Kuthatha iiyure ezili-17+ ukubhabha iimayile ezingama-7,960 ukusuka/ ukuya eRhawutini, eMzantsi Afrika, ukusuka kwisiXeko saseNew York. Xa uhambo lwenziwa kwiklasi yomqeqeshi, esi sisigqibo esingenziwa ngokungaqhelekanga. Phantsi kwezona meko zintle, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwinqanaba loqoqosho kulucelomngeni. Xa ixesha elichithwe kwisitulo esincinci esincinci malunga nosuku olupheleleyo, amathuba okuba ungakhululekanga ayanda ngokwejometri.

Ukujonga nje icandelo labaqeqeshi kwiSouth African Airlines SAA (nangona kungekho bantu), kunokubangela uvalo. Xa igcwele abakhweli kunye neentsana, abasebenzi kunye neenqwelo zokutya, indawo yenza u-Eva woNyaka oMtsha e-Times Square ubonakale ungenanto kwaye uzolile.

Iindaba ezimnandi zohambo lwam oluya ngaphandle yayikukuba inqwelomoya ye-SAA ayizange ithengiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ndiye ndakwazi ukunwenwa kwizihlalo ezibini kwaye ndiziva ngathi ndingumzimba oxinzelelwe kwisutikheyisi.

Iindaba ezimbi zezokuba ezi zihlalo ziseleyo emgceni zihlaliswe yindoda enkulu ecinga ukuba yonke loo ngcelele yeyakhe, ixhakamfula ithuba lokungena kuzo zonke izitulo ezikwipaseji. Ngethamsanqa, ndakwazi ukuphinda ndifumane indawo yam endiyithandayo xa ndacela uncedo kubasebenzi benqwelo-moya.

Yintoni Oyaziyo

Ngaphandle kocelomngeni lokuhlala kwinqwelo-moya, ukuhamba kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAfrika akulula. Nangona uMsebenzi weManyano ye-Afrika (amazwe angama-55 ase-Afrika) ikukukhuthaza iAfrika enoxolo, enempumelelo nehlangeneyo, kuncinane okwenziweyo ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sobuchule sokuphumeza lo mbono. Nangona inkqubo ye-African Aspirations yowama-2063 ibandakanya iinjongo zohlumo nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, indibaniselwano yezopolitiko, kunye nenkxaso yePan Africanism enobuntu obuqinileyo benkcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli elifanayo, inkqubela phambili icotha kakhulu.

Ayizondaba ukuba ukukhula korhwebo kunye nokhenketho kufuna isiseko esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo phakathi kwamazwe. Ngelishwa umhlaba owaneleyo noqhagamshelo lwaselwandle (kuquka iindlela, iitreyile, nolwandle) azikho okwangoku. Kwamanye amazwe (okt, eZimbabwe, eMzantsi Afrika), ezimbalwa zezikhululo zeenqwelo moya ziqalisa ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yoqhagamshelo – kodwa ukwenziwa kwangoku kwawo onke amaziko kuhamba kancinci kakhulu.

Kananjalo ayizondaba ukuba ulawulo lwemida lunesiphithiphithi, lubonakala luqhutywa ngabasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga ngokwaneleyo abawathatha ngokunzulu amandla abo ka-ewe kwaye hayi kwaye basebenzisa izikhundla zabo ukoyikisa abantu abafuna ukuhamba ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye.

Iindleko ze-Visa ziyahluka ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye, kunye neentlawulo ezihlawulwe ngumntu waseKhanada eyahlukileyo kwiintlawulo zomntu waseMelika. Kubonakala ngathi kukho ukungaguquguquki okuncinci kwiishedyuli zokuhlawula umrhumo, elinye ilizwe licela intlawulo yokungena ngelixa abanye befuna iintlawulo zokungena nokuphuma kweli lizwe. U(ii)vavanyo lomrhumo lubonakala luxhomekeke kwiminqweno yabasebenzi kwaye ingelulo uluhlu lwezikhokelo ezisekiweyo nezimiselweyo zikarhulumente.

Olunye utshintsho lumsebenzi wondwendwe. Abantu abahamba ngeshishini okanye ukuzonwabisa baphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwaye iifizi zabo ze-visa zibonisa ubuchule kunolawulo. Uphando ngoonozakuzaku base-USA kunye noonozakuzaku ngaphambi kokuhamba aluboneleli ngolwazi oluchanekileyo, xa / ukuba izikhokelo zifumaneka kuzo zonke.

