Imeko yentlekele iye yabhengezwa emva kokuba inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-8.8 ihlasele ngentseni yangoMgqibelo kunxweme olukumbindi weChile. Umonakalo kunye nokuhlolwa kokulimala kusenziwa, kodwa izakhiwo, iibhulorho kunye neentambo zombane ziphantsi kwikomkhulu laseSantiago, kunye naseConcepcion nakwezinye iindawo. Ininzi yeenyikima ezinamandla eziye zawudlavula lo mmandla.
Ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-700 ekuxelwe ukuba babhubhile, abahlanguli batyhoboza kwiindonga eziwileyo kwaye bagawula inkunkuma ngeCawe kutyhala olungxamisekileyo lokufumana abasindi kwinyikima enkulu egqumayo eChile kusuku olungaphambili. Abanye abazizigidi ezi-2 kuthiwa bagxothiwe, benzakele okanye bonzakele ngenye indlela yintlekele. Amanani angenakuchazwa ashiyeke engekho.
Isebe lelizwe lase-US liye lakhuthaza ukuhamba kwabakhenkethi kunye nokungabalulekanga ngabemi baseMelika ukuya eChile kwaye labongoza abo sele belapha ukuba banxibelelane neentsapho zabo okanye babhalise kwi-Embassy yase-US eSantiago.
Imikhosi karhulumente izabalazela ukubamba ukuphanga kwezinye zezona ndawo zonakaliswe kakhulu, ukuthumela umkhosi emsebenzini eConcepcion, isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu eChile. Iindawo ezinkulu zelizwe zahlala zingenamanzi okanye umbane. Amaziko ovavanyo lweentente ayemiselwa malunga nezibhedlele ezibethwayo njengoko abasemagunyeni babongoza oogqirha ukuba banike ingxelo emsebenzini ukuze baye kuzimasa abonzakeleyo kwaye uthotho lweenyikima ezinamandla zaqhubeka zingcungcuthekisa indawo yentlekele.
Umongameli waseChile uMichelle Bachelet ubhengeze inani labantu ababhubhileyo kwezona nyikima zinamandla kwirekhodi litsibe laya kutsho kuma-708, liphantse laphindeka kabini njengoko abasebenzi bohlangulo befika kwiidolophu ezikude, ezichithakeleyo kufutshane nobhubhani ongaselunxwemeni. “La manani azakuqhuba ekhula,” utshilo.
Komnye wabahlali baselunxwemeni olunjalo, iConstitucion, abantu abamalunga nama-350 basenokuba babulewe yinyikima kunye netsunami eyabetha malunga nesiqingatha seyure kamva, igubungela amakhaya adilike ludaka olungqingqwa, ingxelo kamabonwakude waseburhulumenteni wanikela ingxelo. Izikhephe zaphoswa elwandle ngathi ziithoyi zephepha, ziwela kuphahla lwezindlu ngokuntlitheka.
“Le yimeko kaxakeka engahambelaniyo nembali yaseChile,” utshilo uBachelet. “Siza kufuna wonke umntu ovela kwicandelo likarhulumente nelabucala . . . ukuzibandakanya kumzamo omkhulu” wokubuyisela, wongeze watsho, evumela okokuqala ukuba uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe luya kwamkelwa.
Ixesha likaBachelet eofisini liphela ngoMatshi 11, xa uMongameli-onyuliweyo uSebastian Pi2/3era ethatha iintambo.
Inyikima enobukhulu obuyi-8.8, ehlasele kwangentseni yangoMgqibelo, yawisa izakhiwo, yavala oohola bendlela yaza yakhala kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingamawaka njengoko oorhulumente babezama ukukhusela abemi baselunxwemeni kwitsunami eyalandelayo. Nokuba kukho iinyikima ezizoyikisayo, abasemagunyeni baye baziphakamisa izilumkiso zetsunami ngeCawa emva kokuba amaza amancinane awoyikwayo ehlambe unxweme ukusuka kuMazantsi eKhalifoniya ukuya eHawaii naseJapan. Kodwa abasemagunyeni baseChile bavumile ukuba bebejongele phantsi ukutshatyalaliswa kwetsunami apha kwiindawo ezifana neConstitucion kunye neRobinson Crusoe Island kude neChile.
