Ngaphandle kokuba uhlala kwifayile ye- Ilizwe leCaribbean, akukho ndlela yokufikelela kwiziqithi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umoya kunye / okanye uthutho lwamanzi. Akukho mntu ufumene inkxaso-mali okanye ubunjineli-obusetiweyo bokwakha iindlela, iileyili okanye iitonela njengezihlanganisi zommandla; ke ngoko, uphuhliso nozinzo lommandla luxhomekeke kuthungelwano lomoya kunye / okanye lwamanzi. Kunzima kangako ukukholelwa, akukho sivumelwano sibanzi silawula kwaye silawule indawo yomoya kuloo mmandla.

Vumelana Vuma: Izibonelelo ezongezelelekileyo

I-CARICOM (oorhulumente boLuntu lwaseCaribbean) bayila isivumelwano seenkonzo zamazwe amaninzi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo kwaye ngo-2012 uMbutho wezoKhenketho kwiCaribbean (i-CTO) wonyula iqela labasebenza ngenqwelomoya:

Ukukhuthaza ukuququzelela iinkonzo zothutho lomoya ngaphakathi naphakathi kweCaribbean noluntu lwamanye amazwe.

Ngelo xesha, iqela elalisebenza apho lalichotshelwe ngu-Ambassia uBrian Challenger kwaye isindululo besilinde i-CARICOM Secretariat kunye namagosa ukuba bathathe inyathelo lokugqibela ekwenziweni nasekuphunyezweni. Xa sivunyiwe, isivumelwano (kufanele ukuba) sibonelele ngendawo yokudlala yenqanaba labaphethe izinto ezisebenza kuloo mmandla. Ngaphandle kwesivumelwano, abathwali ngaphandle kommandla banezibonelelo ezininzi kunabathwali abakule ndawo.

Isivumelwano esicetywayo sikwathetha ngokuhamba kwangaphakathi kweenqwelo moya - umzekelo, umphathi ophuma eSt. Lucia uzokwazi ukuthatha abakhweli eTrinidad kwaye ababhabhe baye eTobago. Ngeli xesha, ayinakwenzeka kuba ilungile ithintelwe kumphathi weTrinidad.
Ukongeza, ikomiti kaMceli-mngeni yayisebenza ne-IATA (uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wezoThutho loMoya) ukugunyazisa isifundo sokujonga kwakhona utshintsho oluza kubakho ukunciphisa irhafu kumatikiti enqwelo moya.
Ikomiti ikwavavanye izithintelo ezibekiweyo kubakhenkethi nakwabahambi ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwezokhuseleko ngaphakathi kwi-OECS.

Abakhweli bokugqibela

I-CTO Aviation Task Force (AFT) iyaqhubeka nokufumanisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuhlola ukhuseleko lwabakhweli kunye neempahla azisebenzi kwaye ezinye izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zengingqi "zikumgangatho ombi". IQela eliSebenzayo lizimisele ukuba umthengi akajoliswanga kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya. Eminye imiba echaphazela amava abathengi ibandakanya ukungabikho kwesabelo sekhowudi kunye nezivumelwano zonxibelelwano kunye nemida ekwamkelweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoBhakabhaka obuVulekileyo.

Iindleko kunokuba iTyalo-mali

I-CTO Aviation Task Force ifumanisa ukuba imiba yolawulo kunye neemfuno zokungena kwiindiza ezintsha zinefuthe elibi kwiindleko ezinxulumene nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwengingqi. Ukongeza kwingxaki kukungahambelani okuhle phakathi kweenqwelo moya zeengingqi kunye nokungabikho kwendawo yomoya enye kunye / okanye nezivumelwano zesibhakabhaka esivulekileyo. Phakathi kokugxila kukhuseleko kunye nokwanda kwamanqanaba erhafu kurhulumente kunye nemirhumo edityaniswe neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza, izithintelo kuhambo lwangaphakathi kwengingqi luyaqhubeka ukwanda.

Dibanisa ubungakanani obuncinci beenqwelomoya zeenqila zangaphakathi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lokugcina ishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha kwezinye iindlela kwaye kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni umceli mngeni wokumisela 21^st Umzi-mveliso wezohambo kummandla ucelomngeni.