IBrand Afrika

Umfanekiso ongaqhelekanga weAfrika wonakaliswe yintlupheko, iingxabano, indlala, imfazwe, indlala, izifo, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemingeni yeziseko ezingundoqo eziphazamisayo nabahambi. Kuba imbono iyinyani ummandla uzibekela imida kwiimarike ezininzi ezinokubakho ekundwendweleni. Ngelixa icandelo likarhulumente kunye nelabucala kufuneka basebenze kunye ukuze badibanise ubunyani kunye nokuqonda ngolwazi olukhoyo kunye noluchanekileyo - ukwamkelwa okubonakalayo kweemeko (i-ennui) kuqatshelwe kwaye kwamkelwe kumacandelo karhulumente kunye nabucala.

Ukukhangela ubuNkokheli

Oorhulumente banikela intetho yomlomo ngokuphathelele ukubaluleka kophuhliso lokhenketho njengenjini ebalulekileyo yezoqoqosho. Iintetho zibhalwa ziinkokeli zaseAfrika zibiza uphuhliso lwelizwe lokhenketho njengendlela yokuphelisa intlupheko, ingeniso yangaphandle, kunye negalelo ekulondolozweni kwezilwanyana zasendle; nangona kunjalo, ezi nkokeli aziboneleli ngezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa ishishini elisebenzayo, ukushiya ukukhula ngokupheleleyo ezandleni zabaphuhlisi babucala.

Okwangoku, iingeniso zokhenketho ziveliswa ngomgca omxinwa weemveliso ezifana nezilwanyana zasendle kunye neepaki zesizwe ezisekelwe kwiintlobo ezimbalwa (oko kukuthi, ezintlanu ezinkulu kunye neegorila zentaba). Abakhenkethi bezolonwabo banoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-36 zemarike kwaye abahambi beshishini banoxanduva lwama-25 epesenti yabafikeli bamanye amazwe kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 zibalelwa kubahlobo nezalamane ezindwendwelayo. Amanye amacandelo okhenketho aquka ukhenketho lwezemidlalo, ukutyelela unyango kunye nokuya kwiintlanganiso nakwiindibano.

Abakhenkethi bokuzonwabisa kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu rhoqo eKenya, eSeychelles, eMzantsi Afrika naseTanzania, ngelixa abakhenkethi be-niche bethatha inxaxheba kuhambo olungaphaya komhlaba okanye olunqumla ilizwekazi kunye nohambo, ilifa lenkcubeko, ukuntywila kunye nokhenketho lokubukela iintaka. Abakhenkethi abakwisiphelo esisezantsi kunokwenzeka ukuba baye eholideyini eGambia, eKenya, naseSenegal. Amacandelo omvuzo ophakathi aphuthelwe ngenxa yeempazamo zokuthengisa - abahambi babona iindleko zokutyelela kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara njengexabiso elibi ngokubhekiselele kwixabiso layo.

Ukoyisa imiceli mngeni ejongene nophuhliso kunye/okanye ukwandiswa kwabaphathi bezokhenketho kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba benze imeko-bume yozinzo lwezopolitiko, ulawulo olukhanyiselweyo, uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, imigangatho yenkonzo engaguqukiyo, ukhuseleko lokutya / ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kunye nokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye – zonke zixhaswa luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olwaneleyo. kunye neenkqubo zokuthengisa kunye nobudlelwane boluntu.

Imiba yoLwazi

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali loKhenketho kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika luncinci kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, iZimbabwe, ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweSizwe lonyaka (2016) lwe-4.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, yabelwe kuphela i-500,000 yeedola kukhenketho.

