kunye nabaqambi beJet Age kwii-1950s. Ixesha lesithathu lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya lenziwa yinkqubela phambili kulwakhiwo olutsha, ukusebenza ngokukuko kweinjini eziphambili ze-thermodynamic, amandla ombane kunye ne-hybrid-electric, i-digitization, ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa, izixhobo kunye nemveliso. Iinqwelomoya ezinkulu ziya kuqala ukuxhamla kuyilo lwenoveli oluya kuthi luphucule ukusebenza ngakumbi ngokulawulwa kokurhuqwa kweenqwelomoya kunye nokusasazwa kweendlela ngeendlela ezintsha. Izinto ezintsha ziya kwenza ukuba iinqwelomoya zibe lula, ngakumbi ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokukuko.
Sonwabile sesi sizukulwana sesithathu sokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwaye, nangona zonke iinkampani ezimelwe zineendlela ezahlukeneyo, sonke siqhutywa kukuqiniseka kwegalelo lazo kwindima yezophapho kwixa elizayo. Sikholelwa ukuba ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kungena kwelona xesha linomdla ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha leJet. Eli xesha lesithathu lithembisa ngefuthe elihle lenguqu kubomi kwihlabathi liphela-kwaye sikulungele ukuyenza inyani.
Bizela ukuSebenza: Masilidibanise eli kamva
Ikamva lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya liqaqambile. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwimizamo ebalulekileyo eyenziwa licandelo lethu, sixhomekeke kwinkxaso elungelelanisiweyo evela kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, abalawuli kunye noorhulumente abasebenza kunye ukufezekisa ezi njongo.
Kufuneka kubekho ukongezwa kokuzibophelela kukawonke-wonke nakwabucala ukuseka isiseko esomeleleyo somthetho sokujongana nemiba yenoveli enxulumene nobuchwephesha bokubhabha ngenqwelomoya kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yoqoqosho eyimfuneko kurhwebo lweSAFs. Sicinga ngolungelelwaniso olubanzi, olunzulu noluthe gqolo ngokusebenzisa i-ICAO ukuququzelela iindlela ezimanyeneyo zokumisela imibutho emiselweyo yesizwe neyelizwe jikelele kunye nokumisela imigangatho. Oku kubandakanya i-US Federal Aviation Administration, i-European Aviation Safety Agency, kunye ne-Civil Aviation Administration yase China, Ezothutho Canada, ANAC yaseBrazil nezinye.
Njengama-CTO oshishino sizibophelele ekuqhubeni uzinzo kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Siyakholelwa kolu shishino kunye nendima yalo ekwenzeni umhlaba wethu ube yindawo eqaqambileyo nekhuselekileyo. Sikwakholelwa kakhulu ekubeni sinendlela yokwenza uhambo ngenqwelomoya luzinze kwaye sidlale indima enkulu nangakumbi kuluntu lwethu lwehlabathi.
IGrazia Vittadini
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
Airbus
UGreg Hyslop
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
Inkampani yeBoeing
UBruno Stoufflet
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
I-Dassault Aviation
U-Eric Ducharme
Iinjineli Chief
GE Uhambo
UPaul Stein
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
Rolls-Royce
UStefane Cueille
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
nesafron
UPaul Eremenko
IGosa eliyiNtloko Technology
i-UTC