Impembelelo kwezoqoqosho

I-CTO ATF ikwajonga ukuba oorhulumente kunye neenkokheli zeshishini azifumananga ngokwaneleyo kwiimarike ezingezizo ezesizwe kwaye kukho indibaniselwano ebuthathaka yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwishishini lokhenketho. Ukongeza, ukuthengisa okungaphucukanga kunye namathuba okhenketho alinganiselweyo enza izithintelo ezongezelelweyo. Isiphumo sezithintelo: Iinqwelo-moya ziyasokola ukuhlala kushishino, zilibaziseka rhoqo okanye zisilele kwiintlawulo eziya kwabasemagunyeni.

Kungcono okanye kubi

Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwe nguKareem Yarde noCristina Jonsson (Ijenali yoLawulo lwezoThutho loMoya, 53, 2016) kwagqitywa kwelokuba "ukuphuculwa kwemo yokulawulwa kweenqwelomoya e-CARICOM kunganceda ekuphuculeni ukhenketho lwangaphakathi kwengingqi."

Uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba izinto ebezikho ngaphambili ezinyanzelayo "kufuneka ziqwalaselwe" kwaye "ukusebenza kwesivumelwano esele sikhona samazwe amaninzi kuthintelwe kukungenelela kwezopolitiko, kungekuphela nje kwimeko yezobuchwephesha beenqwelomoya, kodwa nakwimisebenzi yeshishini yabathwali bengingqi. . ”

Uchongwe njengoyena menzi mkhulu womgaqo-nkqubo kwishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, i-IATA icele oorhulumente nabanye abachaphazelekayo kwezokundwendwela kweCaribbean ukuba basebenze kunye njengoko eli candelo lentengiso libonelela ngonxibelelwano kummandla; Ngaphandle kweenkonzo zolu shishino, lo mmandla awunako ukuzinza njengoko uhambisa malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zalo lonke ukhenketho lisiya kwingingqi. Ngapha koko, xa kusehla intlekele (cinga iinkanyamba) kubalulekile ekusindeni nasekwakhiweni ngokutsha.

Employment

Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngumqeshi wehlabathi ohamba ngenqwelomoya yaseMelika evelisa i-US $ 2.4 trillion kunye neeakhawunti zemisebenzi ezizigidi ezingama-58. Ngokuka-Peter Cerda, I-Sekela Mongameli we-IATA, I-Amerika, kwingingqi yeCaribbean i-1.6 yezigidi zabantu basebenza kwindiza, bevelisa i-35.9 yezigidigidi ze-GDP (2016).

I-FAA isebenza kunye namaqabane e-aviation e-Caribbean ukomeleza ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwaye ngokusebenzisa inyathelo laseCaribbean iarhente inceda ekuphuculeni ukuhamba komoya kweCaribbean ngoqeqesho lwasekhaya kunye nokuqinisekiswa.

I-US ngummelwane obaluleke kakhulu kwindawo yomoya yase-US:

Ngaphezulu kwesigidi esi-7 sabakhweli ababhabha besuka e-US besiya kwiCaribbean minyaka le, bebala phantse iipesenti ezili-17 zabo bonke abakhweli abaphumayo e-US.
Ummandla kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngama-5-6 epesenti kule minyaka ingama-2 izayo, okwesibini kuphela kuMbindi Mpuma.
Ummandla ubandakanya ababoneleli beenkonzo zeendlela zomoya abali-10 abalawulwa zizizwe ezizimeleyo. Isiqingatha sesigidi senqwelomoya siwela enye yeendawo zokubhabha ezintandathu ezikufutshane ne-US.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yetropiki kunye nokuntsokotha kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya kubanegalelo kwishedyuli yendlela yokungaqiniseki kunye nokulibaziseka kulo mmandla.

Icandelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngumbuso ontsonkothileyo oquka Inyathelo leCaribbean:

FAA
ICAO
Umbutho weeNkonzo zoLwazi lokuHamba koMoya (i-CANSO)
Umbutho wezothutho lomoya eMelika naseCaribbean (ALTA)
IBhunga leZikhululo zeZikhululo zeenqwelo moya (ACI)
I-Latin American-Caribbean, uMbutho waseMelika wabaLawuli beeNqwelo moya (AAAE)
Umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe oThutho loMoya (IATA)
Amaqabane eCaribbean

Ngawo onke la magunya aphethe iminwe embizeni - ayimangalisi into yokuba kunzima ukuvumelana kwimizi-mveliso yezohambo lweCaribbean.

Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Inkomo yeMali

Oorhulumente abaninzi kakhulu kulo mmandla bamfanyekiswe yindima edibeneyo yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kuqoqosho olupheleleyo kwaye babona umzi mveliso ikakhulu (ukuba ayenziwa ngokukodwa) njengobunewunewu babazizityebi kwaye ke kujolise kubo ngokulula ekunyuseni irhafu. Ngelishwa, iirhafu kunye nemirhumo ayityalwanga ekunyuseni ukusebenza ngokukuko okanye ekwandiseni isikhululo seenqwelomoya / amandla eenqwelo moya okanye izibonelelo zendlela yomoya… iimali zifakwa kwingxowa-mali, ngokuka Peter Cerda we IATA.

Kwelinye ilizwe laseCaribbean, phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zomndilili wendlela enye ziqulathe iirhafu kunye nemirhumo. Ubuncinci ezinye iirhafu zentengiso zeCaribbean kunye neakhawunti yeefizi kwiipesenti ezingama-10 zexabiso letikiti. Kwintsapho yabantu abane abaya eBarbados bevela eYurophu okanye eMntla Melika, irhafu inokongeza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 30 kwiindleko. Irhafu ikwachaphazela abahambi bomoya ngaphakathi kommandla weCaribbean, ukongeza ubuncinci iidola ezingama-280 kwitikiti ngalinye, ukonyuka okunamandla kwiimarike ezimfutshane zokuhambisa apho ukugcwala kwabantu sele kuxhaswe ngobomi. Ukunyanzelisa imirhumo enzima kunye neerhafu kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwifuthe elibi kukhenketho nakhenketho lweshishini- isiseko soqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi.

Ixabiso eliphezulu lokwenza ishishini

Icandelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya akukho lula ukungena kulo kwaye kubiza kakhulu ukuligcina. Izivumelwano zenkonzo yomoya ezithintelayo zinciphisa inani leenqwelomoya ezinokuthi zisebenze kwaye zithintele urhwebo. Unozakuzaku kunye noNobhala Jikelele woLuntu lweCaribbean, u-Irwin LaRocque uthe, “Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uthutho olukhuselekileyo, olusebenzayo nolonga imali kulo mmandla lubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokudibanisa ingingqi. Ngenxa yokwanda kobume bamazwe angamaLungu, inkqubo yothutho enjalo ibalulekile ukufezekisa injongo yokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwabantu neempahla. Kukwabalulekile ngokufanayo ukukhuthaza umoya wokuhlala phakathi kwabantu bethu. Ikwaququzelela ukukhula kwezokhenketho okubaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho lwaMazwe angamaLungu ethu. ”

Ukujongana nemiceli mngeni yokuhamba ngenqanawa eCaribbean: 4^th Intlanganiso yoNyaka yokuhlangana kweCaribbean (CaribbeanAvia)

ICaribAvia Meetup ibibanjelwe eSt. Maarten kutshanje kwaye abazimaseyo bamkelwe kwesi siqithi nguMphathiswa Wezokhenketho neMicimbi yezoQoqosho, ezoThutho kunye noNxibelelwano, oHloniphekileyo uStuart Johnson.

UJohnson ucele ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweefosili ukwenzela ukunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ukhuthaze unxibelelwano ukusuka kwisiqithi ukuya kwisiqithi. Ukujonga kwikamva, uJohnson usebenzela ukuvunywa kwemvume yase-US eSt. Maartin, emisela ilizwe njengendawo yengingqi yenqwelomoya.

Le nkomfa yayilwa yaququzelelwa ngu-Cdr. UBud Slabbaert, uSihlalo / uMqalisi weNdibano yokuHamba kweCaribbean.

USeth Miller (PaxEx.Aero) uthe le nkomfa ijolise kumbuzo… ”ingaba izinto zangaphandle zingazinceda na ezi ziqithi ngendlela eya kususa umngcipheko womonakalo kubanini bazo. Ambalwa amazwe afuna ukubona iinkampani zabo zeenqwelo moya zishiywa ngaphandle kweshishini, kodwa imeko yeshishini lokusebenza kwesiqithi esinye, kunzima ukuthethelela.