Ambalwa kakhulu amazwe akwaziyo ukuxhasa iimveliso zokhenketho ngaphandle koncedo olongezelelweyo lwecandelo labucala. I-Kenya kunye neTanzania ihlawulisa i-$ 40-$ 75 ngosuku ngomntu ngamnye ngeefizi zepaki. I-Rwanda Wildlife Authority ihlawulisa iindwendwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-750 yeedola ngesiqingatha sosuku ukulandelela iigorila. Abantu baseKenya bathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zamaxabiso aphantsi kunye nabemi kunye nabahlali abahlawula imirhumo ephantsi kuneendwendwe zangaphandle kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngelishwa, le ntlawulo ayifane yanele ukuxhasa ngezimali iimfuno ezininzi zozinzo lweepaki, iindawo ezikhuselweyo, kunye noluntu olungqongileyo. Oorhulumente baqhubeka bekhangela imirhumo eyongeziweyo kumashishini angenabuphi na, kwaye banikezela ngamathuba kubakhenkethi ukuba bafake isandla ekugcinweni kweepaki - kodwa ingeniso efunyenweyo ayanelanga ukuhlawula iindleko.

UKhenketho lufuna uCwangciso

Ngelixa uMzantsi Afrika uyindawo edumileyo, amazwe akufutshane aseBotswana, eZimbabwe, naseZambia anika amathuba anomdla kumava okuhamba awodwa; kungoko, umbuzo wokuqala uthi “Ufuna ukuya phi?”

Ngaphandle kokuba uhlala e-Afrika kunye / okanye wazi abantu abaye bahlala okanye basebenza kulo mmandla, kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba ungaya phi kwaye ufike njani. Ngokungafaniyo nokuhamba nge-USA, iYurophu, iAsia, iCaribbean kunye neMexico, akulula (kwaye akukhuthazwa) ukuzama iholide e-Afrika ngaphandle kokucwangciswa kwangaphambili.

Ukhenketho lwamkelwa ngoorhulumente bamazwe e-SADC njengolubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu okukhula koqoqosho; nangona kunjalo, uphando lukaRobert Cleverdon (2001) lufumanisa ukuba "babele iimali zophuhliso ezimbalwa" kulo mzamo. IYunithi yoNxibelelwano yeSADC (iprothokholi yokhenketho) kunye noMbutho woKhenketho woMmandla waseMazantsi e-Afrika (RETOSA) (umbutho wokuthengisa ukhenketho wengingqi ogxile kwintengiso yecandelo likarhulumente necandelo labucala) iye yasekwa kwaye amanye amazwe aphuhlise uBuphathiswa boKhenketho obuzinikeleyo. Ezinye izizwe ezimbalwa ziphumeze iibhodi okanye amabhunga okhenketho ecandelo likarhulumente nelabucala; nangona kunjalo, la maziko akanawo “amagosa aqeqeshwe ngokobuchwephesha okanye anamava afunekayo ukukhokela, ukulawula nokubeka iliso kuphuhliso lwecandelo elahlukileyo elinjengokhenketho,” kwaye iCleverdon ihlaba ikhwelo lokuba kuphuhliswe inkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho eqhubekayo eya kuthi iphuhlise amaqela eengcali zokhenketho. kwilizwe ngalinye. Ukwacebisa ukuba amazwe "ommandla ... ajongane nokusilela kwangoku ukuguqulela ulungiselelo lwesicwangciso ekuphunyezweni" (Cleverdon, 2002).

Umoya onganelanga

Uphando lukaRobert Cleverdon kuMazantsi e-Afrika (2002), lwafumanisa ukuba ubunzima bokufikelela kumazwe e-SADC ngomnye wemingeni esoloko ikhankanywa ejongene nophuhliso lokhenketho. Unqume ukuba iinkonzo zomoya ze-intraregional "zazinganelanga ngenxa yokuba inqanaba leemfuno lalinganelanga ukugunyazisa" nantoni na engcono. UCleverdon ucebisa ukuba abakhenkethi banokukhetha ummandla ukuba uhambo oluya/ olusuka kwamanye amazwe luye lwaphuculwa. Intsebenziswano phakathi kweengingqi nayo ingaphucula ukhenketho njengoko iindwendwe ezininzi zihamba zidlula eMzantsi Afrika nakwamanye amazwe efumanisa oku kuyiphelisa imivuzo yabo yokhenketho. Abakhenkethi abahamba uhambo olude baziqhelile ii-frequencies zemihla ngemihla kwaye abaluboni ucwangciso lwangoku lwenqwelomoya njengolwanele.