Ukuphanga kuqhambuke ngeCawe kwezinye zezona ndawo zonakaliswe kakhulu, apho abahlali bakhalaze ukuba balambile kwaye bahluthelwe izinto ezisisiseko. Izihlwele zagcwala iivenkile ezinkulu eConcepcion, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-70 emazantsi e-epicenter, kwaye babehamba nokutya, amanzi kunye namanabukeni kodwa kunye neeseti zikamabonwakude. Iibhanki ezininzi, iikhemesti kunye nezikhululo zepetroli nazo zabethwa. Kude kufuphi neSan Pedro, izihlwele zazithontelana kudederhu lweevenkile.
Amapolisa ahamba ngeenqwelo-mafutha ezixhobileyo atshiza abaphangi ngeenkanunu zamanzi kunye nezintywizisi kwaye abamba abantu abaninzi, uninzi lwabafana.
"Abantu banqwenela kwaye bathi ekuphela kwendlela kukuzithengela," umhlali waseConcepcion uPatricio Martinez uxelele iintatheli. "Sinemali yokuyithenga kodwa iivenkile ezinkulu zivaliwe, kufuneka senze ntoni?"
U-Bachelet, emva kwendibano kaxakeka yeeyure ezintandathu kunye neKhabhinethi yakhe ngeCawa, ubhengeze ukuba uthumela i-10,000 lamajoni kwindawo yaseConcepcion nakwezinye iindawo ukuze abuyisele ucwangco kwaye ancedise ekubuyiseleni imizimba nasekukhangeleni abasindileyo. Ukusebenzisa imikhosi exhobileyo kuhlala kungumxholo obuthathaka kwilizwe elalihlala phantsi kwesithuba seminyaka engamashumi amabini yolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi.
Umkhosi wokunyanzelisa ixesha lokubuya ekhaya: NgoMgqibelo, u-Bachelet, ubhengeze iindawo ezininzi zelizwe "imimandla yentlekele" kwaye kamva wakhupha ummiselo weentsuku ezingama-30 kwindawo yenyikima. Ivumela umkhosi ukuba ulawule kwaye ubeke ixesha lokubuya ekhaya. Ngethemba lokuthomalalisa ukothuka, uthe izinto ezisisiseko ezibandakanya ukutya ziya kuhanjiswa simahla ngamatyathanga evenkile enkulu kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni ethambileyo yaseBiob o naseMaule apho uninzi lokubhubha okuthe kwabhalwa ngoku.
Usodolophu waseConcepcion, uJacqueline van Rysselberghe, ukhuphe isibongozo esimangalisayo soncedo ukuthomalalisa ukuphangwa. “Ayisalawuleki!” uxelele umabonakude waseChile.
Ukuhamba kunzima: Ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kwenyikima, ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba yayingumsebenzi onzima. Izithuthi zazithe chu ukuya emazantsi zisuka eSantiago zihamba kwiindlela eziziintsimbi kunye neendledlana ezineentanda, ezidla ngokujikela kwiindlela ezisemaphandleni. Isikhululo sebhasi eSantiago sasizele ngabantu baseChile bezama ukuya emazantsi okanye bathumele ukutya nezinto eziyimfuneko kwiintsapho zabo; Iinkampani zebhasi ziye zarhoxisa iihambo ezininzi ngenxa yeemeko zendlela.
Ukoyika emva kweenyikima: Kummandla wentlekele, amawaka-waka abantu alala ngaphandle, asonge ngeengubo okanye ngemililo emincinane yokulwa nengqele, enyanzelwa ukuba aphume emakhayeni abo ngenxa yemeko eyoyikisayo yezakhiwo okanye ngenxa yoloyiko olubangelwa yinyikima—ngaphezu kwe-100 ebhalisiweyo. ubukhulu be-5 okanye ngaphezulu, ngokutsho kwe-Associated Press.
Phakathi kwamaqela okuhlangula afikelela kwi-Concepcion kwakukho amalungu angama-42 eSantiago Firefighters Task Force, esanda kubuyela eChile esuka eHaiti apho yenza umsebenzi ofanayo wokukhangela abasindileyo.
Iinzame zaseConcepcion zagxininisa kwisakhiwo esitsha esinemigangatho eli-15 esadilikela kwelinye icala. Abamelwane banike ingxelo yokuva izikhalo phantsi kobhodlo kwaye boyika ukuba abantu abamalunga ne-100 bavaleleke ngaphakathi. Abahlanguli basebenze imini yonke ngeCawe besika ikhonkrithi, bebonisana neplani yezokwakha kunye nokutsala abasindileyo kunye nemizimba-ezisibhozo kuzo - kwingqushu. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-60 baye bahlangulwa okanye bavela ngamandla abo.