UMiller uqhubeke wathi, “ICuracao kutsha nje iphulukene ne-InselAir, ishiya esi siqithi sisokola ukuhlala sinxibelelene nehlabathi liphela. UGiselle Hollander, uMlawuli wezoThutho noThutho lwesi siqithi…. (Uzama) ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinqwelomoya ezimbini ezinde zingasinda kwaye zikhule ngeli lixa zibuyisela ngokukhawuleza unxibelelwano… (kwaye) unomdla 'wokusebenza ngokubambisana kweli cala kunokulwa … Ayisebenzi ukusebenza kumgaqo-nkqubo wethu ukuba awusebenzi kwingingqi. '”

Ku futshane

UVincent Vanderpool-Wallace, iNqununu yeQabane leBedford Baker Group, eNassau, eBahamas, ucebise ukuba ukhenketho lwangaphakathi kweziqithi lunokwanda kwaye luncede ukugcina ishishini lezokhenketho ngokuthoba iindawo zomoya, zibenze bafikeleleke kubahlali baseCaribbean.

Ngelixa ngaphezulu oku kubonakala kuyindlela yokwenyani yokuzinzisa ukhenketho njengengingqi yeCaribbean, enabemi abangama-44,415,014 (ukusukela ngoJuni 25, 2019), ilingana neepesenti ezi-0.58 zenani labemi behlabathi, abaneminyaka eyi-30.6 iminyaka.

Inyani yile yokuba ngaphandle (mhlawumbi) kweBahamas, elona lizwe lityebileyo kuluntu lweCaribbean elinengeniso yelizwe efumana i-21,280 yeedola (Ingxelo yoPhuculo lweBhanki yeHlabathi, 2014) kunye neTrinidad kunye neTobago ngengeniso ye-capita nganye ye- $ 17,002 (2019 ), Ingcebiso yakhe isenokungabi yipragmatic.

Amanye amazwe akwingingqi awanathamsanqa njengeTrinidad neTobago. I-GDP yeAntigua yi- $ 12,640; KwiSuriname i- $ 8,480; IGrenada $ 7,110; I-St. Lucia $ 6,530; IDominica $ 6,460; ISt. Vincent kunye neGrenadines $ 6,380; IJamaica $ 5,140; IBelize $ 4,180 kunye neGuyana i-3,410.

Ngelixa la manani enokubonisa i-GDP, ayibonisi iNgeniso yokuqonda kunye neRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican inika ingxelo $ 491.37 kwaye iSanta Lucia ibhengeza i-421.11 yeedola kwimali ekhethiweyo.

Ukusukela nge-20 kaJuni ngo-2019, inqwelomoya esuka eSt. Maartin (SXM) isiya eSt. Vincent (SVD) iyakuthatha iiyure ezingama-20, imizuzu engama-20 ngexabiso le- $ 983.00- $ 1,093.00. Ngokuchanekileyo yintoni (kwaye phi) yimithombo kunye nezixhobo zonyuso kwingeniso yokuzikhethela evela kubahlali baseCaribbean ezinokuthi zijolise kwiitikiti zenqwelo moya kunye nakwiholide kwisiqithi esiseduze (kumaxabiso amatikiti akhoyo ngoku kunye nonxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lokuhamba)?

Ukwanda koqoqosho

Ukuze ube nakho ukuhlawula iindleko zomoya, uninzi lommandla kuya kufuneka lonyuse amathuba ezoqoqosho kwaye ligcine ukukhula ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezi-6. Kunobungqina obuncinci obucacileyo beenkcukacha-manani obucebisa ukuba uninzi lwamazwe akule ngingqi aya kuliphumelela eli nqanaba lokukhula, makungabikho kwaphela ukuligcina.

Iindleko zokwenza ishishini

Omnye umceli mngeni wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya okwenzeka kwiCaribbean yindleko ephezulu yokusebenza. Uninzi lweenqwelo-moya zommandla ziyabiza ukusebenza nokugqitha kwimirhumo ephezulu kunye neentlawulo kubakhweli. Ukongeza, izithintelo zenkonzo yomoya kumazwe amaninzi zihlala zinciphisa inani leendlela ezinokusebenza ngeenqwelomoya.

Ngokuka-Peter Cerda, usekela-Mongameli we-IATA wengingqi, i-Amerika, ingingqi ingonyusa izibonelelo ezihanjiswa yindiza kodwa inokwenzeka kuphela ngokubambisana noorhulumente abayiqondayo into yokuba ixabiso lokwenyani lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kukunxibelelana nokunikezela kunye namathuba ayenzileyo, hayi kwimirhumo nakwiirhafu ezinokutsalwa kuyo.