Iziseko zophuhliso ezinganelisiyo

Ukhenketho lufuna isiseko esikhulu kakhulu kwaye amazwe amaninzi akakwazi ukuxhasa ngemali olu lwakhiwo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwecandelo likarhulumente. “ITanzania idinga i500km yeendlela ezintsha okanye eziphuculweyo ukuze ukhenketho lwande kakhulu,” ngokutsho kukaCleverdon. Ukujonga ukhenketho njengelona shishini lodwa elixhamlayo kwiindlela eziphuculweyo kunciphisa inkxaso yeeprojekthi; ngoko ke abalawuli bokhenketho kufuneka basebenze nawo onke amanye amacandelo oqoqosho ukuze utyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo luxhase uluhlu olubanzi lwabasebenzisi kwaye lusebenzise ulungelelwaniso oluvumela utyalo-mali.

Uphuhliso lwabasebenzi

Amanye amazwe ase-Afrika akanabo abasebenzi abanezakhono ezifanelekileyo kwaye ngamanani aneleyo okusebenza ngokwaneleyo kumashishini eehotele, ohambo nokhenketho njengoko impumelelo yolawulo ifuna iiseti zezakhono zobugcisa, iilwimi nezentlalo. UCleverdon ucebisa ukubonelela ngokhenketho kwiinkqubo zesikolo ukwenza ulwazi ngoshishino, kunye nokusebenzisana nabathatha izigqibo kwezokhenketho lwemfundo ephakamileyo ukwazisa amaziko oqeqesho nokufunda.

UMthetho noMyalelo

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lusaqhubeka ukuba likhonkco elibuthathaka kwizindululo zokukhuthaza ukhenketho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubakhenkethi, bubhengezwa ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba aseNtshona kwaye luthintela utyalo-mali olutsha lokhenketho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho ludala ukungaqiniseki kwaye lubuze ukhuseleko lotyalo-mali kummandla. UCleverdon ucebisa imfuno yokunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokuphuculwa kwamazinga okubona kunye nezisombululo kunye nokubandakanya la manyathelo kumaphulo entengiso yendawo ekusingwa kuyo.

Phakathi kwezixeko ezili-10 eziphezulu zolwaphulo-mthetho eAfrika:

Rustenberg, SA (85.71 ngaphandle kolwaphulo-mthetho olunokubakho kwi-100 –Numbeo Report 2015)
Pietermaritzburg, SA (Ikomkhulu lePhondo laKwa-Zulu-Natal; izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho liyi-87.5 kulwaphulo-mthetho olunokubakho kwi-100 -Numbeo Report ukususela ngoJanuwari 2016)
I-Johannesburg, SA (Ikomkhulu lephondo laseGauteng; 91.61 kulwaphulo-mthetho olunokubakho lwamanqaku ali-100 – iNgxelo yeNumbeo ukususela kweyoKwindla yowama-2016). Yaziwa “njengeNkunzi yodlwengulo lweHlabathi”.
Durbin, SA (87.89 kulwaphulo-mthetho olunokubakho lwamanqaku ali-100; Ingxelo yeNumbeo Ukususela ngoMatshi wama-2016). Ingxelo yowama-2014 yeBhunga laBemi baseMexico loKhuseleko loLuntu kunye nobuLungisa boLwaphulo-mthetho, isiXeko saseThekwini besikwindawo yama-38 phakathi kwezixeko ezingama-50 ezinobundlobongela ehlabathini.
IKapa, eMzantsi Afrika (i-82.45 kwi-100 enokwenzeka, i-Numbeo ukususela ngo-Matshi 2016, ukunyuka ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3 edlulileyo)
EBhayi, SA (80.56 kwi-100 enokwenzeka - Numbeo, ukususela ngoFebruwari 2016; Ngo-2014, iBhayi yabekwa kwindawo # 35 yiBhunga labemi baseMexico loKhuseleko loLuntu kunye noBulungisa boLwaphulo-mthetho phakathi kwezixeko ezingama-50 eziyingozi kwihlabathi)
I-Nairobi, eKenya (Ibekwe kwi-78.49 kwi-100 nge-Numbeo ukususela ngo-Matshi 2016).