Kwiimitha nje ezimbalwa ukusuka ekuhlanguleni, ukuphanga kwafikelela kwinqanaba lomkhuhlane. Ekuqaleni wawubonakala ungowomsebenzi wamahlwempu kodwa kungekudala kwangenelela abantu abazizityebi. Abanye abantu badla ngokutya iinkukhu nenyama ekrwada, nangona babengenandlela yokupheka okanye yokugcina ngenxa yokungabikho kombane negesi.
Urhulumente uthe amakhaya akwisiqingatha sesigidi atshatyalaliswa okanye wonakaliswa kakhulu kwaye malunga ne-2 yezigidi zabantu bagxothwa, benzakala okanye benzakaliswe ngandlela thile yinyikima.
UClinton ukutyelela: Unobhala welizwe laseMelika u-Hillary Rodham Clinton uthe uza kuqhubeka notyelelo olucwangcisiweyo eChile kwaye wayecwangciselwe ukufika eSantiago ngoLwesibini njengenxalenye yohambo lwezizwe ezintlanu. Isidlo sangokuhlwa kunye neBachelet sarhoxiswa, nangona kunjalo.
Umongameli onyuliweyo waseChile, uSebastian Pinera, ulumkise ukuba umonakalo ovela kwinyikima enamandla umbi kakhulu kunokuba bekucingelwa ekuqaleni.
"Ndifuna ukulumkisa abantu baseChile ukuba ubukhulu kunye nefuthe lale nyikima kwaye le ntlekele inzulu kakhulu, yonzakala kakhulu kwaye imbi kakhulu kunokuba besicinga," utshilo uMnu Pinera kumagqabantshintshi.
Ukuthengiswa ngaphandle kweChile kulawulwa yimigodi yobhedu, engazange isetyenziswe kakubi, nangona imveliso yayo yezolimo ingaba nzima ngakumbi.
Iimpembelelo zeApile
Umzekelo, ishishini elikhulu lokulima ama-apile liye lachatshazelwa kukutshatyalaliswa okubanzi kwemithi kunye nonxibelelwano lwezothutho kanye xa kuqala ukuvuna.
Oku kunokubangela ukuba amaxabiso e-apula kwiimarike zaseYurophu anyuke, azuze abanye ababoneleli abafana neNew Zealand, u-Turner & Growers oyintloko uJeff Wesley uthe.
Iiapile zaseChile ngabona bakhuphisana kakhulu neNew Zealand kwiimarike zonyaka osemantla wehemisphere.
Amaxabiso eCopper anyuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-11 eziphakamileyo emva kweeyure zokurhweba nge-elektroniki kwiCandelo leComex yeNew York Mercantile Exchange njengoko iindaba zafika ngemigodi evaliweyo.
Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu yilahleko yombane, echaphazele imigodi emine kuphela evelisa i-16% yesiphumo sisonke. Imveliso iye yaphinda yaqala njengoko amandla ebebuyiselwe. Uninzi lweediphozithi zethusi zaseChile kunye nezixhobo zamachweba zifumaneka kwisiqingatha esisemantla selizwe kwaye azikho iingxelo zomonakalo.
Iibhulorho zitshatyalalisiwe
I-US30 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi eziphezulu zeendleko zomonakalo zivela ku-Eqecat, umvavanyi wengozi yeziganeko zentlekele. Ithi ininzi yomonakalo - i-55-65% - iya kuvela kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, kunye nomonakalo wezorhwebo obala i-20-30% yomonakalo opheleleyo kunye noshishino olwenza i-15-20%.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, owona monakalo mkhulu ibikuhola wendlela neebhulorho. Uhola wendlela iPan-American, eyona ndlela iphambili yelizwe, yavalwa kwiindawo ezininzi emazantsi eSantiago, nangona sele zimisiwe iindlela zokudlula.
Umphathiswa wezemali u-Andres Velasco uthe kusekude ukuba baqikelele iindleko zoqoqosho zale nyikima. Wongeze ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Chile wokugcwalisa inzuzo yobhedu kwi-US14.7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokonga imali yosuku lwemvula iyakunceda ekuthwaleni iindleko zokwakha ngokutsha.
“IChile isonge ixesha elide kakhulu ukuze ibenolondolozo ukuze ikwazi ukujongana neemeko ezinje,” utshilo.
Utshintshiselwano lwezokhuseleko lwaseChile luthe luza kusebenza njengesiqhelo ngoMvulo.