Izifundo Eziza Kufundwa

KwiCaribAvia MeetUp, uRobert Ceravolo, u-CEO, iTropic Ocean Airways (eFlorida), ucebise ngokubekwa emgangathweni kweenqwelo moya zeengingqi kunye nokufumaneka kwamathuba oqeqesho ngenqwelomoya kugxilwe kwimisebenzi hayi kwimisebenzi. Ukongeza, ucebise ubudlelwane phakathi koluntu nabucala nohambo lwaselwandle oluya kwenza ukuba iindwendwe zikhawuleze ukufikelela kwiindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide.

UGqr.Sean Gallagan, uMdibanisi weDean weeNkqubo zezoThutho, kwiKholeji yaseBroward (eFlorida) egxile kwimfuno yesiqingatha sesigidi semisebenzi emitsha enezakhono ngo-2036. amava kunye nokuphuhlisa ubuhlakani bukarhulumente / babucala njengendlela yokuxhasa ngemali ezi nkqubo.

UPaula Kraft, iQabane elisekayo, iDaVinci Inflight Training Institute, yacebisa uqeqesho lomsebenzi / lomsebenzi kwindawo yokutya. Kukho isidingo sokwakha ulwazi lokungaluniki ukutya kunye nokutya okusemngciphekweni (okt inyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, iinkukhu, iimveliso zobisi, ukutya okuluhlaza kunye nokuphathwa kobushushu njengerayisi kunye nemifuno ephekiweyo). Uninzi lwabasebenzi alubazi ubungozi obunxulunyaniswa nokuthenga izinto kunye nokutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle okanye okungalungiswanga kakuhle kwaye abangaqhelani neziphumo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingcolileyo, kunye nococeko lomntu. Ukongeza, kuqeqesho lwabasebenza ngenqwelomoya kufuneka lubandakanye iiProtokholi zeNkonzo ukwenzela ukubonelela ngoncedo kubathengi.

Isibhakabhaka esivulekileyo okanye esivaliweyo

Umququzeleli weCaribAvia, uCdr. UBud Slabbaert ubuza ubunyani besibhakabhaka esivulekileyo kwaye ucebisa ukuba ungalisebenzisi eli gama xa uxoxa ngendawo yomoya kwiCaribbean, "… ngoko nangoko isebenzise iindlela zokhuselo njengoko isiza njengokususa imigaqo kunye nokuphazamiseka kukarhulumente."

Ngokwenza oko, izivumelwano ze-Open Skies ngamalungiselelo enkonzo yomoya phakathi kwamazwe, kubandakanya abakhweli kunye neenkonzo zemithwalo. Onke amaqela ancokola kufuneka avume ukuvuma ukuvula iimarike zawo. Okwangoku, uSlabbaert ufumanisa ukuba imfuneko yokufumana amazwe angama-20 + ukuba avumelane phantse ayinakwenzeka; mhlawumbi isizathu sokuba kungabikho nto yenzekayo kwaye "… enye iNgqungquthela yeembeko ayizukuyitshintsha."

Ithemba Imithombo engunaphakade

ISlabbaert inethemba! Ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe izikhuthazi, amazwe anomvuzo kunye neenqwelomoya ezithembisa (kwaye zibambelele) kwingcinga yeZibhakabhaka eziVulekileyo ziya kukhutshwa isatifikethi kunye nokuTyikitywa kokuVunywa minyaka le. Ukwacebisa ukugxila kukhenketho oluphakathi kweziqithi kunye namazwe enza iinzame zokufumana izisombululo ezinokuba nomtsalane kumhambi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukongeza irhafu kwiitikiti zeenqwelo moya, kwiihotele, nakuzo zonke iindawo zamava okhenketho ayingomvuzo kwiindwendwe ezigqibe kwelokuba zihambe ziye “eCaribbean Friendly Skies.”

Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo ngeCaribAvia, Cofa apha, kunye nolwazi oluthe kratya kwiCaribbean, Cofa apha.

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.

INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:

Combine the small size of the intra-regional airlines and the high cost of maintaining the regional aviation industry plus the use of outdated equipment on some routes and it is easy to see why the challenge for establishing a 21st aviation industry in the region is challenging.
The research determined that pre-existing constraining factors “must be addressed” and “the effectiveness of the existing regional multilateral agreement is hindered by political interference, not only in the overall context of aviation bureaucracy, but also in the business operations of the regional carriers.
In a recent study by Kareem Yarde and Cristina Jonsson (Journal of Air Transport Management, 53, 2016) it was determined that “improvements to the regulatory aviation environment in CARICOM would aid improvements in intra-regional tourism.