Utyalo mali

Ishishini lezokhenketho liphawulwe, ngokutsho kukaCleverdon (2002), ngotyalo-mali olukhulu lwangaphambili kunye nesantya esicothayo sokubuya. Abatyali-mali badla ngokuthontelana ukuya kwiindawo ezibonelela ngengqiniseko epheleleyo. Imeko yotyalo-mali kummandla woMbutho woPhuhliso lwaMazwe aseMazantsi e-Afrika (i-SADC) ayiqinisekanga. UCleverdon ufumanise ukuba oku kungaqiniseki kucacile kukungafuni kwabatyali-mali ukuzisa iiprojekthi kwimarike kunye nokumiselwa kwemigaqo engqongqo ngamaziko okuxhasa ngemali izindululo zokhenketho. Uphando lwakhe lubonisa ukuba iiProjekthi eziKhuselekileyo ziqhubela phambili, zihlala zenza ukwanda okugqithisileyo kwiindawo ezifana neGauteng, iNtshona Koloni, kunye necandelo lekhasino laseMzantsi Afrika.

Inokwenzeka

Ekubeni sisandul’ ukubuya kutyelelo lwaseBotswana, eZambia, eZimbabwe naseMzantsi Afrika, kucacile ukuba imfuno yokhenketho iyakhula. Ngelishwa, utshintsho lwesakhiwo olufunwa linani elikhulayo labatyeleli alikhuli ngokulandelelana, lishiya izithuba kwinkonzo, ezothutho, iteknoloji, imfundo kunye nenkonzo.

Oorhulumente bamazwe ase-Afrika bayakhuthazwa ukuba bahlangane ukuze baxhase eli shishini ngokuthe ngqo ngokubonelela ngesiseko seziseko ezingundoqo esinokuphuhliswa licandelo labucala. Iinkokeli zikaRhulumente zinokuququzelela ukukhululeka ngokusebenzisa imiqobo ekhoyo ye-bureaucratic, iququzelele ukufikelela kwabakhweli bomoya, kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba ophuhliso kunye nemfundo yabasebenzi abanezakhono. Ubunkokeli bukarhulumente bukwayimfuneko kukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, ukhathalelo lwempilo oluphuculweyo, kunye nenkxaso yeziseko ezingundoqo.

Amalinge adibeneyo kufuneka akhuthazwe phakathi kweefemu zasekhaya kunye nabaqhubi beehotele zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze ukufunda okuphuculweyo kunye nezakhono zokusebenza ezivela kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe zinokugqithiselwa kubaphathi bamashishini asekhaya.

Iihotele, isikhululo seenqwelomoya, iindlela, kunye neeprojekthi zolwakhiwo lukaloliwe zinokubonelela ngamathuba emisebenzi enzima ngakumbi ngezenzo zokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli yasekhaya, ubugcisa kunye namashishini amancinci aya kwandisa amathuba engqesho.

Yenza iMathematika. Uphando lwemakethi

Kukho ukunqongophala kophando lwemarike kukhenketho kummandla waseAfrika. Oorhulumente baseAfrika, ngentsebenziswano namahlakani ophuhliso, kufuneka baphuhlise kwaye baphumeze iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqokelela idatha yezokhenketho ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo igalelo lecandelo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Sithetha nje, amazwe amaninzi anengxaki yokunqongophala kakhulu kweenkcukacha-manani zokhenketho. Ngolwazi oluncinci malunga nokuba amacandelo ahlukeneyo ecandelo lezokhenketho anegalelo njani kwimpembelelo yalo edibeneyo kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sentengiso sexesha elide.

Inkxaso yoKhenketho

Maninzi amathuba ophuhliso lokhenketho kummandla otyebileyo ngemithombo yendalo neyenkcubeko. Uninzi lwamazwe akwinqanaba lokuqala lokhenketho kunye nophuhliso lokuhamba, elenza libe lixesha elifanelekileyo lokucwangcisa utyelelo. Imiceli mngeni ayinxulumananga nemithombo yayo emangalisayo kodwa kwiziseko ezingundoqo nolawulo lwezizwe. Nangona kukho ugqaliselo kuzinzo, iindawo ezininzi ezingenakubuyiselwa zamazwe ziyalahleka (oko kukuthi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nezilwanyana zasendle). Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe iya kubaluleka ekuguquleni unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-Afrika kunye nohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokhenketho. Sinokunceda isizwe sikhusele ubutyebi baso ngokundwendwela ummandla kunye nokuxhasa amashishini asekuhlaleni.

Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo, Cofa apha.

Umbhali, uGqr Elinor Garely lilungu le UkuHambaMarketingNetwork eNew York.