Izazinzulu ezixhalabileyo zizinto ezitshintshayo ezitshintsha imozulu zigxile koko abanye bakubiza ngokuba “yingca yolwandle. Ezi zizityalo ezincinci zamanzi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-phytoplankton. Njengotshani obuluhlaza ezityiswa ngabo iinkomo, ezi zityalo zincinci ziphantsi kokutya okuninzi kumachibi naselwandle. Ezinye izilwanyana ezincinci zitya kuzo kwaye, zona, zibe kukutya kwabagxeki abakhulu. Ukwazi ukuba ubuninzi be-phytoplankton butshintsha njani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba loluphi utshintsho lwemozulu olunokubakho ebomini kwiplanethi yethu.
Ukuqaphela indima yemozulu kutshintsho lweplankton akuyi kuba lula. Njengophononongo lwesihloko kwangoko kulenyanga kwiSayensi kuqatshelwe, izityalo ezincinci zibethwa zizinto ezininzi ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwenkqubo yemozulu. Umzekelo, ukucoca ukuphuma kwamanzi ezifama kunganciphisa i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus ezondla iintyatyambo zeplankton. Ukuloba nako kunokuphazamisa ukutya kumatyathanga ukuya kwinqanaba apho kukho ukutya okutyayo okumbalwa okutya izityalo ezincinci.
UMartin Montes-Hugo kwiYunivesithi yaseRutgers kunye noogxa bakhe bafumene iminyaka engama-30 yedatha yesathelayithi kunye nezifundo zentsimi isixhobo esinamandla sokusika kobo bunzima. IiSatellites zilandelele ubuninzi be-phytoplankton ngobuninzi boluhlaza beklorofili yabo. Oososayensi bacinga ukuba ezi datha zityhila isandla semozulu kutshintsho lwephytoplankton kwiPeninsula esentshona yeAntarctic. Kutshanje bachaze ukuba kutheni kwiSayensi.
Idatha ibonisa ukwehla kweepesenti ezili-12 zepytoplankton kuloo ndawo kwisithuba seminyaka engama-30. Ukuhanjiswa kwezityalo ezincinci kutshintshile ngokuhla kwinxalenye esemantla usingasiqithi kunye nokwanda ukuya emazantsi. Abaphandi baphinde baqaphela ukuba "imeko yemozulu eyomileyo ebandayo" eyayikade ibalasele kulo mmandla idla ngokuba "yindawo efudumeleyo engaphantsi kweAntarctic."
Yongeza konke oku, utshilo uGqirha Montes-Hugo, kwaye “sibonisa okokuqala ukuba kukho utshintsho oluqhubekekayo kwingxinano ye-phytoplankton kunye nokwakheka kwithala lasentshona le-Antarctic Peninsula elinxulunyaniswa nemozulu yexesha elide ukulungiswa. ” Umbhali wakhe, uHugh Ducklow kwiLebhu yeLwandle yaseLwandle eWoods Hole, eMass., Ufikelela kwisigqibo esibanzi: "Ngoku siyazi ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lunempembelelo kwindawo yokutya kwaye lunyanzelisa iziphumo zalo ngokutya." Wongeza athi, "Umsebenzi omhle kaMartin Montes-Hugo, esebenzisa imithombo eyahlukeneyo yesatellite, wayibethelela loo nto."
UMontes-Hugo ukwathelekelela ukuba “ezi nguqulelo zikwizilwanyana ezinokubangela ingxaki zingachaza ukuhla kweephengwini.” Iadelie penguin popople yehlile njengoko imeko eyomileyo yeAntarctic iye yafudumala kwaye ifumile. Utshintsho kunikezelo lokutya kweentlanzi zabo ngenxa yotshintsho kwiziseko zonxunguphalo lwaselunxwemeni inokuba ityala.
UDee Boersma kwiDyunivesithi yaseWashington eSeattle uxele ukuba utshintsho olwenziwe yimozulu ekuboneleleni ngokutya lunokuchaphazela njani oonombombiya. Ikholoni yee-penguins zaseMagellanic ebezifunda kangangeminyaka engama-25 eArgentina yehlile ngaphezulu kwama-20 epesenti kwiminyaka engama-22 njengoko ukutya kwayo kweentlanzi kunye ne-squid kwafudukela emantla. Oku kunyanzela oonombombiya ukuba bazifunele ukutya abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokulamba. UGqirha Boersma uxelele intlanganiso yeAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science eChicago ngoFebruwari ophelileyo ukuba imozulu yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Ukuphulukana ne-12% kwezityalo zolwandle kuLwandlekazi lwaseMazantsi sisiphumo esincinci kwihlabathi liphela. Ngaphezulu kwe-17% yolwandle lwe-phytoplankton luye lwanyamalala kwi-North Atlantic, i-26% kwi-N. Pacific, kunye ne-50% yolwandle lwetropiki ngaxeshanye. Izityalo zaselwandle zitshabalaliswa kukuhla kothuli oluvuthuza emoyeni olubangelwe ziphumo ze-CO2 zokutyala izityalo zasemhlabeni ngakumbi ezo zikwimimandla enothuli eyomileyo. Izityalo zebhasier eluhlaza-isiciko somhlaba esihle = uthuli oluncinci Olo uthuli luthwala izimbiwa ezincinci eziyimfuneko ukuya kwizityalo zolwandle.
Ngokugcwalisa isinyithi esityebileyo samaminerali elwandle sinokubuyisela amadlelo olwandle kunye nezityalo kunye nazo zonke ezinye iintlobo zobomi baselwandle ezitya kula madlelo. Kodwa ukuhla kwezityalo zolwandle kubotshelelwe kwi-acidification yolwandle eyenziwa yambi ngakumbi njengezityalo zolwandle xa indalo ilungisa i-CO2 kwaye ivelisa loo madlelo atyebileyo olwandle. Namhlanje ukwehla kwezityalo zolwandle zeminyaka engama-30 kuphela kukhokelela kwiitoni ezi-4-5 zeebhiliyoni ze-CO2 ezingena kumphezulu wolwandle zibe yiasidi yolwandle ebulalayo endaweni yobomi bolwandle.
Iindleko zokugcwalisa uthuli olubalulekileyo lwamaminerali emadlelweni olwandle, ukubuyisela ubomi elwandle, kunye nokuguqula amaxesha asixhenxe ngaphezulu kwe-CO2 kune-Kyoto Protocol ebiza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kuya kuba zizigidi nje ezimbalwa zeedola ngonyaka, hayi amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zenguqu zemozulu Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ubunjineli boomatshini kunye nezinye izisombululo zamandla. Kwisivumelwano sonke siyaxhamla kulwandle olubuyiselweyo nakwimozulu. Khetha ukuzalisa ubomi kwaye ubuyisele ulwandle.
